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Bright Hill MRT station

February 19, 2023

Bright Hill MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson–East Coast line (TEL). Situated along Sin Ming Avenue in western Bishan, Singapore, it serves various residential estates around the station. It also serves landmarks such as Peirce Secondary School, Ai Tong School, Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park and the Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery.

 TE7  CR13 
Bright Hill
光明山
பிரைட் ஹில்
Bright Hill
Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station
View of the station platform and concourse
General information
Location100 Sin Ming Avenue
Singapore 575737
Coordinates1°21′50″N 103°50′05″E / 1.36384°N 103.834748°E / 1.36384; 103.834748Coordinates: 1°21′50″N 103°50′05″E / 1.36384°N 103.834748°E / 1.36384; 103.834748
Owned byLand Transport Authority
Operated bySMRT Trains Ltd (SMRT Corporation) (Thomson-East Coast line)
Line(s)
  Thomson–East Coast Line
  Cross Island Line
Platforms4 (1 island platform, 2 U/C)
Tracks2
Construction
Structure typeUnderground
Depth20m
Platform levels5 (3 U/C)
ParkingYes
Bicycle facilitiesYes
Disabled accessYes
History
Opened28 August 2021; 17 months ago (2021-08-28) (Thomson-East Coast line)
Opening2030; 7 years' time (2030) (Cross Island line)
ElectrifiedYes
Previous namesSin Ming, Bishan Park[1][2]
Services
Location
Bright Hill
Bright Hill station in Singapore

First announced as Sin Ming MRT station in August 2012, the station was constructed as part of TEL Phase 2 (TEL 2). Since the station was built in a heavily developed area, the bored piles were installed using specialised machinery due to hard granite at the site. In January 2019, it was announced that the station will become an interchange with the future Cross Island line (CRL).

After delays, Bright Hill station opened on 28 August 2021 along with the TEL 2 stations. Bright Hill station, a Civil Defence (CD) shelter, is 20 metres (66 ft) deep and has four entrances. An Art-in-Transit artwork, A Kaleidoscope Nature by Angie Seah, is featured at this station.

History

Thomson–East Coast line

The station was first announced as Sin Ming station as part of the 22-station Thomson line (TSL) on 29 August 2012.[3][4] In February 2014, the contract for the station's construction was awarded to Penta Ocean Construction Co. Ltd. The S$454 million (US$362.8 million) contract included building the associated tunnels. The station's construction began in 2014, with a scheduled completion date of 2020.[5][6]

On 15 August 2014, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) announced that the TSL would merge with the Eastern Region line to form the Thomson–East Coast line (TEL). Bright Hill station, along the proposed line, would be constructed as part of TEL 2, consisting of six stations between Springleaf and Caldecott.[7][8]

To install the bored piles that would be part of the earth-retaining stabilising structure, specialised machinery was used due to the hard granite rocks at the site. The structure was needed for soil retention and to facilitate underground excavation works.[9][10] The roads above the station needed to be diverted several times. Barriers were installed to minimise noise pollution, and workers draped noise curtains on heavy machinery.[11] For the soft soil and loose sand at the ground underneath Inglewood Estate and Kallang River, soil strengthening works took place before the tunnels were bored.[9] The foundation of a residential building had to be strengthened for safety when tunnelling works commenced underneath the building.[12]

With restrictions imposed on construction due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the TEL 2 completion date was pushed to 2021.[13] On 14 December 2020, it was further announced that the opening of TEL 2 was delayed to the third quarter of 2021 so the rail system software for the line could be reviewed.[14][15][16] As announced during a visit by Transport Minister S. Iswaran at Caldecott station on 30 June 2021,[17] the station began operations on 28 August 2021.[18]

 
Exit 1 of the station
 
Construction works of the TEL station in 2016
 
Exit 2 of the station

Cross Island Line Interchange

 
Soil investigation works at the CRL station site

On 25 January 2019, the LTA announced that Bright Hill station would be an interchange with the proposed CRL. The station will be constructed as the terminus of Phase 1 (CRL1), which will contain 12 stations and operate to Aviation Park. CRL1 was expected to be completed in 2029.[19][20][21] However, the restrictions imposed on construction works due to the COVID-19 pandemic led to delays and the CRL1 completion date was pushed by one year to 2030.[22]

The contract for the design and construction of the CRL station and associated tunnels was awarded to Penta Ocean Construction Co. Ltd. at S$526 million (US$392.54 million) on 30 March 2022. Concurrent with construction works, Sin Ming Avenue will be pedestrianised to establish a Transit Priority Corridor along the road, which will include new cycling paths and bus lanes.[23] Construction is scheduled to start in the second quarter of 2022, with an expected completion date of 2030.[24][25]

Station details

Bright Hill station serves the Thomson–East Coast line (TEL) and is between the Mayflower and Upper Thomson stations. The official station code is TE7.[26] Being part of the TEL, the station is operated by SMRT Trains.[27] Train frequencies on the TEL range from 5 to 9 minutes.[28] The station will be the terminus of CRL1, with the adjacent station being Teck Ghee.[29] The station has four entrances and serves various landmarks such as Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Bright Hill Columbarium and Crematorium and the Kong Meng San Temple. Schools surrounding the station include Eunoia Junior College, Ai Tong School and Peirce Secondary School.[30][31]

The station is 240 metres (790 ft) long and 20 metres (66 ft) deep.[9] Designated as a CD shelter, Bright Hill station's interior is designed to accommodate up to 6,000 people in emergencies. It has a reinforced structure with blast doors. During a chemical attack, the air vents of the station can be shut to prevent the circulation of toxic gases. The CD shelter has dedicated cubicles for chemical decontamination alongside dry toilets.[32]

The station roof over the platform level has a wave-like pattern that references the nearby Kallang River. The gaps in the ceiling are intended to reflect crown shyness, a natural phenomenon in which the crowns of the trees avoid touching each other.[33] An Art-in-Transit artwork, A Kaleidoscopic Nature by Angie Seah, is displayed on the station's lift shaft.[34] Depicting colours and patterns derived from plants at the nearby park, the work was created using gouache, watercolour, acrylic paints, inks and markers.[33]

References

  1. ^ "LTA | News Room | News Releases | Public Poll for Thomson Line Station Names". LTA. from the original on 25 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  2. ^ "LTA | News Room | News Releases | Thomson Line Station Names Finalised". LTA. from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  3. ^ Sim, Royston (29 August 2012). . The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  4. ^ . Channel NewsAsia (CNA). 30 August 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  5. ^ "LTA Awards Three Contracts for Thomson Line's Sin Ming, Havelock and Marina Bay Stations". LTA. 21 February 2014. from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  6. ^ Sim, Royston (13 February 2020). "LTA awards three Thomson MRT Line contracts worth $1.09 billion, Singapore News & Top Stories". The Straits Times. from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  7. ^ . LTA. 19 August 2014. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  8. ^ . LTA. 13 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  9. ^ a b c "LTA | News Room | News Releases | Factsheet: Bright Hill Station". LTA. from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  10. ^ "'More than a day to bore through 10cm of rock': Making Stage 2 of the Thomson-East Coast Line a reality". CNA. 16 August 2021. from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  11. ^ Wei, Toh Ting (16 August 2021). "Treading a fine line in building Thomson-East Coast Line stations". The Straits Times. from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  12. ^ "Factsheet: Progress Update on Thomson-East Coast Line Stage 2". LTA. 17 January 2020. from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  13. ^ "Second stage of Thomson-East Coast Line to open early 2021 after delays due to COVID-19: Ong Ye Kung". CNA. 4 September 2020. from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  14. ^ Ho, Grace (14 December 2020). "Stage 2 of Thomson-East Coast Line to be delayed by another six months to Q3 2021: LTA". The Straits Times. from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  15. ^ "Stage 2 of Thomson-East Coast Line to be delayed by another six months". The Business Times. 14 December 2020. from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  16. ^ "Second stage of Thomson-East Coast Line further delayed to third quarter next year". CNA. 14 December 2020. from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  17. ^ Abdullah, Zhaki (30 June 2021). "Second stage of Thomson-East Coast Line to begin operations on Aug 28". CNA. from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  18. ^ Begum, Shabana (28 August 2021). "Commuters on first trains at new TEL2 stations reminisce about inaugural 1980s MRT rides". The Straits Times. from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  19. ^ . 5 March 2020. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  20. ^ Tan, Christopher (5 March 2020). "First phase of Cross Island MRT line finalised; will have 12 stations, Transport News & Top Stories – The Straits Times". The Straits Times. from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  21. ^ "First phase of Cross Island Line to open by 2029 with 12 stations – CNA". Channel NewsAsia. 5 March 2020. from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  22. ^ "Written Reply by Minister for Transport Ong Ye Kung to Parliamentary Question on Updates on Thomson East Coast Line, Jurong Region Line and Cross Island Line". Ministry of Transport. from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  23. ^ "Construction of Bright Hill interchange station on Cross Island Line to start second quarter of 2022". CNA. 30 March 2022. from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  24. ^ "Last Civil Contract for Cross Island Line Phase 1 Awarded". LTA. 30 March 2022. from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  25. ^ Lee, Nian Tjoe (30 March 2022). "LTA awards $526m contract for Bright Hill interchange and tunnels under Cross Island Line Phase 1". The Straits Times. from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  26. ^ "MRT System Map" (PDF). LTA. (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  27. ^ "Getting Around – Public Transport – Rail Network". LTA. from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  28. ^ Toh, Ting Wei (27 August 2021). "Thomson-East Coast Line stage two opens on Aug 28; trains to arrive every five minutes at peak hours". The Straits Times. from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  29. ^ (PDF). LTA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  30. ^ "Bright Hill – Exits". SMRT Journeys. Archived from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  31. ^ (PDF). Land Transport Authority, Singapore. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  32. ^ Yong, Clement (28 August 2021). "3 new TEL train stations to serve as emergency shelters". The Straits Times. from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  33. ^ a b "Banyan trees and bulbuls: How Thomson-East Coast Line Stage 2 stations were inspired by nature". CNA. 20 August 2021. from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  34. ^ Wei, Toh Ting (20 August 2021). "Unique designs, seats with backrest among features at new Thomson-East Coast Line stations". The Straits Times. from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.

External links

  •   Media related to Bright Hill MRT Station at Wikimedia Commons

February 19, 2023
bright, hill, station, underground, mass, rapid, transit, station, thomson, east, coast, line, situated, along, ming, avenue, western, bishan, singapore, serves, various, residential, estates, around, station, also, serves, landmarks, such, peirce, secondary, . Bright Hill MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson East Coast line TEL Situated along Sin Ming Avenue in western Bishan Singapore it serves various residential estates around the station It also serves landmarks such as Peirce Secondary School Ai Tong School Bishan Ang Mo Kio Park and the Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery TE7 CR13 Bright Hill光明山 ப ர ட ஹ ல Bright HillMass Rapid Transit MRT stationView of the station platform and concourseGeneral informationLocation100 Sin Ming AvenueSingapore 575737Coordinates1 21 50 N 103 50 05 E 1 36384 N 103 834748 E 1 36384 103 834748 Coordinates 1 21 50 N 103 50 05 E 1 36384 N 103 834748 E 1 36384 103 834748Owned byLand Transport AuthorityOperated bySMRT Trains Ltd SMRT Corporation Thomson East Coast line Line s Thomson East Coast Line Cross Island LinePlatforms4 1 island platform 2 U C Tracks2ConstructionStructure typeUndergroundDepth20mPlatform levels5 3 U C ParkingYesBicycle facilitiesYesDisabled accessYesHistoryOpened28 August 2021 17 months ago 2021 08 28 Thomson East Coast line Opening2030 7 years time 2030 Cross Island line ElectrifiedYesPrevious namesSin Ming Bishan Park 1 2 ServicesPreceding station Mass Rapid Transit Following stationMayflowertowards Woodlands North Thomson East Coast Line Upper Thomsontowards Gardens by the BayTeck Gheetowards Aviation Park Cross Island LineFuture service TerminusTurf Citytowards Jurong Lake DistrictLocationBright HillBright Hill station in SingaporeFirst announced as Sin Ming MRT station in August 2012 the station was constructed as part of TEL Phase 2 TEL 2 Since the station was built in a heavily developed area the bored piles were installed using specialised machinery due to hard granite at the site In January 2019 it was announced that the station will become an interchange with the future Cross Island line CRL After delays Bright Hill station opened on 28 August 2021 along with the TEL 2 stations Bright Hill station a Civil Defence CD shelter is 20 metres 66 ft deep and has four entrances An Art in Transit artwork A Kaleidoscope Nature by Angie Seah is featured at this station Contents 1 History 1 1 Thomson East Coast line 1 2 Cross Island Line Interchange 2 Station details 3 References 4 External linksHistory EditThomson East Coast line Edit The station was first announced as Sin Ming station as part of the 22 station Thomson line TSL on 29 August 2012 3 4 In February 2014 the contract for the station s construction was awarded to Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd The S 454 million US 362 8 million contract included building the associated tunnels The station s construction began in 2014 with a scheduled completion date of 2020 5 6 On 15 August 2014 the Land Transport Authority LTA announced that the TSL would merge with the Eastern Region line to form the Thomson East Coast line TEL Bright Hill station along the proposed line would be constructed as part of TEL 2 consisting of six stations between Springleaf and Caldecott 7 8 To install the bored piles that would be part of the earth retaining stabilising structure specialised machinery was used due to the hard granite rocks at the site The structure was needed for soil retention and to facilitate underground excavation works 9 10 The roads above the station needed to be diverted several times Barriers were installed to minimise noise pollution and workers draped noise curtains on heavy machinery 11 For the soft soil and loose sand at the ground underneath Inglewood Estate and Kallang River soil strengthening works took place before the tunnels were bored 9 The foundation of a residential building had to be strengthened for safety when tunnelling works commenced underneath the building 12 With restrictions imposed on construction due to the COVID 19 pandemic the TEL 2 completion date was pushed to 2021 13 On 14 December 2020 it was further announced that the opening of TEL 2 was delayed to the third quarter of 2021 so the rail system software for the line could be reviewed 14 15 16 As announced during a visit by Transport Minister S Iswaran at Caldecott station on 30 June 2021 17 the station began operations on 28 August 2021 18 Exit 1 of the station Construction works of the TEL station in 2016 Exit 2 of the stationCross Island Line Interchange Edit Soil investigation works at the CRL station site On 25 January 2019 the LTA announced that Bright Hill station would be an interchange with the proposed CRL The station will be constructed as the terminus of Phase 1 CRL1 which will contain 12 stations and operate to Aviation Park CRL1 was expected to be completed in 2029 19 20 21 However the restrictions imposed on construction works due to the COVID 19 pandemic led to delays and the CRL1 completion date was pushed by one year to 2030 22 The contract for the design and construction of the CRL station and associated tunnels was awarded to Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd at S 526 million US 392 54 million on 30 March 2022 Concurrent with construction works Sin Ming Avenue will be pedestrianised to establish a Transit Priority Corridor along the road which will include new cycling paths and bus lanes 23 Construction is scheduled to start in the second quarter of 2022 with an expected completion date of 2030 24 25 Station details EditBright Hill station serves the Thomson East Coast line TEL and is between the Mayflower and Upper Thomson stations The official station code is TE7 26 Being part of the TEL the station is operated by SMRT Trains 27 Train frequencies on the TEL range from 5 to 9 minutes 28 The station will be the terminus of CRL1 with the adjacent station being Teck Ghee 29 The station has four entrances and serves various landmarks such as Bishan Ang Mo Kio Park Bright Hill Columbarium and Crematorium and the Kong Meng San Temple Schools surrounding the station include Eunoia Junior College Ai Tong School and Peirce Secondary School 30 31 The station is 240 metres 790 ft long and 20 metres 66 ft deep 9 Designated as a CD shelter Bright Hill station s interior is designed to accommodate up to 6 000 people in emergencies It has a reinforced structure with blast doors During a chemical attack the air vents of the station can be shut to prevent the circulation of toxic gases The CD shelter has dedicated cubicles for chemical decontamination alongside dry toilets 32 The station roof over the platform level has a wave like pattern that references the nearby Kallang River The gaps in the ceiling are intended to reflect crown shyness a natural phenomenon in which the crowns of the trees avoid touching each other 33 An Art in Transit artwork A Kaleidoscopic Nature by Angie Seah is displayed on the station s lift shaft 34 Depicting colours and patterns derived from plants at the nearby park the work was created using gouache watercolour acrylic paints inks and markers 33 References Edit LTA News Room News Releases Public Poll for Thomson Line Station Names LTA Archived from the original on 25 April 2020 Retrieved 25 April 2020 LTA News Room News Releases Thomson Line Station Names Finalised LTA Archived from the original on 6 January 2020 Retrieved 25 April 2020 Sim Royston 29 August 2012 New Thomson MRT line to open from 2019 and have 22 stations The Straits Times Archived from the original on 29 August 2012 Retrieved 30 June 2021 Thomson Line to open from 2019 with 22 stations Channel NewsAsia CNA 30 August 2012 Archived from the original on 30 August 2012 Retrieved 30 June 2021 LTA Awards Three Contracts for Thomson Line s Sin Ming Havelock and Marina Bay Stations LTA 21 February 2014 Archived from the original on 4 May 2020 Retrieved 5 October 2021 Sim Royston 13 February 2020 LTA awards three Thomson MRT Line contracts worth 1 09 billion Singapore News amp Top Stories The Straits Times Archived from the original on 13 February 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2020 Joint News Release by the Land Transport Authority amp Singapore Land Authority Thomson East Coast Line New MRT Links in the East LTA 19 August 2014 Archived from the original on 19 August 2014 Retrieved 13 February 2020 Thomson East Coast Line LTA 13 February 2020 Archived from the original on 13 February 2020 Retrieved 13 February 2020 a b c LTA News Room News Releases Factsheet Bright Hill Station LTA Archived from the original on 1 May 2020 Retrieved 7 March 2020 More than a day to bore through 10cm of rock Making Stage 2 of the Thomson East Coast Line a reality CNA 16 August 2021 Archived from the original on 28 August 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2021 Wei Toh Ting 16 August 2021 Treading a fine line in building Thomson East Coast Line stations The Straits Times Archived from the original on 28 August 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2021 Factsheet Progress Update on Thomson East Coast Line Stage 2 LTA 17 January 2020 Archived from the original on 3 October 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2021 Second stage of Thomson East Coast Line to open early 2021 after delays due to COVID 19 Ong Ye Kung CNA 4 September 2020 Archived from the original on 13 September 2020 Retrieved 4 September 2020 Ho Grace 14 December 2020 Stage 2 of Thomson East Coast Line to be delayed by another six months to Q3 2021 LTA The Straits Times Archived from the original on 17 December 2020 Retrieved 14 December 2020 Stage 2 of Thomson East Coast Line to be delayed by another six months The Business Times 14 December 2020 Archived from the original on 17 December 2020 Retrieved 17 December 2020 Second stage of Thomson East Coast Line further delayed to third quarter next year CNA 14 December 2020 Archived from the original on 17 December 2020 Retrieved 17 December 2020 Abdullah Zhaki 30 June 2021 Second stage of Thomson East Coast Line to begin operations on Aug 28 CNA Archived from the original on 30 June 2021 Retrieved 30 June 2021 Begum Shabana 28 August 2021 Commuters on first trains at new TEL2 stations reminisce about inaugural 1980s MRT rides The Straits Times Archived from the original on 28 August 2021 Retrieved 29 August 2021 LTA News Room News Releases Joint News Release by the Land Transport Authority LTA amp SLA Cross Island Line 1 New Links by 2029 5 March 2020 Archived from the original on 5 March 2020 Retrieved 5 March 2020 Tan Christopher 5 March 2020 First phase of Cross Island MRT line finalised will have 12 stations Transport News amp Top Stories The Straits Times The Straits Times Archived from the original on 25 January 2019 Retrieved 5 March 2020 First phase of Cross Island Line to open by 2029 with 12 stations CNA Channel NewsAsia 5 March 2020 Archived from the original on 25 January 2019 Retrieved 5 March 2020 Written Reply by Minister for Transport Ong Ye Kung to Parliamentary Question on Updates on Thomson East Coast Line Jurong Region Line and Cross Island Line Ministry of Transport Archived from the original on 17 May 2021 Retrieved 17 May 2021 Construction of Bright Hill interchange station on Cross Island Line to start second quarter of 2022 CNA 30 March 2022 Archived from the original on 31 March 2022 Retrieved 31 March 2022 Last Civil Contract for Cross Island Line Phase 1 Awarded LTA 30 March 2022 Archived from the original on 31 March 2022 Retrieved 30 March 2022 Lee Nian Tjoe 30 March 2022 LTA awards 526m contract for Bright Hill interchange and tunnels under Cross Island Line Phase 1 The Straits Times Archived from the original on 31 March 2022 Retrieved 31 March 2022 MRT System Map PDF LTA Archived PDF from the original on 3 September 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2021 Getting Around Public Transport Rail Network LTA Archived from the original on 1 November 2019 Retrieved 27 April 2021 Toh Ting Wei 27 August 2021 Thomson East Coast Line stage two opens on Aug 28 trains to arrive every five minutes at peak hours The Straits Times Archived from the original on 28 August 2021 Retrieved 29 August 2021 Future System Map PDF LTA Archived from the original PDF on 9 September 2020 Retrieved 9 September 2020 Bright Hill Exits SMRT Journeys Archived from the original on 28 September 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2021 TEL Location Maps PDF Land Transport Authority Singapore Archived from the original PDF on 19 March 2015 Retrieved 3 August 2015 Yong Clement 28 August 2021 3 new TEL train stations to serve as emergency shelters The Straits Times Archived from the original on 5 October 2021 Retrieved 5 October 2021 a b Banyan trees and bulbuls How Thomson East Coast Line Stage 2 stations were inspired by nature CNA 20 August 2021 Archived from the original on 28 August 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2021 Wei Toh Ting 20 August 2021 Unique designs seats with backrest among features at new Thomson East Coast Line stations The Straits Times Archived from the original on 28 August 2021 Retrieved 3 October 2021 External links Edit Media related to Bright Hill MRT Station at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bright Hill MRT station amp oldid 1135355673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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