Bristol Byzantine
Bristol Byzantine is a variety of Byzantine Revival architecture that was popular in the city of Bristol from about 1850 to 1880.
Many buildings in the style have been destroyed or demolished, but notable surviving examples include the Colston Hall,[1] the Granary on Welsh Back, the Carriage Works[2] on Stokes Croft and several of the buildings around Victoria Street. Several of the warehouses around the harbour have survived including the Arnolfini, which now houses an art gallery.[3] Clarks Wood Company warehouse[4] and the St Vincent's Works[5] in Silverthorne Lane and the Wool Hall[6] in St Thomas Street are other survivors from the 19th century.
Style
Bristol Byzantine has influences from Byzantine and Moorish architecture applied mainly to industrial buildings such as warehouses and factories.
The style is characterised by a robust and simple outline, materials with character and coloured polychrome brickwork including red, yellow, black and white brick primarily from the Cattybrook Brickpit.
Several buildings included archways and upper floors unified through either horizontal or vertical grouping of window openings.[7]
The first building with some of the characteristics generally thought of a Bristol Byzantine is Bush House, which is now known as the Arnolfini a 19th-century Grade II* listed[3] tea warehouse situated on the side of the Floating Harbour in Bristol city centre. The architect was Richard Shackleton Pope, who constructed first the south part of the warehouse (1831) then extended it to the north in 1835–36. It has a rock-faced plinth, three storeys of rectangular windows recessed within tall round arches, and a shallow attic.[8]
The style may have come about as a result of an acquaintance between William Venn Gough and Archibald Ponton, who designed the Granary and John Addington Symonds the Bristol-born historian of the Italian Renaissance. The term Bristol Byzantine is thought to have been invented by Sir John Summerson.[9]
Browns Restaurant
Victoria Court
Robinsons Warehouse
Granary
The Arnolfini arts centre, the first example of the Bristol Byzantine style.
Architects
- R. Milverton Drake
- John Foster
- William Bruce Gingell
- Edward William Godwin
- William Venn Gough
- John Henry Hirst
- Thomas Royse Lysaght
- Archibald Ponton
- Richard Shackleton Pope
Examples of buildings in the Byzantine architecture style
- 35 King Street (c. 1870)
- Brown's Restaurant (1871)
- Carriage Works (1862)
- Clarks Wood Company warehouse (1863)
- Colston Hall (1860s)
- Former Gardiners offices (1865–1867)
- Gardiners warehouse (1865)
- Granary, Bristol (1869)
- Robinson's Warehouse (1874)
- St Vincent's Works
- Warehouse premises of Hardware (Bristol) Limited (1882)
- Wool Hall, Bristol (1830)
- Arnolfini (1831)
References in modern culture
- "Bristol Byzantine" is the name of a track by The Blue Aeroplanes on their 2006 album Altitude.
See also
References
- ^ "The Colston Hall". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
- ^ "No.104 The Carriage Works". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2 May 2007.
- ^ a b "Bush House". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 18 August 2006.
- ^ "Clarks Wood Company warehouse". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
- ^ "St Vincent's Works and attached front area railings". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2 May 2007.
- ^ "No.12 The Wool Hall, including the Fleece and Firkin Public House". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
- ^ . Looking at Buildings. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ "Bush House". Looking at Buildings. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
- ^ Brace, Keith (1996). Portrait of Bristol. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 0-7091-5435-6.