Within Arizona, O. aeneus is exclusively affiliated with Madrean Evergreen Woodland communities and the upper reaches of adjacent semidesert grassland habitat. It is usually encountered in trees or shrubs on open, steep, and grassy slopes, but is also associated with wooded canyons, especially those with abundant vegetation. [7]
Descriptionedit
O. aeneus is an extremely slender snake that reaches up to 1.9 metres (6.2 ft) in total length (including a long tail). Its color may vary from gray to brown with a yellow underside.
An adult O. aeneus perches in the tree on the left. Mexican vine snakes disappear in their natural habitat; their cryptic morphology provides them with highly effective camouflage.
The body is laterally compressed.[4] The snout is prominent, its length more than two times the diameter of the eye. There is 1 preocular, and there are 2 postoculars. There is 1 anterior temporal, and there are 2 posterior temporals.[3] There is no loreal scale, and there are 8-10 upper labials.[5]
In Arizona O. aeneus is also called "pike-headed tree snake".[4] In Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana, it is known as a "horse whip" or "vine snake".
Behavioredit
Mostly arboreal and diurnal, O. aeneus is quite often mistaken for a vine. When threatened, it sometimes releases foul smelling secretions from its vent.
A Mexican vine snake opening its mouth and displaying its black oral mucosa to intimidate a predator.
Dietedit
O. aeneus feeds mainly on lizards (mostly anoles), but also eats frogs, small rodents and birds.[8]
Venomedit
O. aeneus is a mildly venomous rear-fanged snake, but it is not considered dangerous to humans.
Reproductionedit
O. aeneus is oviparous. Clutch sizes of 3-6 have been published. In Arizona, hatching occurs in September.[9]
Referencesedit
^Hammerson, G.A., Ines Hladki, A., Lee, J., Ramírez Pinilla, M., Renjifo, J., Urbina, N., Vazquez Díaz, J., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Gonzales, L., Catenazzi, A., Nogueira, C., Schargel, W., Rivas, G. & Murphy, J. 2019. Oxybelis aeneus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T198390A2523934. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T198390A2523934.en. Accessed on 19 September 2022.
^ abcdeBoulenger, G.A. (1896). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ) ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I-XXV. (Oxybelis argenteus, pp. 190-191).
^ abcdWright, A.H.; Wright, A.A. (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes) (Oxybelis aeneus auratus, pp. 563, 565-569, Figure 167, Map 44).
^ abcSmith, H.M.; Brodie, E.D. Jr. (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN0-307-13666-3 (paperback). (Oxybelis aeneus, pp. 188-189).
^Brennan, Thomas C. "Brown Vine Snake (Oxybelis aeneus)". Online Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
^Brennan, Thomas C. "Brown Vine Snake (Oxybelis aeneus)". Online Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
^Goldberg, S.R. (1998). "Reproduction in the Mexican vine snake Oxybelis aeneus ". Texas Journal of Science50 (1): 51-56.
Further readingedit
Behler, John L.; King, F. Wayne (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp. ISBN0-394-50824-6. (Oxybelis aeneus, pp. 641–642).
Boos, Hans E.A. (2001). The Snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN1-58544-116-3.
Schmidt, Karl P.; Davis, D. Dwight (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Oxybelis microphthalmus, pp. 266–268, Figure 88).
Stebbins, Robert C. (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. xiii + 533 pp. ISBN0-395-98272-3. (Oxybelis aeneus, pp. 402–403 + Plate 47 + Map 144).
Wagler, "Jean" [sic] (1824). "Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens, recueillies et observées pendant le voyage dans l'intèrieur du Brésil dans les années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, exécuté par ordre de sa Majesté le Roi de Baviére ". In:Spix, '"Jean de" [sic] (1824). Animalia nova sive species novae. Munich: F.S. Hübbschmann. viii + 75 pp. + Plates I-XXVI. (Dryinus aeneus, new species, pp. 12–13 + Plate III). (in Latin and French).
Zim, Herbert S.; Smith, Hobart M. (1956). Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar Species: A Golden Nature Guide. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (Oxybelis aeneus, pp. 82, 84, 156).
External linksedit
Oxybelis aeneus eating a rosebelly lizard (Sceloporus variabilis)
Species Oxybelis aeneus at The Reptile Database
January 01, 1970
oxybelis, aeneus, commonly, known, mexican, vine, snake, brown, vine, snake, species, colubrid, snake, which, endemic, americas, mexican, vine, snake, palmar, ecological, reserve, yucatán, mexico, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classif. Oxybelis aeneus commonly known as the Mexican vine snake or brown vine snake is a species of colubrid snake which is endemic to the Americas Oxybelis aeneus Mexican vine snake in the El Palmar ecological reserve Yucatan Mexico Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Order Squamata Suborder Serpentes Family Colubridae Genus Oxybelis Species O aeneus Binomial name Oxybelis aeneus Wagler 1824 Synonyms Dryinus aeneus Wagler 1824 Coluber acuminatus Wied 1824 Dryinus auratus Bell 1825 Dryiophis aeneus Garman 1887 2 Oxybelis argenteus Boulenger 1896 3 Oxybelis argenteus Bocourt 1897 Oxybelis aeneus auratus A H Wright amp A A Wright 1957 4 Oxybelis aeneus H M Smith amp Brodie 1982 5 Contents 1 Geographic range and habitat 2 Description 3 Common names 4 Behavior 5 Diet 6 Venom 7 Reproduction 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksGeographic range and habitat editO aeneus is found from within the Atascosa Patagonia and Pajarito mountains of southern Arizona in the United States 6 through Mexico to northern South America and Trinidad and Tobago Within Arizona O aeneus is exclusively affiliated with Madrean Evergreen Woodland communities and the upper reaches of adjacent semidesert grassland habitat It is usually encountered in trees or shrubs on open steep and grassy slopes but is also associated with wooded canyons especially those with abundant vegetation 7 Description editO aeneus is an extremely slender snake that reaches up to 1 9 metres 6 2 ft in total length including a long tail Its color may vary from gray to brown with a yellow underside nbsp An adult O aeneus perches in the tree on the left Mexican vine snakes disappear in their natural habitat their cryptic morphology provides them with highly effective camouflage The body is laterally compressed 4 The snout is prominent its length more than two times the diameter of the eye There is 1 preocular and there are 2 postoculars There is 1 anterior temporal and there are 2 posterior temporals 3 There is no loreal scale and there are 8 10 upper labials 5 The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 17 rows at midbody 3 Ventrals 173 205 5 subcaudals 150 188 divided paired 3 The anal plate is divided in Arizona specimens 4 but is entire in South American specimens 3 Common names editIn Arizona O aeneus is also called pike headed tree snake 4 In Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana it is known as a horse whip or vine snake Behavior editMostly arboreal and diurnal O aeneus is quite often mistaken for a vine When threatened it sometimes releases foul smelling secretions from its vent nbsp A Mexican vine snake opening its mouth and displaying its black oral mucosa to intimidate a predator Diet editO aeneus feeds mainly on lizards mostly anoles but also eats frogs small rodents and birds 8 Venom editO aeneus is a mildly venomous rear fanged snake but it is not considered dangerous to humans Reproduction editO aeneus is oviparous Clutch sizes of 3 6 have been published In Arizona hatching occurs in September 9 References edit Hammerson G A Ines Hladki A Lee J Ramirez Pinilla M Renjifo J Urbina N Vazquez Diaz J Cisneros Heredia D F Gonzales L Catenazzi A Nogueira C Schargel W Rivas G amp Murphy J 2019 Oxybelis aeneus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T198390A2523934 https dx doi org 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 3 RLTS T198390A2523934 en Accessed on 19 September 2022 Oxybelis aeneus The Reptile Database a b c d e Boulenger G A 1896 Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum Natural History Volume III Containing the Colubridae Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae London Trustees of the British Museum Natural History Taylor and Francis printers xiv 727 pp Plates I XXV Oxybelis argenteus pp 190 191 a b c d Wright A H Wright A A 1957 Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada Ithaca and London Comstock 1 105 pp in 2 volumes Oxybelis aeneus auratus pp 563 565 569 Figure 167 Map 44 a b c Smith H M Brodie E D Jr 1982 Reptiles of North America A Guide to Field Identification New York Golden Press 240 pp ISBN 0 307 13666 3 paperback Oxybelis aeneus pp 188 189 Brennan Thomas C Brown Vine Snake Oxybelis aeneus Online Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona Retrieved 2009 06 25 Brennan Thomas C Brown Vine Snake Oxybelis aeneus Online Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona Retrieved 2023 01 30 Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake PDF Sta uwi edu Retrieved 9 April 2022 Goldberg S R 1998 Reproduction in the Mexican vine snake Oxybelis aeneus Texas Journal of Science 50 1 51 56 Further reading editBehler John L King F Wayne 1979 The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians New York Alfred A Knopf 743 pp ISBN 0 394 50824 6 Oxybelis aeneus pp 641 642 Boos Hans E A 2001 The Snakes of Trinidad and Tobago College Station Texas Texas A amp M University Press ISBN 1 58544 116 3 Schmidt Karl P Davis D Dwight 1941 Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada New York G P Putnam s Sons 365 pp Oxybelis microphthalmus pp 266 268 Figure 88 Stebbins Robert C 2003 A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians Third Edition The Peterson Field Guide Series Boston and New York Houghton Mifflin xiii 533 pp ISBN 0 395 98272 3 Oxybelis aeneus pp 402 403 Plate 47 Map 144 Wagler Jean sic 1824 Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae ou histoire naturelle des especes nouvelles de serpens recueillies et observees pendant le voyage dans l interieur du Bresil dans les annees 1817 1818 1819 1820 execute par ordre de sa Majeste le Roi de Baviere In Spix Jean de sic 1824 Animalia nova sive species novae Munich F S Hubbschmann viii 75 pp Plates I XXVI Dryinus aeneus new species pp 12 13 Plate III in Latin and French Zim Herbert S Smith Hobart M 1956 Reptiles and Amphibians A Guide to Familiar Species A Golden Nature Guide New York Simon and Schuster 160 pp Oxybelis aeneus pp 82 84 156 External links editOxybelis aeneus eating a rosebelly lizard Sceloporus variabilis Species Oxybelis aeneus at The Reptile Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oxybelis aeneus amp oldid 1217154576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
