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Iria Flavia

May 05, 2023

Iria Flavia or simply Iria in Galicia, northwestern Spain, is an ancient settlement and former bishopric in the modern municipality of Padrón, which remains a Catholic titular see.

History

Located at the confluence of the Sar and Ulla rivers, Iria was a port city, the main seat of the Celtic Capori tribe, on the road between Braga and Astorga. The Romans rebuilt the road as via XVIII or Via Nova and refounded the Celtiberian port as Iria Flavia ("Flavian Iria") to compliment Roman emperor Vespasian.

King Juan Carlos of Spain granted the illustrious resident and writer Camilo José Cela the title of Marqués de Iria Flavia.

Ecclesiastical history

No later than 561, perhaps from 400 AD, Iria was the seat of a bishopric, also known in Latin as Locus Sancti Iacobi ('place of Saint James', in Spanish Santiago), that became a suffragan of the (Portuguese) Metropolitan of the Archdiocese of Braga and shared its seat with (Santiago de) Compostela, which developed into Iberia's major pilgrimage destination (rivalling Rome and Jerusalem) then moved there in 1095. The modern city on the site of Iria Flavia is Padrón.

The followers of the executed bishop Priscillian of Avila were deeply embedded in the culture of Iberia's northwest. To restore Catholic orthodoxy in the Visigothic marches that were recovered from the Kingdom of the Suebi (Galicia) in a series of campaigns during the years leading up to 585, nine dioceses were established in Galicia, including Iria Flavia, mentioned in the document Parroquial suevo (ca 572–582); the Parroquial divides the region into dioceses and marks the first definitive integration of this zone in the monarchy of the Visigoths, who had been catholicized from Arianism in 587 (Quiroga and Lovell 1999). The list of the bishops of Iria present at councils and noted in other sources begins in the sixth century with an Andreas and gains historic credibility in the seventh . No commercial or political rationale for siting a bishop at Iria Flavia seems to present itself, though excavations have identified a cult sanctuary dating to the second half of the sixth century (Quiroga and Lovelle 1999). The relics that were identified with Saint James the Greater and which were transferred to Compostela may originally have determined the location of the diocese at Iria, to control the already sanctified site.

At any rate, otherwise unidentified considerations dictated that the new bishopric take the place of the older bishopric at Aquae Celenae (modern Caldes De Reis), which was a Roman municipium and administrative center that was formerly of considerably more importance than isolated Iria.

Under Adaulfus (Ataulf) II, the city was destroyed by Norse pirates, and bishop and chapter took refuge behind the strong walls of Compostela. Soon they petitioned Ordoño II of León and Pope Nicholas I to permit them (c. 860) to transfer the see from Iria to Compostela, near the sepulchre and church of St James (founded c. 835). Both pope and king consented, on condition that the honour of the see should be divided between the two places. From the second half of the ninth century the bishops of this see are known as Irienses or Sancti Jacobi, even ecclesiae apostolicae sancti Jacobi—though no apostolic succession was possible—and finally as Compostellani (Catholic Encyclopedia).

In 1024 it gained territory from the suppressed Diocese of Tui, only to lose it back in 1069 to (re)establish the Diocese of Tui.

In 1095, through reverence for the body and the sepulchre of St James, Urban II, by a Bull of December 5, withdrew from Iria its episcopal rank and transferred the see in its entirety to Compostela, in favour of the Cluniac bishop, Dalmatius, present at the Council of Clermont that year. At the same time Urban exempted it from the authority of the metropolitan and made it immediately subject to the Holy See.

About the year 1100 Diego Gelmírez, bishop of Compostela, rebuilt the former cathedral church, Santa Maria Adina, which had been destroyed by Almanzor. Excavations have revealed that the site was built on Roman foundations. A Roman votive figure of a bull has been found, published in Corpus Artis Gallaeciae .

As the legend of Saint James the Greater having proselytized in Hispania spread, Iria Flavia came to be accounted the first site of his preaching.

Residential Bishops of Iria Flavia

(possibly missing earlier incumbents)

  • Andrew (fl. 561 – 572)[a]
  • Dominicus (fl. 589)[b]
  • Samuel (fl. 633)[c]
  • Gotomar (fl. 638 – 646)[d]
  • Vincibilis (fl. 653)[e]
  • Ildulfus Felix (fl. 675 – 688)[f]
  • Selva, during the reign of Wittiza (694 – 702/3)
  • Theodesind (fl. 709)
  • Emila, during the reign of Pelagius (718–737)
  • Roman, during the reign of Fruela I (757–768)
  • Agustine, during the reign of Fruela I
  • Honoratus, during the reign of Fruela I
  • Vincele, during the reign of Aurelius (768–774)
  • Cresconius I, during the reign of Silo (774–783)
  • Vaula, during the reign of Mauregatus (783–789)
  • Quendulf (fl. c. 790–818)[g]
  • Theodemar (c. 818 – 847), discovered the tomb of Saint James in 830
  • Ataulf = Adaulfus I (c. 847 – c. 851)
  • Ataulf II (c. 851 – c. 867)
  • Sisenand I = Sisnando (877?79 – 919?20)
  • Gundesindo Alóitez (fl. 923) = Gundesindo (920? – 924)
  • Hermenegild(o) (924–951)
  • Sisenand II = Sisnando II (951?52 – 958?968)
  • Rudesind (apostolic administrator 970–977)
  • Pelayo Rodríguez (977 – resigned 985)
  • Pedro de Mezonzo (Peter I) (985?86 – 1003?)
  • Pelayo Díaz (fl. 1007) (1003? – 1011)
  • Vimara Díaz (fl. 1011 – 1013?)
  • Vistruarius = Vistruario (1014?16 – 1032?36)
  • Servandus (existence doubtful)
  • Cresconius II Cresconio (1037?48 – 1066)
  • Gudesteus = Gudesteo (1066?67 – 1069?70)
  • Diego Peláez (1071?75 – 1088? see below), first time
  • Peter II (1088–1090)
  • Diego Peláez (see above 1090–1094), second time
  • Dalmatius = Dalmacio (1094–1095), first bishop of the Latin rite


Titular see

[1] In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin Titular bishopric of Iria Flavia (also Curiate Italian) / Irien(sis) (Latin adjective).

So far it had only one incumbent, of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :

Sources and external links

  • Catholic Encyclopedia: Compostela
  • GCatholic - Iria Flavia
  • (In Spanish)
  • "Academia Iria Flavia"
  • from Archeologia Medievale vol xxvii (1999), pp 257–268

Notes

  1. ^ Signed the acts of the First Council of Braga and the Second Council of Braga.
  2. ^ Signed the acts of the Third Council of Toledo.
  3. ^ Signed the acts of the Fourth Council of Toledo.
  4. ^ Signed the acts of the Sixth Council of Toledo and the Seventh Council of Toledo.
  5. ^ Signed the acts of the Eighth Council of Toledo.
  6. ^ Signed the acts of the Third Council of Braga, the Twelfth Council of Toledo, the Thirteenth Council of Toledo and the Fifteenth Council of Toledo.
  7. ^ Was bishop during the reign of Bermudo I (788/9–791) and still alive in 818.

References

  1. ^ http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0938.htm GCatholic

May 05, 2023
iria, flavia, simply, iria, galicia, northwestern, spain, ancient, settlement, former, bishopric, modern, municipality, padrón, which, remains, catholic, titular, contents, history, ecclesiastical, history, residential, bishops, titular, sources, external, lin. Iria Flavia or simply Iria in Galicia northwestern Spain is an ancient settlement and former bishopric in the modern municipality of Padron which remains a Catholic titular see Contents 1 History 2 Ecclesiastical history 2 1 Residential Bishops of Iria Flavia 2 2 Titular see 3 Sources and external links 4 Notes 5 ReferencesHistory EditLocated at the confluence of the Sar and Ulla rivers Iria was a port city the main seat of the Celtic Capori tribe on the road between Braga and Astorga The Romans rebuilt the road as via XVIII or Via Nova and refounded the Celtiberian port as Iria Flavia Flavian Iria to compliment Roman emperor Vespasian King Juan Carlos of Spain granted the illustrious resident and writer Camilo Jose Cela the title of Marques de Iria Flavia Ecclesiastical history EditNo later than 561 perhaps from 400 AD Iria was the seat of a bishopric also known in Latin as Locus Sancti Iacobi place of Saint James in Spanish Santiago that became a suffragan of the Portuguese Metropolitan of the Archdiocese of Braga and shared its seat with Santiago de Compostela which developed into Iberia s major pilgrimage destination rivalling Rome and Jerusalem then moved there in 1095 The modern city on the site of Iria Flavia is Padron The followers of the executed bishop Priscillian of Avila were deeply embedded in the culture of Iberia s northwest To restore Catholic orthodoxy in the Visigothic marches that were recovered from the Kingdom of the Suebi Galicia in a series of campaigns during the years leading up to 585 nine dioceses were established in Galicia including Iria Flavia mentioned in the document Parroquial suevo ca 572 582 the Parroquial divides the region into dioceses and marks the first definitive integration of this zone in the monarchy of the Visigoths who had been catholicized from Arianism in 587 Quiroga and Lovell 1999 The list of the bishops of Iria present at councils and noted in other sources begins in the sixth century with an Andreas and gains historic credibility in the seventh 1 No commercial or political rationale for siting a bishop at Iria Flavia seems to present itself though excavations have identified a cult sanctuary dating to the second half of the sixth century Quiroga and Lovelle 1999 The relics that were identified with Saint James the Greater and which were transferred to Compostela may originally have determined the location of the diocese at Iria to control the already sanctified site At any rate otherwise unidentified considerations dictated that the new bishopric take the place of the older bishopric at Aquae Celenae modern Caldes De Reis which was a Roman municipium and administrative center that was formerly of considerably more importance than isolated Iria Under Adaulfus Ataulf II the city was destroyed by Norse pirates and bishop and chapter took refuge behind the strong walls of Compostela Soon they petitioned Ordono II of Leon and Pope Nicholas I to permit them c 860 to transfer the see from Iria to Compostela near the sepulchre and church of St James founded c 835 Both pope and king consented on condition that the honour of the see should be divided between the two places From the second half of the ninth century the bishops of this see are known as Irienses or Sancti Jacobi even ecclesiae apostolicae sancti Jacobi though no apostolic succession was possible and finally as Compostellani Catholic Encyclopedia In 1024 it gained territory from the suppressed Diocese of Tui only to lose it back in 1069 to re establish the Diocese of Tui In 1095 through reverence for the body and the sepulchre of St James Urban II by a Bull of December 5 withdrew from Iria its episcopal rank and transferred the see in its entirety to Compostela in favour of the Cluniac bishop Dalmatius present at the Council of Clermont that year At the same time Urban exempted it from the authority of the metropolitan and made it immediately subject to the Holy See About the year 1100 Diego Gelmirez bishop of Compostela rebuilt the former cathedral church Santa Maria Adina which had been destroyed by Almanzor Excavations have revealed that the site was built on Roman foundations A Roman votive figure of a bull has been found published in Corpus Artis Gallaeciae 2 As the legend of Saint James the Greater having proselytized in Hispania spread Iria Flavia came to be accounted the first site of his preaching Residential Bishops of Iria Flavia Edit possibly missing earlier incumbents Andrew fl 561 572 a Dominicus fl 589 b Samuel fl 633 c Gotomar fl 638 646 d Vincibilis fl 653 e Ildulfus Felix fl 675 688 f Selva during the reign of Wittiza 694 702 3 Theodesind fl 709 Emila during the reign of Pelagius 718 737 Roman during the reign of Fruela I 757 768 Agustine during the reign of Fruela I Honoratus during the reign of Fruela I Vincele during the reign of Aurelius 768 774 Cresconius I during the reign of Silo 774 783 Vaula during the reign of Mauregatus 783 789 Quendulf fl c 790 818 g Theodemar c 818 847 discovered the tomb of Saint James in 830 Ataulf Adaulfus I c 847 c 851 Ataulf II c 851 c 867 Sisenand I Sisnando 877 79 919 20 Gundesindo Aloitez fl 923 Gundesindo 920 924 Hermenegild o 924 951 Sisenand II Sisnando II 951 52 958 968 Rudesind apostolic administrator 970 977 Pelayo Rodriguez 977 resigned 985 Pedro de Mezonzo Peter I 985 86 1003 Pelayo Diaz fl 1007 1003 1011 Vimara Diaz fl 1011 1013 Vistruarius Vistruario 1014 16 1032 36 Servandus existence doubtful Cresconius II Cresconio 1037 48 1066 Gudesteus Gudesteo 1066 67 1069 70 Diego Pelaez 1071 75 1088 see below first time Peter II 1088 1090 Diego Pelaez see above 1090 1094 second time Dalmatius Dalmacio 1094 1095 first bishop of the Latin rite Titular see Edit 1 In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin Titular bishopric of Iria Flavia also Curiate Italian Irien sis Latin adjective So far it had only one incumbent of the fitting Episcopal lowest rank Ernst Franz Gerd Werner Dicke 1970 02 16 as Auxiliary Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen Germany 1970 02 16 2003 11 21 and since on emeritate Sources and external links EditCatholic Encyclopedia Compostela GCatholic Iria Flavia Iria de Flavia In Spanish Academia Iria Flavia Jorge Quiroga and Monica R Lovelle Ciudades atlanticas en transicion La ciudad tardo antigua y alto medieval en el noroeste de la Peninsula Iberica s V XI from Archeologia Medievale vol xxvii 1999 pp 257 268Notes Edit Signed the acts of the First Council of Braga and the Second Council of Braga Signed the acts of the Third Council of Toledo Signed the acts of the Fourth Council of Toledo Signed the acts of the Sixth Council of Toledo and the Seventh Council of Toledo Signed the acts of the Eighth Council of Toledo Signed the acts of the Third Council of Braga the Twelfth Council of Toledo the Thirteenth Council of Toledo and the Fifteenth Council of Toledo Was bishop during the reign of Bermudo I 788 9 791 and still alive in 818 References Edit http www gcatholic org dioceses former t0938 htm GCatholic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Iria Flavia amp oldid 1150211782, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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