The carina of trachea (also: "tracheal carina"[1]) is a ridge[1] of cartilage[2] at the base of the trachea separating the openings of the left and right main bronchi.[1][2]
Transverse section of the trachea, just above its bifurcation, with a bird’s-eye view of the interior. (Carina not labeled; the ridge that separates the left and right bronchus.)
The carina is a cartilaginous ridge separating the left and right main bronchi that is formed by the inferior-ward and posterior-ward prolongation of the inferior-most tracheal cartilage.[2]
The carina occurs at the lower end of the trachea - usually at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebra.[3][4] This is in line with the sternal angle, but the carina may raise or descend up to two vertebrae higher or lower with breathing. The carina lies to the left of the midline, and runs antero-posteriorly (front to back).[citation needed]
The carina is around the area posterior to where the aortic arch crosses to the left of the trachea.[4] The azygos vein crosses right to the trachea above the carina.[6]
Physiologyedit
The mucous membrane of the carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex.[citation needed]
Clinical significanceedit
Tracheobronchial injury, an injury to the airways, occurs within 2.5 cm of the carina 60% of the time.[7]
Diagnostic radiologyedit
Widening and distortion of the carina is a serious radiological sign that usually indicates carcinoma of the lymph nodes around the region where the trachea divides.[citation needed]
Additional imagesedit
Anatomical dissection of trachea and main bronchi showing the carina
Anatomy of the trachea
Referencesedit
^ abc"tracheal carina - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". www.cancer.gov. 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
^Fernandez, Luis G.; Norwood, Scott H.; Berne, John D. (2008-01-01), Asensio, JUAN A.; Trunkey, DONALD D. (eds.), "Tracheal, Laryngeal, and Oropharyngeal Injuries", Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 215–226, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04418-9.50036-9, ISBN978-0-323-04418-9, retrieved 2020-11-17
^ abSchipper, Paul; Sukumar, Mithran; Mayberry, John C. (2008-01-01), Asensio, JUAN A.; Trunkey, DONALD D. (eds.), "Pertinent Surgical Anatomy of the Thorax and Mediastinum", Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 227–251, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04418-9.50037-0, ISBN978-0-323-04418-9, retrieved 2020-11-17
^Acocella, F.; Brizzola, S. (2011-01-01), Bosworth, Lucy A.; Downes, Sandra (eds.), "12 - Tracheal tissue regeneration", Electrospinning for Tissue Regeneration, Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 242–279, doi:10.1533/9780857092915.2.242, ISBN978-1-84569-741-9, retrieved 2020-11-17
^Hardie, E. (2014-01-01), Langley-Hobbs, Sorrel J.; Demetriou, Jackie L.; Ladlow, Jane F. (eds.), "Chapter 46 - Trachea and bronchus", Feline Soft Tissue and General Surgery, W.B. Saunders, pp. 531–540, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4336-9.00046-9, ISBN978-0-7020-4336-9, retrieved 2020-11-17
carina, trachea, carina, trachea, also, tracheal, carina, ridge, cartilage, base, trachea, separating, openings, left, right, main, bronchi, cartilages, larynx, trachea, bronchi, carina, point, bifurcation, transverse, section, trachea, just, above, bifurcatio. The carina of trachea also tracheal carina 1 is a ridge 1 of cartilage 2 at the base of the trachea separating the openings of the left and right main bronchi 1 2 Carina of tracheaCartilages of larynx trachea and bronchi Carina is at the point of bifurcation Transverse section of the trachea just above its bifurcation with a bird s eye view of the interior Carina not labeled the ridge that separates the left and right bronchus DetailsSystemRespiratory systemIdentifiersLatincarina tracheaeTA98A06 3 01 009TA23225FMA7465Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Blood supply 1 2 Relations 2 Physiology 3 Clinical significance 3 1 Diagnostic radiology 4 Additional images 5 References 6 External linksStructure editThe carina is a cartilaginous ridge separating the left and right main bronchi that is formed by the inferior ward and posterior ward prolongation of the inferior most tracheal cartilage 2 The carina occurs at the lower end of the trachea usually at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebra 3 4 This is in line with the sternal angle but the carina may raise or descend up to two vertebrae higher or lower with breathing The carina lies to the left of the midline and runs antero posteriorly front to back citation needed Blood supply edit The bronchial arteries supply the carina and the rest of the lower trachea 5 Relations edit The carina is around the area posterior to where the aortic arch crosses to the left of the trachea 4 The azygos vein crosses right to the trachea above the carina 6 Physiology editThe mucous membrane of the carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex citation needed Clinical significance editTracheobronchial injury an injury to the airways occurs within 2 5 cm of the carina 60 of the time 7 Diagnostic radiology edit Widening and distortion of the carina is a serious radiological sign that usually indicates carcinoma of the lymph nodes around the region where the trachea divides citation needed Additional images edit nbsp Anatomical dissection of trachea and main bronchi showing the carina nbsp Anatomy of the tracheaReferences edit a b c tracheal carina NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms www cancer gov 2011 02 02 Retrieved 2022 12 29 a b c carina tracheae TheFreeDictionary com Retrieved 2022 12 29 Fernandez Luis G Norwood Scott H Berne John D 2008 01 01 Asensio JUAN A Trunkey DONALD D eds Tracheal Laryngeal and Oropharyngeal Injuries Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care Philadelphia Mosby pp 215 226 doi 10 1016 b978 0 323 04418 9 50036 9 ISBN 978 0 323 04418 9 retrieved 2020 11 17 a b Schipper Paul Sukumar Mithran Mayberry John C 2008 01 01 Asensio JUAN A Trunkey DONALD D eds Pertinent Surgical Anatomy of the Thorax and Mediastinum Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care Philadelphia Mosby pp 227 251 doi 10 1016 b978 0 323 04418 9 50037 0 ISBN 978 0 323 04418 9 retrieved 2020 11 17 Acocella F Brizzola S 2011 01 01 Bosworth Lucy A Downes Sandra eds 12 Tracheal tissue regeneration Electrospinning for Tissue Regeneration Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials Woodhead Publishing pp 242 279 doi 10 1533 9780857092915 2 242 ISBN 978 1 84569 741 9 retrieved 2020 11 17 Hardie E 2014 01 01 Langley Hobbs Sorrel J Demetriou Jackie L Ladlow Jane F eds Chapter 46 Trachea and bronchus Feline Soft Tissue and General Surgery W B Saunders pp 531 540 doi 10 1016 b978 0 7020 4336 9 00046 9 ISBN 978 0 7020 4336 9 retrieved 2020 11 17 Chu CP Chen PP April 2002 Tracheobronchial injury secondary to blunt chest trauma Diagnosis and management Anaesth Intensive Care 30 2 145 52 doi 10 1177 0310057X0203000204 PMID 12002920 External links edit nbsp Look up carina in Wiktionary the free dictionary Atlas image lung carina at the University of Michigan Health System Cast of trachea and bronchi anterior view 2 dead link Trachea and carina tomogram coronal plane at SUNY Downstate Medical Center Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine Carina tracheae entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms U S National Cancer Institute Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carina of trachea amp oldid 1180259500, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
