During the Enlightenment and the industrial revolution, Scottish industrial policy was made by the Board of Trustees for Fisheries, Manufactures and Improvements in Scotland, which sought to build an economy complementary, not competitive, with England. Since England had woollens, this meant linen.
The Royal Institution, Edinburgh (now the Royal Scottish Academy building), was commissioned and owned by the Board of Manufactures. It served as the head office of the board from 1826 until its demise in 1906, and as home to several learned societies.
The board was established in 1727, with the purpose of dispersing grants to encourage the growth of the fishing and manufacturing industries.[1]
The linen industry was Scotland's premier industry in the 18th century and formed the basis for the later cotton, jute,[3] and woollen industries.[4]
Encouraged and subsidized by the board of trustees so it could compete with German products, merchant entrepreneurs became dominant in all stages of linen manufacturing and built up the market share of Scottish linens, especially in the American colonial market.[5] The British Linen Company, established in 1746, was the largest firm in the Scottish linen industry in the 18th century, exporting linen to England and America. As a joint-stock company, it had the right to raise funds through the issue of promissory notes or bonds. With its bonds functioning as bank notes, the company gradually moved into the business of lending and discounting to other linen manufacturers, and in the early 1770s banking became its main activity. Renamed the British Linen Bank in 1906, it was one of Scotland's premier banks until it was bought out by the Bank of Scotland in 1969.[6] It joined the established Scottish banks such as the Bank of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1695) and the Royal Bank of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1727).[7] Glasgow would soon follow and Scotland had a flourishing financial system by the end of the century. There were over 400 branches, amounting to one office per 7,000 people, double the level in England. The banks were more lightly regulated than those in England. Historians often emphasise that the flexibility and dynamism of the Scottish banking system contributed significantly to the rapid development of the economy in the 19th century.[8][9]
List of trusteesedit
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (November 2011)
^"National Galleries of Scotland Act 1906". Retrieved 2012-12-15.
^Miskell, Louise; Whatley, C. A. (Autumn 1999). "'Juteopolis' in the Making: Linen and the Industrial Transformation of Dundee, c. 1820-1850". Textile History. 30 (2): 176–98.
^Durie, Alastair J. (April 1973). "The Markets for Scottish Linen, 1730-1775". Scottish Historical Review. 52 (153, Part 1): 30–49. JSTOR 25528985.
^Durie, Alastair (1993). "Imitation in Scottish Eighteenth-Century Textiles: The Drive to Establish the Manufacture of Osnaburg Linen". Journal of Design History. 6 (2): 71–6.
^Malcolm, C. A. (1950). The History of the British Linen Bank.
^Saville, R. (1996). Bank of Scotland: a History, 1695-1995. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN0-7486-0757-9.
^Daunton, M. J. (1995). Progress and Poverty: An Economic and Social History of Britain 1700-1850. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 344. ISBN0-19-822281-5.
^Cowen, T.; Kroszner, R. (May 1989). "Scottish Banking before 1845: A Model for Laissez-Faire?". Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 21 (2): 221–31. JSTOR 1992370.
board, manufactures, during, enlightenment, industrial, revolution, scottish, industrial, policy, made, board, trustees, fisheries, manufactures, improvements, scotland, which, sought, build, economy, complementary, competitive, with, england, since, england, . During the Enlightenment and the industrial revolution Scottish industrial policy was made by the Board of Trustees for Fisheries Manufactures and Improvements in Scotland which sought to build an economy complementary not competitive with England Since England had woollens this meant linen The Royal Institution Edinburgh now the Royal Scottish Academy building was commissioned and owned by the Board of Manufactures It served as the head office of the board from 1826 until its demise in 1906 and as home to several learned societies The board was established in 1727 with the purpose of dispersing grants to encourage the growth of the fishing and manufacturing industries 1 When state regulation of the linen industry was abolished in 1823 the focus of the board turned to the decorative arts and the improvement of fine arts education The board had established the Trustees Drawing Academy of Edinburgh in 1760 to improve industrial design and in 1906 the board s remaining functions were transferred to the trustees of the National Galleries of Scotland by the National Galleries of Scotland Act 2 Contents 1 Linen industry 2 List of trustees 3 See also 4 ReferencesLinen industry editThe linen industry was Scotland s premier industry in the 18th century and formed the basis for the later cotton jute 3 and woollen industries 4 Encouraged and subsidized by the board of trustees so it could compete with German products merchant entrepreneurs became dominant in all stages of linen manufacturing and built up the market share of Scottish linens especially in the American colonial market 5 The British Linen Company established in 1746 was the largest firm in the Scottish linen industry in the 18th century exporting linen to England and America As a joint stock company it had the right to raise funds through the issue of promissory notes or bonds With its bonds functioning as bank notes the company gradually moved into the business of lending and discounting to other linen manufacturers and in the early 1770s banking became its main activity Renamed the British Linen Bank in 1906 it was one of Scotland s premier banks until it was bought out by the Bank of Scotland in 1969 6 It joined the established Scottish banks such as the Bank of Scotland Edinburgh 1695 and the Royal Bank of Scotland Edinburgh 1727 7 Glasgow would soon follow and Scotland had a flourishing financial system by the end of the century There were over 400 branches amounting to one office per 7 000 people double the level in England The banks were more lightly regulated than those in England Historians often emphasise that the flexibility and dynamism of the Scottish banking system contributed significantly to the rapid development of the economy in the 19th century 8 9 List of trustees editThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items November 2011 Robert Arbuthnot of Haddo Secretary 1779 1803 Sir William Arbuthnot 1st Baronet Sir George Clerk Maxwell Andrew Fletcher Lord Milton Sir Thomas Dick Lauder James Veitch Lord Elliock Schomberg Kerr 9th Marquess of Lothian 17 Jan 1900 10 James Robertson Baron Robertson 1900 resigned 10 Sir Robert Murdoch Smith KCMG 1900 Regius Chair of Public Law and the Law of Nature and Nations Sir John Cowan 1st Baronet 1900 Regius Chair of Public Law and the Law of Nature and Nations Thomas Gibson Carmichael Baron Carmichael 15 Feb 1900 10 David Scott Moncrieff 15 Feb 1900 10 Sidney Buller Fullerton Elphinstone 16th Lord Elphinstone 13 Feb 1901 Regius Chair of Public Law and the Law of Nature and Nations Sir Ludovic Grant 11th Baronet Regius Professor of Public Law at the University of Edinburgh 13 Feb 1901 11 See also editEconomic history of Scotland Government of Scotland Scotland in the modern era John Graham painter References edit Scottish government records after 1707 Edinburgh The National Archives of Scotland 2006 Retrieved 20 November 2011 National Galleries of Scotland Act 1906 Retrieved 2012 12 15 Miskell Louise Whatley C A Autumn 1999 Juteopolis in the Making Linen and the Industrial Transformation of Dundee c 1820 1850 Textile History 30 2 176 98 Durie Alastair J April 1973 The Markets for Scottish Linen 1730 1775 Scottish Historical Review 52 153 Part 1 30 49 JSTOR 25528985 Durie Alastair 1993 Imitation in Scottish Eighteenth Century Textiles The Drive to Establish the Manufacture of Osnaburg Linen Journal of Design History 6 2 71 6 Malcolm C A 1950 The History of the British Linen Bank Saville R 1996 Bank of Scotland a History 1695 1995 Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0 7486 0757 9 Daunton M J 1995 Progress and Poverty An Economic and Social History of Britain 1700 1850 Oxford Oxford University Press p 344 ISBN 0 19 822281 5 Cowen T Kroszner R May 1989 Scottish Banking before 1845 A Model for Laissez Faire Journal of Money Credit and Banking 21 2 221 31 JSTOR 1992370 a b c d No 27165 The London Gazette 16 February 1900 p 1076 No 27285 The London Gazette 15 February 1901 p 1146 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