Bonelliidae is a family of marine worms (Subclass Echiura, of the class Polychaeta, in the phylum Annelida) noted for being sexually dimorphic, with males being tiny in comparison with the females. They occupy burrows in the seabed in many parts of the world's oceans, often at great depths.
Members of the class Echiura are plump, unsegmented worms, commonly known as spoonworms. The mouth is at the anterior end of the trunk and a flattened proboscis extends forward in front of the mouth. The ventral side of the proboscis has a ciliated channel along which food particles and mucus are moved towards the mouth. Close behind the mouth are two hooked chaetae and one or two nephridial pores. The gut is much longer than the body and is folded and coiled inside the coelom (body cavity). The anus is at the posterior end of the body and two anal vesicles with ciliated funnels open into the cloaca.[2]
In the family Bonelliidae, the females are very much larger than the dwarf males, and in most, if not all, instances the males live on or inside the female. The anal vesicles of the females are sac-like and bear the ciliated funnels on tubules, which branch in most genera. Some genera lack the hooked chaetae behind the mouth, and none of the genera have chaetae at the posterior end of the trunk.[2] Most genera contain the pigment bonellin which gives them a green colour and may have antibiotic or defensive properties.[3]
Males are quite different in appearance; the minute, ciliated body consists of little except a gonad, a seminal vesicle and two protonephridia. In most species, the male is found inside the genital sac of the female. The sex of a bonelliid spoonworm depends where the planktoniclarva settles. If it settles on an adult worm of its own species, it develops into a dwarf male, but if it settles anywhere else, it develops into a full-size female.[3]
Distribution and habitatEdit
Members of this family live in both warm and cold seas at a range of depths, with 60% of species living deeper than 3,000 m (10,000 ft) and some at abyssal depths greater than 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The worms inhabit burrows they dig in soft sediment, extending the flattened proboscis from the burrow along the surface of the sediment.[3]
^ abHayward, Peter J.; Ryland, John Stanley (2017). Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 275–276. ISBN978-0-19-954944-3.
^ abcRuppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition. Cengage Learning. pp. 490–494. ISBN978-81-315-0104-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
October 15, 2023
bonelliidae, family, marine, worms, subclass, echiura, class, polychaeta, phylum, annelida, noted, being, sexually, dimorphic, with, males, being, tiny, comparison, with, females, they, occupy, burrows, seabed, many, parts, world, oceans, often, great, depths,. Bonelliidae is a family of marine worms Subclass Echiura of the class Polychaeta in the phylum Annelida noted for being sexually dimorphic with males being tiny in comparison with the females They occupy burrows in the seabed in many parts of the world s oceans often at great depths BonelliidaeBonellia viridis adult female Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum AnnelidaClass PolychaetaSubclass EchiuraOrder EchiuroideaSuborder BonelliidaFamily BonelliidaeLacaze Duthiers 1858 1 Genera 1 see text Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Genera 4 See also 5 ReferencesCharacteristics EditMembers of the class Echiura are plump unsegmented worms commonly known as spoonworms The mouth is at the anterior end of the trunk and a flattened proboscis extends forward in front of the mouth The ventral side of the proboscis has a ciliated channel along which food particles and mucus are moved towards the mouth Close behind the mouth are two hooked chaetae and one or two nephridial pores The gut is much longer than the body and is folded and coiled inside the coelom body cavity The anus is at the posterior end of the body and two anal vesicles with ciliated funnels open into the cloaca 2 In the family Bonelliidae the females are very much larger than the dwarf males and in most if not all instances the males live on or inside the female The anal vesicles of the females are sac like and bear the ciliated funnels on tubules which branch in most genera Some genera lack the hooked chaetae behind the mouth and none of the genera have chaetae at the posterior end of the trunk 2 Most genera contain the pigment bonellin which gives them a green colour and may have antibiotic or defensive properties 3 Males are quite different in appearance the minute ciliated body consists of little except a gonad a seminal vesicle and two protonephridia In most species the male is found inside the genital sac of the female The sex of a bonelliid spoonworm depends where the planktonic larva settles If it settles on an adult worm of its own species it develops into a dwarf male but if it settles anywhere else it develops into a full size female 3 Distribution and habitat EditMembers of this family live in both warm and cold seas at a range of depths with 60 of species living deeper than 3 000 m 10 000 ft and some at abyssal depths greater than 4 000 m 13 000 ft The worms inhabit burrows they dig in soft sediment extending the flattened proboscis from the burrow along the surface of the sediment 3 Genera EditThe World Register of Marine Species includes the following genera in the family 1 AcanthobonelliaFisher 1948 AcanthohamingiaIkeda 1910 AchaetobonelliaFisher 1953 AlomasomaZenkevitch 1958 AmalosomaFisher 1948 ArchibonelliaFischer 1919 BengalusBiseswar 2006 BiporusMurina amp Popkov 2000 BonelliaRolando 1822 BruunelliaZenkevitch 1966 CharcotusDattaGupta 1981 ChoanostomelliaZenkevitch 1964 DattaguptusMurina amp Popkov 2000 EubonelliaFisher 1946 HamingiaDanielssen amp Koren 1880 IkedellaMonro 1927 JakobiaZenkevitch 1958 KurchatovusDattaGupta 1977 MaxmuelleriaBock 1942 MetabonelliaStephen amp Edmonds 1972 NellobiaFisher 1946 PrometorFisher 1948 ProtobonelliaIkeda 1908 PseudobonelliaJohnston amp Tiegs 1919 PseudoikedellaMurina 1978 SluiterinaMonro 1927 TorbenwolffiaZenkevitch 1966 VitjazemaZenkevitch 1958 ZenkevitchiolaMurina 1978See also EditMaxmuelleria lankesteriReferences Edit a b c Tanaka Masaatsu 2017 Bonelliidae Lacaze Duthiers 1858 WoRMS World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 6 December 2018 a b Hayward Peter J Ryland John Stanley 2017 Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North West Europe Oxford University Press p 275 276 ISBN 978 0 19 954944 3 a b c Ruppert Edward E Fox Richard S Barnes Robert D 2004 Invertebrate Zoology 7th edition Cengage Learning pp 490 494 ISBN 978 81 315 0104 7 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bonelliidae amp oldid 1169564247, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
