Biblioteca Civica Gambalunga
The Biblioteca Civica Gambalunga, also known as the Gambalunghiana, is a public library in Rimini, in the region of Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy.
| Gambalunga Civic Library | |
|---|---|
| Biblioteca Civica Gambalunga | |
Façade of the Palazzo Gambalunga, January 2015 | |
| 44°03′41″N 12°34′04″E / 44.0614°N 12.5677°E | |
| Location | Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy |
| Type | Public library |
| Established | 1619 |
| Collection | |
| Items collected | Books, periodicals, engravings, drawings, prints, photographs, music scores, CD-ROMs, audiocassettes, media |
| Size | >300,000 physical exhibits
|
| Other information | |
| Director | Nadia Bizzocchi (since 2022) |
| Parent organisation | SBN Romagna |
| Website | bibliotecagambalunga |
The library was founded in 1619 following a bequest by Riminese lawyer Alessandro Gambalunga.[1][2] As of December 2023, the Gambalunghiana's collection holds over 300,000 physical exhibits, including 293,879 books.[3] Readers known to have visited the library include Ezra Pound, Ambroise Firmin Didot, and Aby Warburg.[4]
History edit
Foundation edit
The Palazzo Gambalunga, as the building housing the library is known, was commissioned by Alessandro Gambalunga, a Riminese lawyer.[1][4] It was constructed between 1610 and 1614 at the cost of 70,000 scudi.[1] The road, then named Via del Rigagnolo della Fontana, was already inhabited by nobles.[1][5]
The library was purchased mostly in Venice, and transported by sea to Rimini,[1] where the books featuring Gambalunga's distinctive binding were bound in a workshop.[1][4] Gambalunga predominantly stocked humanistic titles,[4] with law books accompanied by Greek and Latin classics, and works in history, early modern science, Italian literature, grammar, poetry, and rhetoric. They were placed in the lower room of the house.[1]
Gambalunga died on 12 August 1619. His 1617 will, drawn in Pesaro, bequeathed the library to the city's consuls,[1] to be open "to all the others in the city".[2] The will also provided an annual salary of 50 scudi for a librarian and 300 scudi per year to restore and expand the collection. A codicil written three days before his death added the Palazzo Gambalunga to the bequest and nominated Michele Moretti as the first librarian. The inventory of the library was drawn up by notary Mario Bentivegni between 3 September and 17 November 1620, and was found to include 1,438 volumes and just under 2,000 works.[1] The library was relocated to the ground floor.[2][4]
The Gambalunghiana's foundation is unusual among libraries of its era, being founded by a lay person rather than by a cardinal.[6] It had no comparable local precedents.[1]
Later years edit
By 1715, the library's collection had increased to 7,487 books.[7] During the eighteenth century, Giuseppe Garampi, Prefect of the Vatican Archives, was a notable donor to the library.[7][8] He frequented the library as a sixteen-year-old boy,[2][7] and in later life, he deposited many incunables and codices, including a De Civitate Dei written for the Malatestas.[6][7] He bequeathed the library 27 incunables upon his death in 1792, including a first edition of Roberto Valturio's De re militari and 86 codices.[7][8] Local historians consider Garampi's contribution to the Gambalunghiana as crucial to Rimini's renewal, led by his teacher, Giovanni Bianchi, as a cultural centre rather than isolated provincial town.[6]
With the foundation of the Cisalpine Republic in 1797, the library inherited over 5,000 volumes from suppressed religious orders.[9] In November 1800, a municipal ginnasio was established in the Palazzo Gambalunga,[10][11][12] made necessary by the Cisalpine Republic's abolition of schools and seminaries run by the Catholic Church.[12][13] In 1940, the ginnasio merged with the classical lyceum, moving to its premises on Palazzo Buonadrata on the Corso d'Augusto.[13]
In 1893, the library recorded an annual average of 800 users. By 1932, it numbered 36,946 volumes consulted by 23,418 readers. It was among the few buildings in Rimini's city centre not to be destroyed by the Second World War. The library was renovated in the early 1970s,[2] and returned to the first floor of the Palazzo Gambalunga.[5] In 1974, the library began its photographic archives.[3] In 1989, it joined the Romagna hub of Italy's National Library Service.[14] In 1990, it numbered 87,633 users.[2]
In April 2019, semiotician Paolo Fabbri donated fifty philosophical works and manuscripts to the library on the occasion of its 400th anniversary.[15]
Collections and exhibits edit
As of December 2023, the Gambalunghiana's collection holds 293,879 books, including 60,000 rare books, 384 incunables, 5,000 16th-century books,[3] 1,350 codices, 6,000 prints, and approximately 2,400 periodicals (330 current serials).[4] The library also has 7,144 engravings and drawings.[3]
Among notable exhibits include an 11th-century Evangelarium, an early 12th-century codex of Honorius Augustodunensis, a codex by Hugh of Saint Victor, and letters from Giovanni Bianchi. A collection from Adolphe Noël des Vergers records the French project for a collection of Latin epigraphy and other 19th-century archaeological ventures;[4] the collection is housed in the Sala des Vergers, which was purpose-built in 1938.[16] Other notable collections derive from the librarian Luigi Tonini and his son and successor, Carlo, and several families and photographers.[8][17] The library also hosts local publications and other exhibits relevant to the history of Rimini; its earliest gazzette is dated 10 August 1660.[4][6]
The Gambalunghiana includes a film collection on its ground floor, and also collects music scores, CD-ROMs, and audiocassettes.[4] Its collection numbers 16,605 books and audiovisuals from the Cineteca Nazionale, and over a million photographic images.[3]
Architecture edit
The Palazzo Gambalunga is Renaissance in its architectural style, influenced by Sebastiano Serlio and Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola.[4][1] It is centred on an inner courtyard,[4] which since 1928 has featured an eighteenth-century well of Istrian stone.[5]
The ground floor includes the library's film collection, an exhibition space,[4] and the children's library. It initially housed the building's stables, workshops, garages and warehouses,[5] and the library was moved to the three rooms on the ground floor after Gambalunga's death.[4][2]
After the 1970s renovations,[5] the library returned to the first floor,[2] which originally housed the apartments of Gambalunga and his wife, Raffaella Diotallevi.[5] Notable among the rooms is a rococo room with two Blaeu globes,[4] dated to 1622 and 1640 in Amsterdam.[18] Of the four oldest rooms, the first three date to the early 17th century,[4] and include walnut shelves installed under Moretti's guardianship.[18] The newer room was furnished in 1756,[7] designed by Giovanni Battista Costa,[3][7] to accommodate new books.[7]
The top floor housed granaries, servants' quarters, the bookbinding workshop.[5]
List of librarians and directors edit
- Michele Moretti (1619–49)[18]
- Girolamo Avanzolini (1649–78)[18]
- Malatesta Garuffi (1678–94)[18]
- Giuseppe Simbeni (1694–96)[7]
- Girolamo Soleri (1696–1711)[7]
- Ignazio Vanzi (1711–15)[7]
- Antonio Brancaleone (1715–41)[7]
- Lodovico Bianchelli (1741–48)[7]
- Bernardino Brunelli (1748–67)[7]
- Epifanio Brunelli (1767–96)[7]
- Lorenzo Antonio Drudi (1797–1818)[9]
- Luigi Nardi (1818–37)[9]
- Antonio Bianchi (1837–40)[9]
- Luigi Tonini (1840–74)[9]
- Carlo Tonini (1874–1907)[17]
- Aldo Francesco Massera (1908–1928)[14]
- Carlo Lucchesi (1929–1952)[14]
- Mario Zuffa (1954–1970)[14]
- Piero Meldini (1972–1998)[19]
- Marcello Di Bella (1998–2010)[20]
- Oriana Maroni (?–2021)[21]
- Nadia Bizzocchi (2022–)[22]
See also edit
- Villa des Vergers – a countryside villa in Rimini from which the Gambalunghiana's des Vergers collection derives[16]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Alessandro Gambalunga". Biblioteca Gambalunga (in Italian). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Vagli, Letizia. "Biblioteca Civica Gambalunga (Rimini)". Ministry of Culture (in Italian). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "Biblioteca civica Gambalunga". Rimini Turismo (in Italian). 12 December 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Biblioteca Civica Gambalunga". Consortium of European Research Libraries. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Biblioteca Civica Gambalunga". Comune di Rimini (in Italian). Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d Bessone, Vera (9 April 2021). "Oriana Maroni: "Gambalunga forziere della storia di Rimini"" [Oriana Maroni: "Gambalunga treasure chest of Rimini's history"]. Corriere Romagna (in Italian). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "La Gambalunghiana nel Settecento: il ruolo del Cardinale Garampi" [The Gambalunga in the 18th century: The role of Cardinal Garampi]. Biblioteca Gambalunga (in Italian). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ a b c "Il semiologo Paolo Fabbri dona alla Gambalunga i libri antichi appartenuto alla madre" [The semiologist Paolo Fabbri donates to Gambalunga the ancient books that belonged to his mother]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 13 April 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "La Gambalunghiana nell'Ottocento: la nuova figura del bibliotecario erudito" [The Gambalunga in the nineteenth century: The new figure of the learned librarian]. Biblioteca Gambalunga (in Italian). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ Ceccarelli, Sara Alice (16 February 2017). "Liceo Classico Giulio Cesare - Memoria, identità e spinta verso il futuro" [Giulio Cesare Classical Lyceum – Memory, identity and drive towards the future]. Il Ponte (in Italian). Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "La "rimpatriata" del Giulio Cesare" [The "repatriation" of the Julius Caesar]. Corriere Romagna (in Italian). 7 May 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b Villa, Sandra (29 September 2016). "Professoressa Sandra Villa, Preside del Liceo Classico di Rimini: "Orientamenti educativi tra passato e futuro"" [Professor Sandra Villa, Principal of the Rimini Lyceum: “Educational orientations between past and future”]. Rotary Rimini (in Italian). Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b "La nostra storia" [Our history]. Liceo Giulio Cesare–Manara Valgimigli. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d "La Gambalunghiana nel Novecento" [The Gambalunga in the 20th century]. Biblioteca Gambalunga (in Italian). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "Il semiologo Paolo Fabbri dona alla Gambalunga i libri antichi appartenuto alla madre" [The semiologist Paolo Fabbri donates to Gambalunga the ancient books that belonged to his mother]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 13 April 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Al via i festeggiamenti per i 400 anni della Gambalunga, tra libri proibiti e sale antiche" [The celebrations for the 400th anniversary of Gambalunga are underway, among forbidden books and ancient rooms]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 23 April 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ a b "La Gambalunghiana nell'Ottocento: Luigi e Carlo Tonini" [The Gambalunga in the nineteenth century: Luigi and Carlo Tonini]. Biblioteca Gambalunga (in Italian). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "La Gambalunghiana nel Seicento" [The Gambalunga in the 17th century]. Biblioteca Gambalunga (in Italian). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ Bessone, Vera (29 September 1998). "Una biblioteca per tutti: Il successore di Piero Meldini parla dei progetti per l'istituzione" [A library for everyone: The successor of Piero Meldini speaks on projects for the institution] (in Italian). Corriere di Rimini. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "Direttore della biblioteca Gambalunga e grande uomo di cultura, Rimini piange Marcello Di Bella" [Director of the Gambalunga Library and great man of culture, Rimini mourns Marcello Di Bella]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 6 February 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "La direttrice della Gambalunga va in pensione, ad Oriana Maroni i ringraziamenti del Comune" [The Director of the Gambalunga retires: Thanks from the Municipality to Oriana Maroni]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 31 March 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "Nadia Bizzocchi nuova direttrice della Biblioteca civica Gambalunga | Comune di Rimini" [Nadia Bizzocchi is the new director of the Gambalunga Civic Library]. Comune di Rimini (in Italian). 24 March 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024.