As Bahru Zewde notes, in spite of its "marginal impact on the Resistance" the Black Lions made "eloquent attempts to give the struggle coherent ideological and political direction."[4]
The movement was founded in western Ethiopia, and included fighters such as the ShewanRas[nb 1] and a number of intellectuals who included the sons of Hakim Workneh Eshete and Heruy Welde Sellase, and Yilma Deressa.[5] Its chairman was Alemework Beyene, a veterinary surgeon educated in Britain. The organization had a constitution consisting of ten points, which included: asserting the supremacy of the political sphere over the military, injunctions against mistreating peasants and prisoners of war, forbidding its members from seeking exile and urging them to prefer death to capture by the enemy.[6]
The group was effectively disbanded following the surrender of the RasImru Haile Selassie 18 December 1936.[7] The majority of its members were killed by the Italians following the unsuccessful attempt on Rodolfo Graziani's life on 19 February 1937.[8] The few survivors included Alemework and Yilma.
Detailsedit
The Black Lions dominated the early resistance movement in Ethiopia. Members of the Black Lions included students from the Holeta Military Academy and foreign-educated Ethiopians. The military academy was founded in 1935 and is located in Holeta Genet.
The Black Lions convinced RasImru Haile Selassie to join them in the armed struggle since he was part of the dynamics that created the movement. Ras Imru was appointed by EmperorHaile Selassie as prince regent in his absence. Ras Imru was to reorganize and continue to resist the Italians. To do this, he fell back to Gore in southern Ethiopia. On 19 December 1936, after the Italians pinned him down on the north bank of the Gojeb River, Ras Imru surrendered. The Black Lions organization then collapsed, and many of its members were murdered.[9]
^Zewde, Bahru (2001). A History of Modern Ethiopia 1855-1991. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University Press. pp. 168. ISBN0-8214-1440-2.
^Shinn, David Hamilton; Ofcansky, Thomas P.; Prouty, Chris (2004). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 75. ISBN0-8108-4910-0.
^ Selassie, Haile I (1999). Marcus, Harold (ed.). My Life and Ethiopia's Progress: The Autobiography of Emperor Haile Selassie I, King of Kings and Lord of Lords. Vol. II. Translated by Gebions, Ezekiel. Chicago: Research Associates School Times Publications. p. 80. ISBN0-948390-40-9.
^Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), p. 174.
^Bahru Zewde, Pioneers of Change in Ethiopia (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 203
^Shinn, David Hamilton; Ofcansky, Thomas P.; Prouty, Chris (2004). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 75. ISBN0-8108-4910-0.
This article about an organization in Africa is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
black, lions, other, uses, black, lion, were, anti, fascist, resistance, movement, formed, fight, against, fascist, italy, during, occupation, ethiopian, empire, world, bahru, zewde, notes, spite, marginal, impact, resistance, made, eloquent, attempts, give, s. For other uses see Black Lion The Black Lions were an anti fascist resistance movement 1 formed to fight against Fascist Italy during the occupation of the Ethiopian Empire in World War II 2 3 As Bahru Zewde notes in spite of its marginal impact on the Resistance the Black Lions made eloquent attempts to give the struggle coherent ideological and political direction 4 Contents 1 History 2 Details 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 ReferencesHistory editThe movement was founded in western Ethiopia and included fighters such as the Shewan Ras nb 1 and a number of intellectuals who included the sons of Hakim Workneh Eshete and Heruy Welde Sellase and Yilma Deressa 5 Its chairman was Alemework Beyene a veterinary surgeon educated in Britain The organization had a constitution consisting of ten points which included asserting the supremacy of the political sphere over the military injunctions against mistreating peasants and prisoners of war forbidding its members from seeking exile and urging them to prefer death to capture by the enemy 6 The group was effectively disbanded following the surrender of the Ras Imru Haile Selassie 18 December 1936 7 The majority of its members were killed by the Italians following the unsuccessful attempt on Rodolfo Graziani s life on 19 February 1937 8 The few survivors included Alemework and Yilma Details editThe Black Lions dominated the early resistance movement in Ethiopia Members of the Black Lions included students from the Holeta Military Academy and foreign educated Ethiopians The military academy was founded in 1935 and is located in Holeta Genet The Black Lions convinced Ras Imru Haile Selassie to join them in the armed struggle since he was part of the dynamics that created the movement Ras Imru was appointed by Emperor Haile Selassie as prince regent in his absence Ras Imru was to reorganize and continue to resist the Italians To do this he fell back to Gore in southern Ethiopia On 19 December 1936 after the Italians pinned him down on the north bank of the Gojeb River Ras Imru surrendered The Black Lions organization then collapsed and many of its members were murdered 9 See also editItalian East Africa Second Italo Ethiopian WarFootnotes edit Roughly equivalent to Duke References edit Zewde Bahru 2001 A History of Modern Ethiopia 1855 1991 Addis Ababa Addis Ababa University Press pp 168 ISBN 0 8214 1440 2 Shinn David Hamilton Ofcansky Thomas P Prouty Chris 2004 Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia Lanham Maryland Scarecrow Press p 75 ISBN 0 8108 4910 0 Selassie Haile I 1999 Marcus Harold ed My Life and Ethiopia s Progress The Autobiography of Emperor Haile Selassie I King of Kings and Lord of Lords Vol II Translated by Gebions Ezekiel Chicago Research Associates School Times Publications p 80 ISBN 0 948390 40 9 Bahru Zewde A History of Modern Ethiopia second edition Oxford James Currey 2001 p 174 Bahru Zewde Pioneers of Change in Ethiopia Oxford James Currey 2002 p 203 Bahru Zewde A History p 175 Anthony Mockler Haile Selassie s War New York Olive Branch 2003 pp 168 Bahru Zewde Pioneers p 204 Shinn David Hamilton Ofcansky Thomas P Prouty Chris 2004 Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia Lanham Maryland Scarecrow Press p 75 ISBN 0 8108 4910 0 nbsp This article about an organization in Africa is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Black Lions amp oldid 1215601649, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
