This article is about the opopanax of perfumery. For the true opopanax, see Opopanax (genus).
Opopanax is the commercial name of bisabol or bissabol, the fragrant oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora guidottii. It has been a major export article from Somalia since ancient times, and is called hebbakhade, habaghadi or habak hadi (habbak haddi) in Somali. It is an important ingredient in perfumery and therefore known as scented myrrh, sweet myrrh, perfumed myrrh or perfumed bdellium.[1]
Bisabol, the oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora guidottii
Sometimes the oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora holtziana (often treated as a synonym of C. erythraea or C. kataf), called habak hagar, habaq hagar ad[1] or habbak harr[2] in Somali, is also sold under the name of opopanax.[1]
"Opopanax" originally refers to the gum resin from plants of the genus Opoponax which is used in herbal medicine rather than perfumery. In the early 20th century, the name "opopanax" was misapplied to bisabol in perfumery. Nowadays the true opopanax is seldom used and the commercial opopanax is almost exclusively bisabol. To distinguish bisabol from the true opoponax, it is often alternatively spelled opoponax, and sometimes referred to as the opopanax of perfumery or perfumery's opopanax.[1]
Botanical origin
The true botanical origin of perfumery's opopanax is a tree native to Somalia and Ethiopia, Commiphora guidottii Chiov. ex Guid., known as hadi in Somali.[1]
It has been mistakenly believed that the opopanax of perfumery comes from Commiphora erythraea (Ehrenb.) Engl. or Commiphora kataf subsp. erythraea (Ehrenb.) J.B.Gillett, owing to historical misidentification.[1]C. erythraea sensu stricto is narrowly distributed in the coastal region of the Red Sea,[1] but C. erythraea sensu lato incorporates Commiphora holtziana Engl. which is widely distributed in East Africa,[3] known as hagar ad or hagar in Somali.[1] The oleo-gum-resin of hagar ad is sometimes sold under the name of opopanax or perfumed bdellium.[1][4] This is not only because of historical misidentification,[1] but also attributable to their similar scents.[4] The oleo-gum-resin of hagar ad (C. holtziana or C. erythraea) is considered the second strongest-scented bdellium after that of hadi (C. guidottii).[4]
^ abcdefghijThulin, Mats; Claeson, Per (1991). "The botanical origin of scented myrrh (bissabol or habak hadi)". Economic Botany. 45 (4): 487–494. doi:10.1007/BF02930711. ISSN 0013-0001. JSTOR 4255391. S2CID 22229398.
^Cufodontis, Georg (1956). "Supplement: Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Sequentia)". Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État à Bruxelles. 26 (3): 345–440. doi:10.2307/3666927. ISSN 0374-6313. JSTOR 3666927.
^Gillett, Jan Bevington (1991). Flora of Tropical East Africa: Burseraceae. Boca Raton, FL, US: CRC Press. p. 81. ISBN978-90-6191-355-9.
^ abcDrake-Brockman, Ralph E. (1912). British Somaliland. London, England: Hurst & Blackett, Ltd. pp. 312–313.
opopanax, perfumery, this, article, about, opopanax, perfumery, true, opopanax, opopanax, genus, opopanax, commercial, name, bisabol, bissabol, fragrant, oleo, resin, commiphora, guidottii, been, major, export, article, from, somalia, since, ancient, times, ca. This article is about the opopanax of perfumery For the true opopanax see Opopanax genus Opopanax is the commercial name of bisabol or bissabol the fragrant oleo gum resin of Commiphora guidottii It has been a major export article from Somalia since ancient times and is called hebbakhade habaghadi or habak hadi habbak haddi in Somali It is an important ingredient in perfumery and therefore known as scented myrrh sweet myrrh perfumed myrrh or perfumed bdellium 1 Bisabol the oleo gum resin of Commiphora guidottii Sometimes the oleo gum resin of Commiphora holtziana often treated as a synonym of C erythraea or C kataf called habak hagar habaq hagar ad 1 or habbak harr 2 in Somali is also sold under the name of opopanax 1 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Botanical origin 3 Uses 4 See also 5 ReferencesEtymology EditMain article Opopanax genus Etymology Opopanax originally refers to the gum resin from plants of the genus Opoponax which is used in herbal medicine rather than perfumery In the early 20th century the name opopanax was misapplied to bisabol in perfumery Nowadays the true opopanax is seldom used and the commercial opopanax is almost exclusively bisabol To distinguish bisabol from the true opoponax it is often alternatively spelled opoponax and sometimes referred to as the opopanax of perfumery or perfumery s opopanax 1 Botanical origin EditThe true botanical origin of perfumery s opopanax is a tree native to Somalia and Ethiopia Commiphora guidottii Chiov ex Guid known as hadi in Somali 1 It has been mistakenly believed that the opopanax of perfumery comes from Commiphora erythraea Ehrenb Engl or Commiphora kataf subsp erythraea Ehrenb J B Gillett owing to historical misidentification 1 C erythraea sensu stricto is narrowly distributed in the coastal region of the Red Sea 1 but C erythraea sensu lato incorporates Commiphora holtziana Engl which is widely distributed in East Africa 3 known as hagar ad or hagar in Somali 1 The oleo gum resin of hagar ad is sometimes sold under the name of opopanax or perfumed bdellium 1 4 This is not only because of historical misidentification 1 but also attributable to their similar scents 4 The oleo gum resin of hagar ad C holtziana or C erythraea is considered the second strongest scented bdellium after that of hadi C guidottii 4 Uses EditA resinoid is prepared from the oleo gum resin by solvent extraction Steam distillation of the resin gives the essential oil which has a warm sweet balsamic odor Opopanax oil and resinoid are used in perfumes with oriental characteristics An IFRA recommendation exists 5 See also EditL Opoponax a 1964 novel by Monique Wittig Opopanax genus Myrrh BdelliumReferences Edit a b c d e f g h i j Thulin Mats Claeson Per 1991 The botanical origin of scented myrrh bissabol or habak hadi Economic Botany 45 4 487 494 doi 10 1007 BF02930711 ISSN 0013 0001 JSTOR 4255391 S2CID 22229398 Cufodontis Georg 1956 Supplement Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta Sequentia Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l Etat a Bruxelles 26 3 345 440 doi 10 2307 3666927 ISSN 0374 6313 JSTOR 3666927 Gillett Jan Bevington 1991 Flora of Tropical East Africa Burseraceae Boca Raton FL US CRC Press p 81 ISBN 978 90 6191 355 9 a b c Drake Brockman Ralph E 1912 British Somaliland London England Hurst amp Blackett Ltd pp 312 313 Karl Georg Fahlbusch et al 2007 Flavors and Fragrances Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed Wiley pp 107 108 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Opopanax perfumery amp oldid 1131255643, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
