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Bob Denver

Robert Osbourne Denver (January 9, 1935 – September 2, 2005) was an American comedic actor who portrayed Gilligan on the 1964–1967 television series Gilligan's Island, and beatnik Maynard G. Krebs on the 1959–1963 series The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.

Bob Denver
Denver on the set of Gilligan's Island
Born(1935-01-09)January 9, 1935
DiedSeptember 2, 2005(2005-09-02) (aged 70)
Alma materLoyola University (Loyola Marymount University)
OccupationActor
Years active1959–2001
Known forGilligan's Island
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis
Rescue from Gilligan's Island
The Castaways on Gilligan's Island
The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island
Spouses
  • Maggie Ryan
    (m. 1960; div. 1966)
  • Jean Webber
    (m. 1967; div. 1970)
  • Carole Abrahams
    (m. 1972; div. 1975)
  • Dreama Perry
    (m. 1979)
Children4

Early life Edit

Denver was born on January 9, 1935,[1] in New Rochelle, New York, and raised in Brownwood, Texas. He graduated in 1953 from David Starr Jordan High School in Long Beach, California. He graduated from Loyola University in Los Angeles, California, with a degree in political science. He acted in college productions at Loyola and met fellow student Dwayne Hickman, with whom he later co-starred in The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. After graduation, he coached physical education and taught mathematics and history at Corpus Christi School, a Catholic elementary school in Pacific Palisades, California.[2]

Career Edit

Most of Denver's acting career was in television, though he also appeared in several films and on Broadway. He was widely associated with the title character that he played in the 1960s television series Gilligan's Island, and he continued to appear as Gilligan in several movies, as a guest on other television series, in personal appearances, and as a voice actor in the animated version of the series.

Television career Edit

Denver made his television debut in 1957, playing a small part in an episode of The Silent Service (S01 E37: "The Loss of the Tang"). While teaching at Corpus Christi in 1958, Denver was permitted to audition for a role on the sitcom The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis as a favor to his sister, who was a secretary on the production lot. He gained the role and left teaching the following year to become a regular on the series. From 1959 to 1963, he appeared on the series as Maynard G. Krebs, the teenaged beatnik best friend of Dobie Gillis, played by Dwayne Hickman. After filming the first three episodes, Denver received his draft notice, and was briefly written out of the script and replaced, but he was designated 4-F due to an old neck injury and returned to Dobie Gillis having missed only one episode. Denver later reprised his Maynard G. Krebs role in the television sequels Whatever Happened to Dobie Gillis? (1977) and Bring Me the Head of Dobie Gillis (1988).

During his time on Dobie Gillis, Denver appeared on the NBC interview program, Here's Hollywood. In 1963, Denver played his only major dramatic role on television, as a physician (Dr. Paul Garrett) in one episode of Dr. Kildare, telecast on October 10, 1963; the episode, "If You Can't Believe the Truth ...", also featured Barbara Eden and Ken Berry.[3] Between the end of Dobie Gillis and the beginning of Gilligan's Island, Denver appeared in an episode of The Farmer's Daughter and in the final episode of The Danny Thomas Show. He also had a one-episode role replacing the actor who played Dudley A. "Dud" Wash, the fiancé of Charlene Darling of the Darlings, on The Andy Griffith Show which was aired March 30, 1964. This was done by the network to promote Denver's face and make him more familiar to the viewing audience since Gilligan's Island was about to go on air.[4]

Following the cancellation of Dobie Gillis, Denver landed the title role on the sitcom Gilligan's Island, which ran for three seasons (1964–67) on CBS, and became a staple of later syndication. His role as the well-meaning but bumbling first mate among a small group of shipwrecked castaways became the one for which he is most remembered. During the run, Denver privately went out of his way to help his co-stars who warmly appreciated his efforts, such as successfully demanding that Russell Johnson and Dawn Wells be included in the series' opening credits and insisting that Wells get an equal share of the series' publicity with Tina Louise.[5][6] A decade after the series was canceled, Denver played Gilligan in the made-for-TV reunion movies Rescue from Gilligan's Island (1978), The Castaways on Gilligan's Island (1979), and The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island (1981). He also lent his voice to the animated series The New Adventures of Gilligan and its sequel Gilligan's Planet. During the 1980s and 1992, he reprised the character of Gilligan for numerous cameo appearances, including episodes of ALF, Meego and Baywatch, and played a bartender in the film Back to the Beach (1987).

After Gilligan's Island, Denver went on to star on other TV comedy series, including The Good Guys (1968–1970), Dusty's Trail (1973-1974) (a show similar to Gilligan's Island, involving a lost wagon train headed to California), and the Sid and Marty Krofft children's program Far Out Space Nuts (1975). Four episodes of Dusty's Trail were later combined to create a feature film, The Wackiest Wagon Train in the West (1976).

Denver's other television roles included guest appearances on multiple episodes of Love, American Style; The Love Boat; and Fantasy Island. In 1983, he starred in the television pilot The Invisible Woman as the bumbling mad scientist uncle of the title character.

Film career Edit

Denver's first feature film appearance was in the service farce, A Private's Affair (1959), with Sal Mineo. Credited as Robert Denver, he had a small role in the Jimmy Stewart film, Take Her, She's Mine (1963), playing a beatnik poet working at a coffee shop. Denver also appeared in the beach film For Those Who Think Young (1964) with Tina Louise prior to the development of Gilligan's Island.

Other films in which Denver appeared include Who's Minding the Mint? (1967), The Sweet Ride (1968), Did You Hear the One About the Traveling Saleslady? (1968) with Phyllis Diller, and The Wackiest Wagon Train in the West (1976). In 1983, he appeared in the television movie High School U.S.A.. His final role was a small part in the Frankie Avalon-Annette Funicello comedy Back to the Beach (1987).

Other work Edit

 
Denver in 1977

In 1970, Denver replaced Woody Allen in the original Broadway production of Allen's comedy Play It Again, Sam, earning praise from The New York Times critic Clive Barnes for conveying "a genuine clown-like wistfulness" that Barnes had found lacking in Allen's own performance in the starring role.[7]

Personal life Edit

Denver was married four times. His wives were: Maggie Ryan (1960–1966), Jean Webber (1967–1970), Carole Abrahams (1972–1975), and Dreama Perry. He fathered two sons, Patrick and Colin, and two daughters, Megan and Emily.[8]

On February 7, 1971, Denver was arrested in Anderson, California for possession of marijuana and drug paraphernalia in his car and pleaded no contest for a reduced sentence of a $250 fine.[9] In 1998, he was arrested for marijuana delivered to his home, originally saying that the delivery came from Dawn Wells, who played Mary Ann on Gilligan's Island, but he later refused to name her in court, testifying that "some crazy fan must have sent it." He pleaded no contest and received six months probation.[10]

Later in his life, Denver returned to his adopted home of Princeton, West Virginia, and became an FM radio personality. He and his wife Dreama ran a small "oldies format" radio station, WGAG-LP 93.1 FM. He also earned a small income making public appearances, often costumed as Gilligan. In 1992, he played Gilligan to benefit the Make-A-Wish Foundation for a West Virginia fundraiser for the organization.[11]

Denver was a heavy smoker.[8] He received cancer treatment and underwent heart bypass surgery in 2005.[12] On September 2, 2005, he died at age 70 from complications including pneumonia[13] following throat cancer surgery at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.[7]

Filmography Edit

Film Edit

Year Title Role Notes
1959 A Private's Affair MacIntosh
1963 Take Her, She's Mine Alex
1964 For Those Who Think Young Kelp
1967 Who's Minding the Mint? Willie Owens
1968 The Sweet Ride Choo-Choo Burns
Did You Hear the One About the Traveling Saleslady? Bertram Webb
1976 The Wackiest Wagon Train in the West Dusty
1987 Back to the Beach Bartender

Television Edit

Year Title Role Notes
1957 The Silent Service Murph Episode: "The Tang's Last Shot"
1959–1963 The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis Maynard G. Krebs Main cast, 144 episodes
1963 Dr. Kildare Dr. Paul Garrett Episode: "If You Can't Believe the Truth"
The Farmer's Daughter Lieutenant Tenner Episode: "An Enterprising Young Man"
1964 The Andy Griffith Show Dud Wash Episode: "Divorce, Mountain Style"
The Danny Thomas Show Herbie Episode: "The Persistent Cop"
1964–1967 Gilligan's Island Gilligan Lead role, 98 episodes
1967 I Dream of Jeannie Harold Episode: "My Son, the Genie"
1968–1970 The Good Guys Rufus Butterworth Lead role, 42 episodes
1970–1973 Love, American Style Earl / Jeffrey / Sam Cosgrove 3 episodes
1973–1974 Dusty's Trail Dusty Lead role, 26 episodes
1974–1975 The New Adventures of Gilligan Gilligan Voice, 24 episodes
1975 Far Out Space Nuts Junior Lead role, 15 episodes
1977 Whatever Happened to Dobie Gillis? Maynard G. Krebs TV movie
Captain Kangaroo Himself 1 episode
1978 Rescue from Gilligan's Island Gilligan TV movie
1979 The Love Boat Jason Markham 2 episodes
The Castaways on Gilligan's Island Gilligan TV movie
1980–1983 Fantasy Island Morris Binstock
Francis Elkins
Don Winters
Tim Kearns
4 episodes
1981 The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island Gilligan TV movie
1982 Twilight Theater Various characters TV movie
The Love Boat Norman Lomax Episode; "A Dress to Remember"
Scamps Oliver Hopkins TV movie
Gilligan's Planet Gilligan Voice, 13 episodes
1983 The Invisible Woman Dr. Dudley Plunkett TV movie
High School U.S.A. Milton Feld TV movie
1987 The New Gidget Gilligan Episode: "Gilligidge Island"
ALF Episode: "Somewhere Over the Rerun"
1988 Bring Me the Head of Dobie Gillis Maynard G. Krebs
1992 Baywatch Gilligan Episode: "Sit Right Back and You'll Hear a Tale"
1993 Evening Shade Himself 2 episodes
1994 Space Ghost Coast to Coast Episode: "Gilligan"
Herman's Head Episode: "The Herm from Ipanema"
1995 Roseanne Jackie Episode: "Sherwood Schwartz: A Loving Tribute"
1997 Meego Gilligan Episode: "Mommy 'n' Meego" (final appearance)
1998 The Simpsons Himself Voice
Episode: "Simpson Tide"
2001 Surviving Gilligan's Island Himself TV movie

References Edit

  1. ^ "UPI Almanac for Thursday, Jan. 9, 2020". United Press International. January 9, 2020. Archived from the original on January 15, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020. …actor Bob Denver in 1935
  2. ^ "TV's beatnik is a Square at heart". The Age. Melbourne. June 14, 1962. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  3. ^ "Dr. Kildare Episode Guide". richard-chamberlain.co.uk. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
  4. ^ . iMayberry.com. Archived from the original on September 25, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
  5. ^ Adams, Cecil. "Was the "Gilligan's Island" theme song tampered with?". The Straight Dope. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  6. ^ . The Fifties Web. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved April 4, 2006.
  7. ^ a b Bernstein, Adam (September 7, 2005). "Bob Denver, 70; Brought Goofy Comedy to Role as TV's Gilligan". The Washington Post.
  8. ^ a b Selim, Jocelyn (March 28, 2014). "Everybody's Little Buddy". Cancer Today. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
  9. ^ "'Gilligan' Arrested". CBS News. June 5, 1998. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  10. ^ Stevens, Dana (September 7, 2005). . Slate. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  11. ^ Brandt, Aviva L. (April 12, 1992). "Tour planned for children's group". The Sunday Times-Sentinel. Vol. 27, no. 10. Galliopolis, Ohio. Associated Press.
  12. ^ Martin, Douglas (September 7, 2005). "Bob Denver is dead at 70; Star of Gilligan's Island". The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
  13. ^ . findadeath.com. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2018.

External links Edit

denver, robert, osbourne, denver, january, 1935, september, 2005, american, comedic, actor, portrayed, gilligan, 1964, 1967, television, series, gilligan, island, beatnik, maynard, krebs, 1959, 1963, series, many, loves, dobie, gillis, denver, gilligan, island. Robert Osbourne Denver January 9 1935 September 2 2005 was an American comedic actor who portrayed Gilligan on the 1964 1967 television series Gilligan s Island and beatnik Maynard G Krebs on the 1959 1963 series The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis Bob DenverDenver on the set of Gilligan s IslandBorn 1935 01 09 January 9 1935New Rochelle New York U S DiedSeptember 2 2005 2005 09 02 aged 70 Winston Salem North Carolina U S Alma materLoyola University Loyola Marymount University OccupationActorYears active1959 2001Known forGilligan s IslandThe Many Loves of Dobie GillisRescue from Gilligan s IslandThe Castaways on Gilligan s IslandThe Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan s IslandSpousesMaggie Ryan m 1960 div 1966 wbr Jean Webber m 1967 div 1970 wbr Carole Abrahams m 1972 div 1975 wbr Dreama Perry m 1979 wbr Children4 Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 Television career 2 2 Film career 2 3 Other work 3 Personal life 4 Filmography 4 1 Film 4 2 Television 5 References 6 External linksEarly life EditDenver was born on January 9 1935 1 in New Rochelle New York and raised in Brownwood Texas He graduated in 1953 from David Starr Jordan High School in Long Beach California He graduated from Loyola University in Los Angeles California with a degree in political science He acted in college productions at Loyola and met fellow student Dwayne Hickman with whom he later co starred in The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis After graduation he coached physical education and taught mathematics and history at Corpus Christi School a Catholic elementary school in Pacific Palisades California 2 Career EditMost of Denver s acting career was in television though he also appeared in several films and on Broadway He was widely associated with the title character that he played in the 1960s television series Gilligan s Island and he continued to appear as Gilligan in several movies as a guest on other television series in personal appearances and as a voice actor in the animated version of the series Television career Edit Denver made his television debut in 1957 playing a small part in an episode of The Silent Service S01 E37 The Loss of the Tang While teaching at Corpus Christi in 1958 Denver was permitted to audition for a role on the sitcom The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis as a favor to his sister who was a secretary on the production lot He gained the role and left teaching the following year to become a regular on the series From 1959 to 1963 he appeared on the series as Maynard G Krebs the teenaged beatnik best friend of Dobie Gillis played by Dwayne Hickman After filming the first three episodes Denver received his draft notice and was briefly written out of the script and replaced but he was designated 4 F due to an old neck injury and returned to Dobie Gillis having missed only one episode Denver later reprised his Maynard G Krebs role in the television sequels Whatever Happened to Dobie Gillis 1977 and Bring Me the Head of Dobie Gillis 1988 During his time on Dobie Gillis Denver appeared on the NBC interview program Here s Hollywood In 1963 Denver played his only major dramatic role on television as a physician Dr Paul Garrett in one episode of Dr Kildare telecast on October 10 1963 the episode If You Can t Believe the Truth also featured Barbara Eden and Ken Berry 3 Between the end of Dobie Gillis and the beginning of Gilligan s Island Denver appeared in an episode of The Farmer s Daughter and in the final episode of The Danny Thomas Show He also had a one episode role replacing the actor who played Dudley A Dud Wash the fiance of Charlene Darling of the Darlings on The Andy Griffith Show which was aired March 30 1964 This was done by the network to promote Denver s face and make him more familiar to the viewing audience since Gilligan s Island was about to go on air 4 Following the cancellation of Dobie Gillis Denver landed the title role on the sitcom Gilligan s Island which ran for three seasons 1964 67 on CBS and became a staple of later syndication His role as the well meaning but bumbling first mate among a small group of shipwrecked castaways became the one for which he is most remembered During the run Denver privately went out of his way to help his co stars who warmly appreciated his efforts such as successfully demanding that Russell Johnson and Dawn Wells be included in the series opening credits and insisting that Wells get an equal share of the series publicity with Tina Louise 5 6 A decade after the series was canceled Denver played Gilligan in the made for TV reunion movies Rescue from Gilligan s Island 1978 The Castaways on Gilligan s Island 1979 and The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan s Island 1981 He also lent his voice to the animated series The New Adventures of Gilligan and its sequel Gilligan s Planet During the 1980s and 1992 he reprised the character of Gilligan for numerous cameo appearances including episodes of ALF Meego and Baywatch and played a bartender in the film Back to the Beach 1987 After Gilligan s Island Denver went on to star on other TV comedy series including The Good Guys 1968 1970 Dusty s Trail 1973 1974 a show similar to Gilligan s Island involving a lost wagon train headed to California and the Sid and Marty Krofft children s program Far Out Space Nuts 1975 Four episodes of Dusty s Trail were later combined to create a feature film The Wackiest Wagon Train in the West 1976 Denver s other television roles included guest appearances on multiple episodes of Love American Style The Love Boat and Fantasy Island In 1983 he starred in the television pilot The Invisible Woman as the bumbling mad scientist uncle of the title character Film career Edit Denver s first feature film appearance was in the service farce A Private s Affair 1959 with Sal Mineo Credited as Robert Denver he had a small role in the Jimmy Stewart film Take Her She s Mine 1963 playing a beatnik poet working at a coffee shop Denver also appeared in the beach film For Those Who Think Young 1964 with Tina Louise prior to the development of Gilligan s Island Other films in which Denver appeared include Who s Minding the Mint 1967 The Sweet Ride 1968 Did You Hear the One About the Traveling Saleslady 1968 with Phyllis Diller and The Wackiest Wagon Train in the West 1976 In 1983 he appeared in the television movie High School U S A His final role was a small part in the Frankie Avalon Annette Funicello comedy Back to the Beach 1987 Other work Edit nbsp Denver in 1977In 1970 Denver replaced Woody Allen in the original Broadway production of Allen s comedy Play It Again Sam earning praise from The New York Times critic Clive Barnes for conveying a genuine clown like wistfulness that Barnes had found lacking in Allen s own performance in the starring role 7 Personal life EditDenver was married four times His wives were Maggie Ryan 1960 1966 Jean Webber 1967 1970 Carole Abrahams 1972 1975 and Dreama Perry He fathered two sons Patrick and Colin and two daughters Megan and Emily 8 On February 7 1971 Denver was arrested in Anderson California for possession of marijuana and drug paraphernalia in his car and pleaded no contest for a reduced sentence of a 250 fine 9 In 1998 he was arrested for marijuana delivered to his home originally saying that the delivery came from Dawn Wells who played Mary Ann on Gilligan s Island but he later refused to name her in court testifying that some crazy fan must have sent it He pleaded no contest and received six months probation 10 Later in his life Denver returned to his adopted home of Princeton West Virginia and became an FM radio personality He and his wife Dreama ran a small oldies format radio station WGAG LP 93 1 FM He also earned a small income making public appearances often costumed as Gilligan In 1992 he played Gilligan to benefit the Make A Wish Foundation for a West Virginia fundraiser for the organization 11 Denver was a heavy smoker 8 He received cancer treatment and underwent heart bypass surgery in 2005 12 On September 2 2005 he died at age 70 from complications including pneumonia 13 following throat cancer surgery at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center in Winston Salem North Carolina 7 Filmography EditFilm Edit Year Title Role Notes1959 A Private s Affair MacIntosh1963 Take Her She s Mine Alex1964 For Those Who Think Young Kelp1967 Who s Minding the Mint Willie Owens1968 The Sweet Ride Choo Choo BurnsDid You Hear the One About the Traveling Saleslady Bertram Webb1976 The Wackiest Wagon Train in the West Dusty1987 Back to the Beach BartenderTelevision Edit Year Title Role Notes1957 The Silent Service Murph Episode The Tang s Last Shot 1959 1963 The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis Maynard G Krebs Main cast 144 episodes1963 Dr Kildare Dr Paul Garrett Episode If You Can t Believe the Truth The Farmer s Daughter Lieutenant Tenner Episode An Enterprising Young Man 1964 The Andy Griffith Show Dud Wash Episode Divorce Mountain Style The Danny Thomas Show Herbie Episode The Persistent Cop 1964 1967 Gilligan s Island Gilligan Lead role 98 episodes1967 I Dream of Jeannie Harold Episode My Son the Genie 1968 1970 The Good Guys Rufus Butterworth Lead role 42 episodes1970 1973 Love American Style Earl Jeffrey Sam Cosgrove 3 episodes1973 1974 Dusty s Trail Dusty Lead role 26 episodes1974 1975 The New Adventures of Gilligan Gilligan Voice 24 episodes1975 Far Out Space Nuts Junior Lead role 15 episodes1977 Whatever Happened to Dobie Gillis Maynard G Krebs TV movieCaptain Kangaroo Himself 1 episode1978 Rescue from Gilligan s Island Gilligan TV movie1979 The Love Boat Jason Markham 2 episodesThe Castaways on Gilligan s Island Gilligan TV movie1980 1983 Fantasy Island Morris BinstockFrancis ElkinsDon WintersTim Kearns 4 episodes1981 The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan s Island Gilligan TV movie1982 Twilight Theater Various characters TV movieThe Love Boat Norman Lomax Episode A Dress to Remember Scamps Oliver Hopkins TV movieGilligan s Planet Gilligan Voice 13 episodes1983 The Invisible Woman Dr Dudley Plunkett TV movieHigh School U S A Milton Feld TV movie1987 The New Gidget Gilligan Episode Gilligidge Island ALF Episode Somewhere Over the Rerun 1988 Bring Me the Head of Dobie Gillis Maynard G Krebs1992 Baywatch Gilligan Episode Sit Right Back and You ll Hear a Tale 1993 Evening Shade Himself 2 episodes1994 Space Ghost Coast to Coast Episode Gilligan Herman s Head Episode The Herm from Ipanema 1995 Roseanne Jackie Episode Sherwood Schwartz A Loving Tribute 1997 Meego Gilligan Episode Mommy n Meego final appearance 1998 The Simpsons Himself VoiceEpisode Simpson Tide 2001 Surviving Gilligan s Island Himself TV movieReferences Edit UPI Almanac for Thursday Jan 9 2020 United Press International January 9 2020 Archived from the original on January 15 2020 Retrieved January 16 2020 actor Bob Denver in 1935 TV s beatnik is a Square at heart The Age Melbourne June 14 1962 Retrieved February 7 2022 Dr Kildare Episode Guide richard chamberlain co uk Retrieved October 12 2013 35th Anniversary Celebration A Mayberry Reunion iMayberry com Archived from the original on September 25 2010 Retrieved October 12 2013 Adams Cecil Was the Gilligan s Island theme song tampered with The Straight Dope Retrieved August 25 2020 Gilligan s Island Gilligan s Island Tidbits section The Fifties Web Archived from the original on June 11 2008 Retrieved April 4 2006 a b Bernstein Adam September 7 2005 Bob Denver 70 Brought Goofy Comedy to Role as TV s Gilligan The Washington Post a b Selim Jocelyn March 28 2014 Everybody s Little Buddy Cancer Today Retrieved November 18 2021 Gilligan Arrested CBS News June 5 1998 Retrieved February 26 2020 Stevens Dana September 7 2005 Gilligan s Dreams Slate Archived from the original on March 11 2007 Retrieved February 26 2020 Brandt Aviva L April 12 1992 Tour planned for children s group The Sunday Times Sentinel Vol 27 no 10 Galliopolis Ohio Associated Press Martin Douglas September 7 2005 Bob Denver is dead at 70 Star of Gilligan s Island The New York Times Retrieved September 13 2016 Certificate of Death findadeath com Archived from the original on June 18 2012 Retrieved January 10 2018 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bob Denver Bob Denver at IMDb Bob Denver at the Internet Broadway Database Bob Denver at the TCM Movie Database Bob Denver at AllMovie Bob Denver at Rotten Tomatoes Bob Denver discography at Discogs Official website Archived September 13 2008 at the Wayback MachinePortal nbsp Biography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bob Denver amp oldid 1179950979, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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