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Boulevard du Temple

The Boulevard du Temple, formerly nicknamed the "Boulevard du Crime", is a thoroughfare in Paris that separates the 3rd arrondissement from the 11th. It runs from the Place de la République to the Place Pasdeloup, and its name refers to the nearby Knights Templars' Temple, where they established their Paris priory.

Boulevard du Temple
Shown within Paris
Length405 m (1,329 ft)
Width36.5 m (120 ft)
Arrondissement3rd, 11th
QuarterFolie-Méricourt Enfants-Rouges
Coordinates48°51′47.84″N 2°21′59.43″E / 48.8632889°N 2.3665083°E / 48.8632889; 2.3665083Coordinates: 48°51′47.84″N 2°21′59.43″E / 48.8632889°N 2.3665083°E / 48.8632889; 2.3665083
FromPlace de la République
ToPlace Pasdeloup
Construction
Completion1656
DenominationTemple

History

The Boulevard du Temple follows the path of the city wall constructed by Charles V (the so-called Enceinte, constructed between 1356 and 1383) and demolished under Louis XIV. The boulevard, lined with trees, was built between 1656 and 1705.

From the time of Louis XVI (1774–1792) until the July Monarchy in 1830, the Boulevard du Temple was popular and fashionable. It was a place for walking and recreation. Cafés and theatres previously located at the Saint-Laurent and Saint-Germain fairs moved here. After a time, it was nicknamed the Boulevard du Crime after the crime melodramas that were so popular in its many theatres. In 1782, Philippe Curtius, Madame Tussaud's tutor in wax modelling, opened his second exhibition on this Boulevard.

On this boulevard, on 28 July 1835, Giuseppe Fieschi made an attempt on the life of the king, Louis-Philippe. The attempt failed, but it resulted in 18 dead and 23 injured. Gustave Flaubert spent several months each winter at 42, boulevard du Temple from 1856 to 1869.

A photograph of this street was taken in 1838 by Louis Daguerre from high in his 350-seat Diorama Building at 4, Rue Sanson, where it intersected with the Rue des Marais, and which from the rear looked out roughly southwards over the rooftops towards Boulevard du Temple (since demolished, the place where it stood is at the south side of Rue Léon Jouhaux just off the north corner of Place de la République).[1] The image is one of the earlier Daguerreotypes (invented 1837), and it is thus believed to be the earliest surviving photograph showing a person.[2] A man stopped to have his shoes shined, and by remaining still, he (though not his head) unwittingly became captured on the plate, while all the other traffic rushing through the street vanished from the image due to the long time of exposure. The exposure of this shot was 4 to 5 minutes.[3]

The transformations of Paris by Baron Haussmann radically modified this part of Le Marais; today, only the Théâtre Déjazet remains of the late 18th century theatres; half of them were demolished for the enlargement of the Place de la République.

Theatres

 
The theatres of the boulevard du Temple (ca. 1862)[4]

The history of the names of the theatres at various sites on the boulevard du Temple is summarized in the following list. Unless otherwise noted the names and dates are from Lecomte,[5] and the street addresses are based on the 1861 Paris guide of Lehaguez.[6]

  • 1759: Théâtre de Nicolet, ou des Grands Danseurs
    • moved across the street to 58 boulevard du Temple in 1764[7]
    • Grands-Danseurs du Roi (acquired this name in 1772)
    • Théâtre de la Gaîté (acquired this name in 1792)
    • rebuilt in 1808 and 1835 after a fire
    • The company relocated to the rue Papin in 1862.
    • The building on the boulevard du Temple was demolished sometime thereafter.
  • 1769: Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique of Nicolas-Médard Audinot
    • located at 62 boulevard du Temple[8]
    • destroyed by fire in 1827 (relocated to 2 boulevard Saint-Martin)
    • replaced by the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques (1st, 1831)
    • expropriated in 1862
  • 1774: Théâtre des Associés
    • located at 52 boulevard du Temple[9]
    • Théâtre Amusements-Comiques (1787)
    • Théâtre Patriotique (1790)
    • Théâtre Sans-Prétention (1797)
    • Closed in 1807 by Napoleon's decree on the theatres, it became the Café d'Apollon.
    • Théâtre de Madame Saqui (1816)[10]
    • Théâtre du Temple (1832, a vaudeville house run by Roux, dit Dorsay)[11]
    • Théâtre des Délassements-Comiques (3rd, 1841, this company relocated to the rue de Provence in 1862)
    • Théâtre du boulevard du Temple (1862, for two weeks in July, relocated to the Théâtre Lyrique, reopening with the name Théâtre Historique)
    • The building on this site was later demolished.
  • 1779: Théâtre des Élèves pour la Danse de l'Opéra
    • probably located at 48 boulevard du Temple[12]
    • Lycée-Dramatique (1791)
    • Théâtre Lazzari (1st, 1792, also spelled Lazari or Lazary)
    • Théâtre Français du boulevard (1793)
    • Théâtre des Variétés-Amusantes (2nd, 1793)
    • destroyed by fire in 1798
  • 1785: Théâtre des Délassements-Comiques (1st), of Plancher ('Aristide Valcour')
    • located between the Hôtel Foulon [site of the later Théâtre Historique] and the site of the later Cirque-Olympique[13]
    • Théâtre Lyri-Comique (1800)
    • Théâtre des Variétés-Amusantes (3rd, 1803)
    • Nouveaux Troubadours (1805)
    • Closed in 1807 by Napoleon's decree on the theatres, most of the building was demolished except for the entry hall, which continued to be used for exhibiting trained dogs and monkeys performing tricks.[14]
  • 1787: Théâtre des Bluettes comiques et lyriques
    • Théâtre des Élèves de Thalie (1791)
  • 1787: Cabinet des figures de cire (Cabinet of wax figures), disappeared in 1847
  • 1813: Théâtre des Funambules (1st)
    • located at 54 boulevard du Temple[9]
    • The company relocated to the boulevard de Strasbourg in 1862, closing after one year.
    • The building on the boulevard du Temple was demolished on 18 July 1862.[15]
  • 1821: Théâtre Lazzari (2nd)
    • located at 50 boulevard du Temple[9]
    • Spectacle Lazzari
    • Théâtre de Petit-Lazzari
    • Théâtre Lazzari (also spelled Lazary, demolished sometime after 1862)
  • 1821: Panorama-Dramatique[16]
    • located at 48 boulevard du Temple
    • The theatre closed after 21 August 1823 and was replaced with a six-story residential building.
  • 1827: Cirque-Olympique (3rd)
    • located at 66 boulevard du Temple[17]
    • Opéra-National (1st, 1847, this company reopened at the Théâtre Historique in 1851)
    • Théâtre National du Cirque (1848)
    • Théâtre Impérial du Cirque (1853, relocated to the theatre on the Place du Châtelet in 1862)
    • The building on this site was later demolished.
  • 1846: Théâtre Historique (1st)
    • located at 72 boulevard du Temple[18]
    • Opéra-National (2nd, 1851)
    • Théâtre Lyrique (1st, 1852)
    • Théâtre Historique (2nd, 1862, name revived by the Théâtre du boulevard du Temple)
    • This building was demolished in 1863.
  • 1853: Théâtre des Folies-Concertantes
    • located at 41 boulevard du Temple,[19] on the site of the former concert-bal, the Folies-Mayer
    • Théâtre des Folies-Nouvelles (1854)
    • Théâtre Déjazet (1859)
    • Théâtre des Folies-Nouvelles (1872)
    • Théâtre Déjazet (1873)
    • Troisième Théâtre Français (1876)
    • Théâtre des Folies-Nouvelles (1880)
    • Théâtre Déjazet (1880–)

Metro stations

The Boulevard du Temple is:

Located near the Métro stationRépublique.

It is also

It is served by lines 3, 5, 8, 9, and 11.

         

References

Notes

  1. ^ R. Derek Wood ‘Daguerre and his Diorama in the 1830s: some financial announcements’, in Photoresearcher, [Journal of the European Society for the History of Photography, Croydon], March 1997, Issue Nr 6 (‘1994/95/96’), pp. 35-40
  2. ^ Newhall, Beaumont (1949), The history of photography from 1839 to the present day, Museum of Modern Art, p. 16, retrieved 26 April 2016
  3. ^ "Daguerre photo Boulevard du Temple shutter speed time".
  4. ^ Theatre names are from Galignani's New Paris Guide for 1862. See pp. 467, 469–471, at Google Books.
  5. ^ Lecomte 1905.
  6. ^ Street addresses are based on Lehaguez 1861. The street addresses of the various sites at earlier times may have differed from those in 1861. For example, Planta 1821, p. 159, gives the street address of the Théâtre de la Gaîté as 68 boulevard du Temple (instead of 58), and that of the site of the first Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique as 74 (instead of 62).
  7. ^ Goncourt and Goncourt 2005, p. 577, see also Lehaguez 1861, p. 24.
  8. ^ Colette 1983, p. 79.
  9. ^ a b c Lehaguez 1861, p. 25.
  10. ^ Madame Saqui established her theatre in 1812 in a different location on the boulevard du Temple, but received permission to move into the Café d'Apollon on 12 December 1816 (McCormick 1993, p. 35).
  11. ^ According to Lecomte 1907 (pp. 38, 54) Dorsay acquired Madame Saqui's theatre in 1830, but McCormick 1993, p. 37, gives the date as 1832.
  12. ^ Although McCormick 1993, p. 42, does not give the exact street address, he states: "In 1815 the old Lazzari theatre was rebuilt on a site adjacent to the original one." The 1815 theatre was located at number 50. In 1779, when the old Lazzari was built, the other adjacent site, number 52, was already occupied by the Théâtre des Associés, which in 1815 had become the theatre of Madame Saqui.
  13. ^ Brazier 1838, p. 65.
  14. ^ Hemmings 1994, p. 122.
  15. ^ Lust 2002, p. 48.
  16. ^ Chauveau 1999, pp. 451–454.
  17. ^ Lehaguez 1861, p. 24.
  18. ^ Lehaguez 1861, p. 22.
  19. ^ Lehaguez 1861, p. 26.

Sources

  • Brazier, [Nicolas] (1838). Histoire des petits théâtres de Paris, new edition, volume one. Paris: Allardin. View at Google Books.
  • Chauveau, Philippe (1999). Les théâtres parisiens disparus, 1402–1986. Paris: Éditions de l'Amandier. ISBN 978-2-907649-30-8.
  • Colette, Marie-Noëlle (1983). La Musique à Paris en 1830-1831. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale. ISBN 978-2-7177-1656-6.
  • Goncourt, Edmond de; Goncourt, Jules de (2005). Journal des Goncourt, volume 1: 1851–1857. Paris: H. Champion. ISBN 978-2-7453-1195-5.
  • Hemmings, F. W. J. (1994). Theatre and State in France, 1760–1905. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-00042-3. ISBN 978-0-521-03472-2 (2006 paperback reprint).
  • Lecomte, Louis-Henry (1905). Histoire des théâtres 1402–1904. Notice préliminaire. Paris: Daragon. View at Google Books.
  • Lehaguez, M. (1861). Le nouveau Paris et ses environs. Guide de l'étranger. Paris: A. Lehaguez. View at Google Books.
  • Lust, Annette Bercut (2002). From the Greek Mimes to Marcel Marceau and Beyond. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4593-0.
  • McCormick, John (1993). Popular Theatres of Nineteenth Century France. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08854-1.
  • Planta, Edward (1821). A New Picture of Paris; or, The Stranger's Guide to the French Metropolis. London: Samuel Lee and Baldwin, Craddock. View at Google Books.
  • Some of the information on this page has been translated from its French equivalent.

boulevard, temple, formerly, nicknamed, boulevard, crime, thoroughfare, paris, that, separates, arrondissement, from, 11th, runs, from, place, république, place, pasdeloup, name, refers, nearby, knights, templars, temple, where, they, established, their, paris. The Boulevard du Temple formerly nicknamed the Boulevard du Crime is a thoroughfare in Paris that separates the 3rd arrondissement from the 11th It runs from the Place de la Republique to the Place Pasdeloup and its name refers to the nearby Knights Templars Temple where they established their Paris priory Boulevard du TempleShown within ParisLength405 m 1 329 ft Width36 5 m 120 ft Arrondissement3rd 11thQuarterFolie Mericourt Enfants RougesCoordinates48 51 47 84 N 2 21 59 43 E 48 8632889 N 2 3665083 E 48 8632889 2 3665083 Coordinates 48 51 47 84 N 2 21 59 43 E 48 8632889 N 2 3665083 E 48 8632889 2 3665083FromPlace de la RepubliqueToPlace PasdeloupConstructionCompletion1656DenominationTemple Contents 1 History 2 Theatres 3 Metro stations 4 ReferencesHistory EditSee also Boulevard du Crime The earliest photograph of the Boulevard du Temple is by Louis Daguerre 1838 The Boulevard du Temple follows the path of the city wall constructed by Charles V the so called Enceinte constructed between 1356 and 1383 and demolished under Louis XIV The boulevard lined with trees was built between 1656 and 1705 From the time of Louis XVI 1774 1792 until the July Monarchy in 1830 the Boulevard du Temple was popular and fashionable It was a place for walking and recreation Cafes and theatres previously located at the Saint Laurent and Saint Germain fairs moved here After a time it was nicknamed the Boulevard du Crime after the crime melodramas that were so popular in its many theatres In 1782 Philippe Curtius Madame Tussaud s tutor in wax modelling opened his second exhibition on this Boulevard On this boulevard on 28 July 1835 Giuseppe Fieschi made an attempt on the life of the king Louis Philippe The attempt failed but it resulted in 18 dead and 23 injured Gustave Flaubert spent several months each winter at 42 boulevard du Temple from 1856 to 1869 A photograph of this street was taken in 1838 by Louis Daguerre from high in his 350 seat Diorama Building at 4 Rue Sanson where it intersected with the Rue des Marais and which from the rear looked out roughly southwards over the rooftops towards Boulevard du Temple since demolished the place where it stood is at the south side of Rue Leon Jouhaux just off the north corner of Place de la Republique 1 The image is one of the earlier Daguerreotypes invented 1837 and it is thus believed to be the earliest surviving photograph showing a person 2 A man stopped to have his shoes shined and by remaining still he though not his head unwittingly became captured on the plate while all the other traffic rushing through the street vanished from the image due to the long time of exposure The exposure of this shot was 4 to 5 minutes 3 The transformations of Paris by Baron Haussmann radically modified this part of Le Marais today only the Theatre Dejazet remains of the late 18th century theatres half of them were demolished for the enlargement of the Place de la Republique Theatres Edit The theatres of the boulevard du Temple ca 1862 4 The history of the names of the theatres at various sites on the boulevard du Temple is summarized in the following list Unless otherwise noted the names and dates are from Lecomte 5 and the street addresses are based on the 1861 Paris guide of Lehaguez 6 1759 Theatre de Nicolet ou des Grands Danseurs moved across the street to 58 boulevard du Temple in 1764 7 Grands Danseurs du Roi acquired this name in 1772 Theatre de la Gaite acquired this name in 1792 rebuilt in 1808 and 1835 after a fire The company relocated to the rue Papin in 1862 The building on the boulevard du Temple was demolished sometime thereafter 1769 Theatre de l Ambigu Comique of Nicolas Medard Audinot located at 62 boulevard du Temple 8 destroyed by fire in 1827 relocated to 2 boulevard Saint Martin replaced by the Theatre des Folies Dramatiques 1st 1831 expropriated in 1862 1774 Theatre des Associes located at 52 boulevard du Temple 9 Theatre Amusements Comiques 1787 Theatre Patriotique 1790 Theatre Sans Pretention 1797 Closed in 1807 by Napoleon s decree on the theatres it became the Cafe d Apollon Theatre de Madame Saqui 1816 10 Theatre du Temple 1832 a vaudeville house run by Roux dit Dorsay 11 Theatre des Delassements Comiques 3rd 1841 this company relocated to the rue de Provence in 1862 Theatre du boulevard du Temple 1862 for two weeks in July relocated to the Theatre Lyrique reopening with the name Theatre Historique The building on this site was later demolished 1779 Theatre des Eleves pour la Danse de l Opera probably located at 48 boulevard du Temple 12 Lycee Dramatique 1791 Theatre Lazzari 1st 1792 also spelled Lazari or Lazary Theatre Francais du boulevard 1793 Theatre des Varietes Amusantes 2nd 1793 destroyed by fire in 1798 1785 Theatre des Delassements Comiques 1st of Plancher Aristide Valcour located between the Hotel Foulon site of the later Theatre Historique and the site of the later Cirque Olympique 13 Theatre Lyri Comique 1800 Theatre des Varietes Amusantes 3rd 1803 Nouveaux Troubadours 1805 Closed in 1807 by Napoleon s decree on the theatres most of the building was demolished except for the entry hall which continued to be used for exhibiting trained dogs and monkeys performing tricks 14 1787 Theatre des Bluettes comiques et lyriques Theatre des Eleves de Thalie 1791 1787 Cabinet des figures de cire Cabinet of wax figures disappeared in 1847 1813 Theatre des Funambules 1st located at 54 boulevard du Temple 9 The company relocated to the boulevard de Strasbourg in 1862 closing after one year The building on the boulevard du Temple was demolished on 18 July 1862 15 1821 Theatre Lazzari 2nd located at 50 boulevard du Temple 9 Spectacle Lazzari Theatre de Petit Lazzari Theatre Lazzari also spelled Lazary demolished sometime after 1862 1821 Panorama Dramatique 16 located at 48 boulevard du Temple The theatre closed after 21 August 1823 and was replaced with a six story residential building 1827 Cirque Olympique 3rd located at 66 boulevard du Temple 17 Opera National 1st 1847 this company reopened at the Theatre Historique in 1851 Theatre National du Cirque 1848 Theatre Imperial du Cirque 1853 relocated to the theatre on the Place du Chatelet in 1862 The building on this site was later demolished 1846 Theatre Historique 1st located at 72 boulevard du Temple 18 Opera National 2nd 1851 Theatre Lyrique 1st 1852 Theatre Historique 2nd 1862 name revived by the Theatre du boulevard du Temple This building was demolished in 1863 1853 Theatre des Folies Concertantes located at 41 boulevard du Temple 19 on the site of the former concert bal the Folies Mayer Theatre des Folies Nouvelles 1854 Theatre Dejazet 1859 Theatre des Folies Nouvelles 1872 Theatre Dejazet 1873 Troisieme Theatre Francais 1876 Theatre des Folies Nouvelles 1880 Theatre Dejazet 1880 Metro stations EditThe Boulevard du Temple is Located near the Metro station Republique It is also Located near the Metro station Filles du Calvaire It is served by lines 3 5 8 9 and 11 References EditNotes R Derek Wood Daguerre and his Diorama in the 1830s some financial announcements in Photoresearcher Journal of the European Society for the History of Photography Croydon March 1997 Issue Nr 6 1994 95 96 pp 35 40 Newhall Beaumont 1949 The history of photography from 1839 to the present day Museum of Modern Art p 16 retrieved 26 April 2016 Daguerre photo Boulevard du Temple shutter speed time Theatre names are from Galignani s New Paris Guide for 1862 See pp 467 469 471 at Google Books Lecomte 1905 Street addresses are based on Lehaguez 1861 The street addresses of the various sites at earlier times may have differed from those in 1861 For example Planta 1821 p 159 gives the street address of the Theatre de la Gaite as 68 boulevard du Temple instead of 58 and that of the site of the first Theatre de l Ambigu Comique as 74 instead of 62 Goncourt and Goncourt 2005 p 577 see also Lehaguez 1861 p 24 Colette 1983 p 79 a b c Lehaguez 1861 p 25 Madame Saqui established her theatre in 1812 in a different location on the boulevard du Temple but received permission to move into the Cafe d Apollon on 12 December 1816 McCormick 1993 p 35 According to Lecomte 1907 pp 38 54 Dorsay acquired Madame Saqui s theatre in 1830 but McCormick 1993 p 37 gives the date as 1832 Although McCormick 1993 p 42 does not give the exact street address he states In 1815 the old Lazzari theatre was rebuilt on a site adjacent to the original one The 1815 theatre was located at number 50 In 1779 when the old Lazzari was built the other adjacent site number 52 was already occupied by the Theatre des Associes which in 1815 had become the theatre of Madame Saqui Brazier 1838 p 65 Hemmings 1994 p 122 Lust 2002 p 48 Chauveau 1999 pp 451 454 Lehaguez 1861 p 24 Lehaguez 1861 p 22 Lehaguez 1861 p 26 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boulevard du Temple Paris Sources Brazier Nicolas 1838 Histoire des petits theatres de Paris new edition volume one Paris Allardin View at Google Books Chauveau Philippe 1999 Les theatres parisiens disparus 1402 1986 Paris Editions de l Amandier ISBN 978 2 907649 30 8 Colette Marie Noelle 1983 La Musique a Paris en 1830 1831 Paris Bibliotheque Nationale ISBN 978 2 7177 1656 6 Goncourt Edmond de Goncourt Jules de 2005 Journal des Goncourt volume 1 1851 1857 Paris H Champion ISBN 978 2 7453 1195 5 Hemmings F W J 1994 Theatre and State in France 1760 1905 New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 511 00042 3 ISBN 978 0 521 03472 2 2006 paperback reprint Lecomte Louis Henry 1905 Histoire des theatres 1402 1904 Notice preliminaire Paris Daragon View at Google Books Lehaguez M 1861 Le nouveau Paris et ses environs Guide de l etranger Paris A Lehaguez View at Google Books Lust Annette Bercut 2002 From the Greek Mimes to Marcel Marceau and Beyond Lanham Maryland Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 4593 0 McCormick John 1993 Popular Theatres of Nineteenth Century France New York Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 08854 1 Planta Edward 1821 A New Picture of Paris or The Stranger s Guide to the French Metropolis London Samuel Lee and Baldwin Craddock View at Google Books Some of the information on this page has been translated from its French equivalent Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Boulevard du Temple amp oldid 1146534747, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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