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Bollinger Sandstein

Bollinger Sandstein or Bollingen Sandstone is a sandstone found on Obersee lake shore, namely between Bollingen and Uznach and Buechberg area, in the cantons of St. Gallen and Schwyz in Switzerland.

Bollinger Sandstein
Buechberg quarry as seen from Bollingen
Unit ofBuechberg
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
Location
Coordinates47°12′N 8°53′E / 47.200°N 8.883°E / 47.200; 8.883
RegionObersee (Zürichsee), cantons of St. Gallen and Schwyz
CountrySwitzerland
Type section
Named forBollingen
Detail view of the facade of the Einsiedeln Abbey
Ledger stone made of Bollingen sandstone: "Hie est sepultus frater Heinricus de Ruchenstein", a member of the ministerially of the House of Rapperswil, buried in the Predigerkirche Zürich around 1300.[1][2]
Zunfthaus zur Meisen at the Münsterhof plaza, as seen from Limmatquai Zürich, Münsterbrücke Zürich in the foreground.

Geography edit

The sandstone is found on Obersee (upper Lake Zürich) northeastern shore, namely between Bollingen and Uznach and on the other side of the lake at the Buechberg area, in the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Schwyz.

Description edit

Depending on the layer, the appearance and texture of the natural stone also varies, therefore distinct names have developed at the different mining locations: Güntliweid sandstone means a darker, coarse-grained portion of the deposit. The Buechberg variant has a bit brighter colour, while the Uznaberg sandstone is bright and even fine-grained. In addition to these names, the Bollinger-Brand sandstone is mined in Eschenbach SG and the Bollinger-Lehholz sandstone is mined between Jona and Bollingen.[3]

The Bollingen sandstone is lime bound, it contains 30 to 50% quartz grains and 25 to 35% feldspars, 4 to 8% mica and chlorite, and the proportion of binder lime is between 5 and 18%. The sandstone contains also particles of clay up to 10 millimetres (0.39 in). The color ranges from blue-gray to gray-green, and there are lighter and darker layers.[3][4]

Since the incidence even partly is mined within the Güntliweid–Bätzimatt nature reserve, Bollinger sandstone is extracted at its different locations usually in the pit mining method, working with wire saws that cut the stone vertically in up to 60 metres (197 ft) deep shafts. Related to Swiss sandstone quarries, the occurrence of natural stone is comparatively large, hence, since centuries the sandstone is mined at several locations.[3]

History of purpose edit

The present quarry Lehholz mines sandstone in an open-ended cavity. It dates back to 1252 AD when Rudolf II von Rapperswil founded the nearby Wurmsbach Abbey in Jona. For the construction sandstone was used from dedicated quarries, and for centuries high quality "monastic" sandstone was mined. It was transferred with oxen to the lake shore transshipping point to be shipped with so-called Ledi boats towards the present Sechsläutenplatz Zürich far into the 19th century.[5][6] Particularly the present municipality of Zürich used the Bollingen quarries for the construction of countless public and private buildings, for example, the cathedral towers and the city fortifications, or the Zunfthaus zur Meisen that was built in 1757 with stone from the Buechberg quarry.[5]

The medieval town of Rapperswil, home of the Counts of Rapperswil, also mined sandstone on the Lützelau island. Presumably Bollinger sandstone is extracted and processed since around 1000 AD, and among others it was also used for the Fraumünster and Grossmünster churches in Zürich,[7][8] as well as for the Einsiedeln and St. Gallen abbeys.[8]

The Bollingen sandstone is the ideal material for outdoor use and commonly it is still used as cladding for concrete structures, bricks and among others for bridges. Also facades, window and door frames, fountains and grave stones are made from the Bollingen stone.[3]

In the area between Lehholz and Uznaberg once existed over 100 mining sites which offered for hundred workers jobs in heyday. Almost 2,000 cubic metres (70,629 cu ft) of sandstone still are mined (as of 2004) annually, usually 5 metres (16 ft) wide and about 3.5 metres (11 ft) high blocks weighing approximately 16 tonnes,[5] even up to 25 tonnes.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Anton Largiadèr. "Die Grabplatte des Zürcher Dominikaners Heinrich von Ruchenstein (-von Galgenen) um 1270" (in German). Zeitschrift für schweizerische Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte = Revue suisse d'art et d'archéologie = Rivista svizzera d'arte e d'archeologia = Journal of Swiss archeology and art history 3/1941 on retro.seals.ch, p. 245-247. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  2. ^ Dölf Wild; Urs Jäggin; Felix Wyss (31 December 2006). (in German). Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d "Bollinger Sandstein" (in German). stonenaturelle.ch. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  4. ^ Friedrich Müller: Internationale Natursteinkartei (INSK). Volume 6.4.7, Ebner Verlag, Ulm 1978/1993.
  5. ^ a b c "Baumaterial für Zürichs Prunkfassaden". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). nzz.ch. 18 October 2004. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  6. ^ (in German). Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  7. ^ "Geologie einer Stadt" (PDF) (in German). ETH Zurich. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  8. ^ a b (in German). Müller Natursteinwerk. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

External links edit

bollinger, sandstein, bollingen, sandstone, sandstone, found, obersee, lake, shore, namely, between, bollingen, uznach, buechberg, area, cantons, gallen, schwyz, switzerland, buechberg, quarry, seen, from, bollingenunit, ofbuechberglithologyprimarysandstoneloc. Bollinger Sandstein or Bollingen Sandstone is a sandstone found on Obersee lake shore namely between Bollingen and Uznach and Buechberg area in the cantons of St Gallen and Schwyz in Switzerland Bollinger SandsteinBuechberg quarry as seen from BollingenUnit ofBuechbergLithologyPrimarySandstoneLocationCoordinates47 12 N 8 53 E 47 200 N 8 883 E 47 200 8 883RegionObersee Zurichsee cantons of St Gallen and SchwyzCountrySwitzerlandType sectionNamed forBollingen Detail view of the facade of the Einsiedeln Abbey Ledger stone made of Bollingen sandstone Hie est sepultus frater Heinricus de Ruchenstein a member of the ministerially of the House of Rapperswil buried in the Predigerkirche Zurich around 1300 1 2 Zunfthaus zur Meisen at the Munsterhof plaza as seen from Limmatquai Zurich Munsterbrucke Zurich in the foreground Contents 1 Geography 2 Description 3 History of purpose 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksGeography editMain articles Bollingen and Buechberg The sandstone is found on Obersee upper Lake Zurich northeastern shore namely between Bollingen and Uznach and on the other side of the lake at the Buechberg area in the Swiss cantons of St Gallen and Schwyz Description editDepending on the layer the appearance and texture of the natural stone also varies therefore distinct names have developed at the different mining locations Guntliweid sandstone means a darker coarse grained portion of the deposit The Buechberg variant has a bit brighter colour while the Uznaberg sandstone is bright and even fine grained In addition to these names the Bollinger Brand sandstone is mined in Eschenbach SG and the Bollinger Lehholz sandstone is mined between Jona and Bollingen 3 The Bollingen sandstone is lime bound it contains 30 to 50 quartz grains and 25 to 35 feldspars 4 to 8 mica and chlorite and the proportion of binder lime is between 5 and 18 The sandstone contains also particles of clay up to 10 millimetres 0 39 in The color ranges from blue gray to gray green and there are lighter and darker layers 3 4 Since the incidence even partly is mined within the Guntliweid Batzimatt nature reserve Bollinger sandstone is extracted at its different locations usually in the pit mining method working with wire saws that cut the stone vertically in up to 60 metres 197 ft deep shafts Related to Swiss sandstone quarries the occurrence of natural stone is comparatively large hence since centuries the sandstone is mined at several locations 3 History of purpose editThe present quarry Lehholz mines sandstone in an open ended cavity It dates back to 1252 AD when Rudolf II von Rapperswil founded the nearby Wurmsbach Abbey in Jona For the construction sandstone was used from dedicated quarries and for centuries high quality monastic sandstone was mined It was transferred with oxen to the lake shore transshipping point to be shipped with so called Ledi boats towards the present Sechslautenplatz Zurich far into the 19th century 5 6 Particularly the present municipality of Zurich used the Bollingen quarries for the construction of countless public and private buildings for example the cathedral towers and the city fortifications or the Zunfthaus zur Meisen that was built in 1757 with stone from the Buechberg quarry 5 The medieval town of Rapperswil home of the Counts of Rapperswil also mined sandstone on the Lutzelau island Presumably Bollinger sandstone is extracted and processed since around 1000 AD and among others it was also used for the Fraumunster and Grossmunster churches in Zurich 7 8 as well as for the Einsiedeln and St Gallen abbeys 8 The Bollingen sandstone is the ideal material for outdoor use and commonly it is still used as cladding for concrete structures bricks and among others for bridges Also facades window and door frames fountains and grave stones are made from the Bollingen stone 3 nbsp Bollinger Brand quarry in Eschenbach SG nbsp Bollinger Brand structure and color nbsp Lehholz quarry nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Lehholz between Bollingen and Jona Wagen Buechberg in the background to the left In the area between Lehholz and Uznaberg once existed over 100 mining sites which offered for hundred workers jobs in heyday Almost 2 000 cubic metres 70 629 cu ft of sandstone still are mined as of 2004 annually usually 5 metres 16 ft wide and about 3 5 metres 11 ft high blocks weighing approximately 16 tonnes 5 even up to 25 tonnes See also editBollingen Buechberg Obersee Zurichsee References edit Anton Largiader Die Grabplatte des Zurcher Dominikaners Heinrich von Ruchenstein von Galgenen um 1270 in German Zeitschrift fur schweizerische Archaologie und Kunstgeschichte Revue suisse d art et d archeologie Rivista svizzera d arte e d archeologia Journal of Swiss archeology and art history 3 1941 on retro seals ch p 245 247 Retrieved 26 December 2014 Dolf Wild Urs Jaggin Felix Wyss 31 December 2006 Die Zurcher Predigerkirche Wichtige Etappen der Baugeschichte Auf dem Murerplan beschonigt Untersuchungen an der Westfassade der Predigerkirche in German Amt fur Stadtebau der Stadt Zurich Archived from the original on 19 December 2014 Retrieved 29 December 2014 a b c d Bollinger Sandstein in German stonenaturelle ch Retrieved 15 September 2015 Friedrich Muller Internationale Natursteinkartei INSK Volume 6 4 7 Ebner Verlag Ulm 1978 1993 a b c Baumaterial fur Zurichs Prunkfassaden Neue Zurcher Zeitung in German nzz ch 18 October 2004 Retrieved 15 September 2015 C III 4 Nr 144 Bericht der Steinfuhrleute Gattiker und Freymann was fur Bezahlung sie von Partikularen fur Fuhrlohn einer Ledi Stein v 1782 in German Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zurich Archived from the original on 2 October 2015 Retrieved 15 September 2015 Geologie einer Stadt PDF in German ETH Zurich Retrieved 1 October 2015 a b Bollinger Hartsandstein in German Muller Natursteinwerk Archived from the original on 3 October 2015 Retrieved 15 September 2015 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bollinger Sandstein Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bollinger Sandstein amp oldid 1218698303, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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