The term "biome" has several meanings. In a narrow sense (e.g., Whittaker, 1975; Coutinho, 2006), used in literature, it names physio-functionally defined small-scale areas, habitat types or ecosystem types. Although it includes both the plants and the animals and microorganisms of a community, in practice, it is defined by the climate and physiognomy or general appearance of the plants of the community.[2][3][4]
In the broad sense, adopted by Joly et al. (1978) and the IBGE (2016), biome can be understood as a synonym of "biogeographic province" (e.g., Rizzini, 1963, Eiten 1977, Cabrera and Willink 1980, the term "floristic province" or "phytogeographic" is used when considering plant species only), or as an approximate synonym of "morphoclimatic and phytogeographical domain" (Ab'Sáber, 1967, 2003).[2]
In this broad sense, the "Projeto Radam" (Veloso et al., 1973) applies the term "phytoecological region", and IBGE (2012) adopts the term "floristic region".[5] However, the term "region" must be understood, in this case, in the generalist sense of "area". The terms "region" and "province" have specific traditional meanings in phytogeography: regions are areas characterized by endemic families, and provinces are areas characterized by endemic genera and species.[6]
In the case of the 'domains' of Ab'Sáber (1967, 2003), the defined area is characterized by the predominance of certain geomorphological and climatic characteristics, and also by a certain predominant floristic province (vegetative type). However, there is no uniformity: enclaves from other provinces, characteristics of other domains, may occur within this area.[2]
Terrestrial biomes
Amazônia
Amazônia
The Amazon Forest is the largest forest formation on the planet, conditioned by the humid equatorial climate. It is equivalent to 35% of the forest areas of the planet. It has a wide variety of plant formations. Most of Brazil is covered by the Amazon's forest areas and this number is around 60% and within that there is about 55,000 different species of plants populating it.
Cerrado
Cerrado
The Cerrado presents diverse regions, ranging from clean fields devoid of woody vegetation to cerradão, a dense tree formation. Its climate is particularly striking, presenting two well-defined seasons. The Cerrado is made up of grasslands, Savannahs and dry forests. It is the second largest biome behind the Amazon in South America. It covers around 21% of territory in Brazil and is located in the highlands of central Brazil.
Mata Atlântica
The Atlantic Forest is composed of a series of ecosystems with very different structures and composition of flowers, as well as the climatic characteristics of the region where it occurs, having as a common element the exposure to the humid winds that blow from the ocean.
Caatinga
Caatinga
The Caatinga has dry soils and its vegetation is formed by palm trees, such as buriti, oiticica, babassu and carnauba. Much of its northeastern part suffers a high risk of desertification due to the degradation of vegetation cover and soil. Caatinga is located in the Northeast part of South America and covers about 12% of the region.
The Pampa is characterized by the amount of herbaceous species and several typologies of the country, composing in some regions, environments integrated with the Araucária forest. The flat plains of the Gaucho plains and plateaus and the soft-wavy reliefs are colonized by pioneering species that form an open savanna vegetation.
Pantanal
Pantanal
The Pantanal is an alluvial plain influenced by rivers that drain the basin of the Upper Paraguay, where it develops a fauna and flora of rare beauty and abundance. This ecosystem is formed by largely sandy terrains, covered by different physiognomies due to the variety of microregions and flood regimes.
The Brazilian marine biome is located on the "Marine Zone of Brazil", the continental shelf biotope, and presents several ecosystems.
The Brazilian Coastal Zone has as distinctive aspects in its long extension through different biomes that arrive until the coast, the biome of the Amazônia, the biome of the Caatinga and bioma of the Atlantic Forest. These biomes with wide variety of species and ecosystems, cover more than 8,500 km of coastline.
^"Mapas e Cartografia - Mapa de Biomas do Brasil". Terrabrasilis.org.br. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
^ abcWalter, Bruno Machado Teles (March 2006). Fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado : síntese terminológica e relações florísticas [Phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado biome: terminological synthesis and floristic relationships] (Thesis) (in Portuguese). hdl:10482/3086.
^Coutinho, Leopoldo Magno (March 2006). "O conceito de bioma" [The biome concept]. Acta Botanica Brasilica (in Portuguese). 20 (1): 13–23. doi:10.1590/S0102-33062006000100002.
^Batalha, Marco Antônio (March 2011). "O cerrado não é um bioma" [The Brazilian cerrado is not a biome]. Biota Neotropica (in Portuguese). 11 (1): 21–24. doi:10.1590/S1676-06032011000100001.
^"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística". Ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 2016-12-09.
^Braun-Blanquet, J. (1932). "Plant sociology; the study of plant communities". New York and London: McGraw-Hill.
biomes, brazil, according, ibge, 2004, brazil, territory, occupied, terrestrial, biomes, marine, biome, distribution, biomes, brazil, contents, terminology, terrestrial, biomes, amazônia, cerrado, mata, atlântica, caatinga, pampa, pantanal, marine, biome, also. According to IBGE 2004 1 Brazil has its territory occupied by six terrestrial biomes and one marine biome A map of the distribution of biomes in Brazil Contents 1 Terminology 2 Terrestrial biomes 2 1 Amazonia 2 2 Cerrado 2 3 Mata Atlantica 2 4 Caatinga 2 5 Pampa 2 6 Pantanal 3 Marine biome 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksTerminology EditThe term biome has several meanings In a narrow sense e g Whittaker 1975 Coutinho 2006 used in literature it names physio functionally defined small scale areas habitat types or ecosystem types Although it includes both the plants and the animals and microorganisms of a community in practice it is defined by the climate and physiognomy or general appearance of the plants of the community 2 3 4 In the broad sense adopted by Joly et al 1978 and the IBGE 2016 biome can be understood as a synonym of biogeographic province e g Rizzini 1963 Eiten 1977 Cabrera and Willink 1980 the term floristic province or phytogeographic is used when considering plant species only or as an approximate synonym of morphoclimatic and phytogeographical domain Ab Saber 1967 2003 2 In this broad sense the Projeto Radam Veloso et al 1973 applies the term phytoecological region and IBGE 2012 adopts the term floristic region 5 However the term region must be understood in this case in the generalist sense of area The terms region and province have specific traditional meanings in phytogeography regions are areas characterized by endemic families and provinces are areas characterized by endemic genera and species 6 In the case of the domains of Ab Saber 1967 2003 the defined area is characterized by the predominance of certain geomorphological and climatic characteristics and also by a certain predominant floristic province vegetative type However there is no uniformity enclaves from other provinces characteristics of other domains may occur within this area 2 Terrestrial biomes EditAmazonia Edit Amazonia The Amazon Forest is the largest forest formation on the planet conditioned by the humid equatorial climate It is equivalent to 35 of the forest areas of the planet It has a wide variety of plant formations Most of Brazil is covered by the Amazon s forest areas and this number is around 60 and within that there is about 55 000 different species of plants populating it Cerrado Edit Cerrado The Cerrado presents diverse regions ranging from clean fields devoid of woody vegetation to cerradao a dense tree formation Its climate is particularly striking presenting two well defined seasons The Cerrado is made up of grasslands Savannahs and dry forests It is the second largest biome behind the Amazon in South America It covers around 21 of territory in Brazil and is located in the highlands of central Brazil Mata Atlantica Edit The Atlantic Forest is composed of a series of ecosystems with very different structures and composition of flowers as well as the climatic characteristics of the region where it occurs having as a common element the exposure to the humid winds that blow from the ocean Caatinga Edit Caatinga The Caatinga has dry soils and its vegetation is formed by palm trees such as buriti oiticica babassu and carnauba Much of its northeastern part suffers a high risk of desertification due to the degradation of vegetation cover and soil Caatinga is located in the Northeast part of South America and covers about 12 of the region Pampa Edit Pampa The Pampa is characterized by the amount of herbaceous species and several typologies of the country composing in some regions environments integrated with the Araucaria forest The flat plains of the Gaucho plains and plateaus and the soft wavy reliefs are colonized by pioneering species that form an open savanna vegetation Pantanal Edit Pantanal The Pantanal is an alluvial plain influenced by rivers that drain the basin of the Upper Paraguay where it develops a fauna and flora of rare beauty and abundance This ecosystem is formed by largely sandy terrains covered by different physiognomies due to the variety of microregions and flood regimes Marine biome Edit The Fernando de Noronha archipelago The Brazilian marine biome is located on the Marine Zone of Brazil the continental shelf biotope and presents several ecosystems The Brazilian Coastal Zone has as distinctive aspects in its long extension through different biomes that arrive until the coast the biome of the Amazonia the biome of the Caatinga and bioma of the Atlantic Forest These biomes with wide variety of species and ecosystems cover more than 8 500 km of coastline See also EditGeography of Brazil Environmental issues in BrazilReferences Edit Mapas e Cartografia Mapa de Biomas do Brasil Terrabrasilis org br Retrieved 2016 12 09 a b c Walter Bruno Machado Teles March 2006 Fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado sintese terminologica e relacoes floristicas Phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado biome terminological synthesis and floristic relationships Thesis in Portuguese hdl 10482 3086 Coutinho Leopoldo Magno March 2006 O conceito de bioma The biome concept Acta Botanica Brasilica in Portuguese 20 1 13 23 doi 10 1590 S0102 33062006000100002 Batalha Marco Antonio March 2011 O cerrado nao e um bioma The Brazilian cerrado is not a biome Biota Neotropica in Portuguese 11 1 21 24 doi 10 1590 S1676 06032011000100001 Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica Ibge gov br Retrieved 2016 12 09 Braun Blanquet J 1932 Plant sociology the study of plant communities New York and London McGraw Hill 1 External links EditGoverno Federal MMA permanent dead link PORTALBio Biodiversidade brasileira Biomas brasileiros IBGE Biomas Brasileiros invivo Invivo Environment Cerrado Biome Cerrado Biome Biomes Brazil Retrieved 2019 04 14 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Biomes in Brazil amp oldid 1085837434, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
