The Berliner Joyce design, a conventional biplane of mixed metal and fabric construction with staggered wings and the pilot and observer seated in tandem in open cockpits, first flew in May 1931. By that time the rival XOK-1 was already destroyed in a crash. Following trials that lasted into 1932, BuAer awarded Berliner-Joyce a contract.[1]
An order for 18 production aircraft designated OJ-2 was placed in March 1932, and two more orders followed, one in May 1933 for nine aircraft and a further 12 aircraft in December 1933 for use by reserve units.
One OJ-2 modified in early 1934 with an NACA-type cowling and enclosed cockpits was delivered for trials as the XOJ-3, but after a crash it was rebuilt and returned to service as an OJ-2.[1]
Operational historyEdit
The OJ entered service with VS-5B and VS-6B in 1933 mainly for use on Omaha class light cruisers. Some OJs were used by reserve units with the first being VN-6R which were based near Washington to train reserve pilots and to enable staff officers to maintain their flying categories. By 1936 all the remaining aircraft were operated by reserve units and at the outbreak of the Second World War 29 aircraft were still in service. The Navy stopped the overhaul program for the aircraft and by the middle of 1941 all of them had been struck off charge.
Unusually for its generation, only four aircraft were lost in accidents without any loss of life.
VariantsEdit
XOJ-1
Prototype powered by a 400hp R-985-1 Wasp Junior radial engine, one built.
OJ-2
Production variant which had interchangeable floats or wheeled landing gear, 39 built.
XOJ-3
One production OJ-2 modified with NACA cowling and enclosed cockpit; later reverted to the standard OJ-2 configuration and returned to service.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berliner-Joyce OJ.
CitationsEdit
^ abcdJohnson, E.R. (2011). United States Naval Aviation 1919-1941. Aircraft, Airships and Ships Between the Wars. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 118–119. ISBN978-0-7864-4550-9.
^Swanborough, Gordon; Bowers, Peter M. (1976). United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London: Putnam. p. 415. ISBN0-370-10054-9.
^"Foreign Aircraft:The B/J OJ-2 Observation Aircraft". Flight. No. 10 May 1934. p. 468.
^Sharpe, Michael (2000). Biplanes, Triplanes, and Seaplanes. London: Friedman/Fairfax Books. p. 78. ISBN1-58663-300-7.
BibliographyEdit
Andrade, John (1979). U.S.Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Midland Counties Publications. ISBN0-904597-22-9.
"Foreign Aircraft:The B/J OJ-2 Observation Aircraft". Flight. No. 10 May 1934. p. 468.
Swanborough, Gordon; Bowers, Peter M. (1976). United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London: Putnam. ISBN0-370-10054-9.
August 31, 2023
berliner, joyce, american, biplane, observation, floatplane, developed, berliner, joyce, aircraft, united, states, navy, during, early, 1930s, diegorole, observationnational, origin, united, statesmanufacturer, berliner, joyce, aircraftfirst, flight, 1931intro. The Berliner Joyce OJ was an American biplane observation floatplane developed by the Berliner Joyce Aircraft for the United States Navy during the early 1930s Berliner Joyce OJOJ 2 at NAS San DiegoRole ObservationNational origin United StatesManufacturer Berliner Joyce AircraftFirst flight 1931Introduction 1933Retired 1941Primary user United States NavyNumber built 39 1 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Specifications OJ 2 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 BibliographyDesign and development EditThe origins of the OJ stemmed from a 1929 Bureau of Aeronautics BuAer requirement calling for an observation seaplane intended for service aboard Omaha class light cruisers readily convertible to wheels or floats and light enough to operate from the cruiser type catapult 1 Prototypes were ordered from Keystone Loening then a subsidiary of Curtiss Wright Berliner Joyce and Vought and designated as the XOK 1 XOJ 1 and XO4U 1 respectively The Berliner Joyce design a conventional biplane of mixed metal and fabric construction with staggered wings and the pilot and observer seated in tandem in open cockpits first flew in May 1931 By that time the rival XOK 1 was already destroyed in a crash Following trials that lasted into 1932 BuAer awarded Berliner Joyce a contract 1 An order for 18 production aircraft designated OJ 2 was placed in March 1932 and two more orders followed one in May 1933 for nine aircraft and a further 12 aircraft in December 1933 for use by reserve units One OJ 2 modified in early 1934 with an NACA type cowling and enclosed cockpits was delivered for trials as the XOJ 3 but after a crash it was rebuilt and returned to service as an OJ 2 1 Operational history EditThe OJ entered service with VS 5B and VS 6B in 1933 mainly for use on Omaha class light cruisers Some OJs were used by reserve units with the first being VN 6R which were based near Washington to train reserve pilots and to enable staff officers to maintain their flying categories By 1936 all the remaining aircraft were operated by reserve units and at the outbreak of the Second World War 29 aircraft were still in service The Navy stopped the overhaul program for the aircraft and by the middle of 1941 all of them had been struck off charge Unusually for its generation only four aircraft were lost in accidents without any loss of life Variants EditXOJ 1 Prototype powered by a 400hp R 985 1 Wasp Junior radial engine one built OJ 2 Production variant which had interchangeable floats or wheeled landing gear 39 built XOJ 3 One production OJ 2 modified with NACA cowling and enclosed cockpit later reverted to the standard OJ 2 configuration and returned to service Operators Edit United StatesUnited States Navy VS 5B VS 6BSpecifications OJ 2 EditData from 2 3 4 General characteristicsCrew 2 pilot and observer Length 25 ft 8 in 7 82 m Wingspan 33 ft 8 in 10 26 m Height 10 ft 10 in 3 30 m Wing area 284 2 sq ft 26 40 m2 Empty weight 2 323 lb 1 054 kg Gross weight 3 629 lb 1 646 kg Powerplant 1 Wright R 975 88 Wasp Junior radial engine 400 hp 300 kW Performance Maximum speed 151 mph 243 km h 131 kn Stall speed 57 mph 92 km h 50 kn Range 530 mi 850 km 460 nmi Service ceiling 15 300 ft 4 700 m Rate of climb 826 ft min 4 20 m s climb to 10 000 ft in 12 1 minArmament Guns 1 fixed forward firing 30 in machine gun 1 flexibly mounted 30 in machine gun in the rear cockpit Bombs 250 lb 110 kg bombs under wingSee also EditAircraft of comparable role configuration and era Curtiss SOC Seagull Keystone XOK Vought O4U CorsairRelated lists List of United States Navy aircraft designations pre 1962 List of flying boats and floatplanesReferences Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berliner Joyce OJ Citations Edit a b c d Johnson E R 2011 United States Naval Aviation 1919 1941 Aircraft Airships and Ships Between the Wars Jefferson North Carolina and London McFarland amp Company Inc pp 118 119 ISBN 978 0 7864 4550 9 Swanborough Gordon Bowers Peter M 1976 United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 London Putnam p 415 ISBN 0 370 10054 9 Foreign Aircraft The B J OJ 2 Observation Aircraft Flight No 10 May 1934 p 468 Sharpe Michael 2000 Biplanes Triplanes and Seaplanes London Friedman Fairfax Books p 78 ISBN 1 58663 300 7 Bibliography Edit Andrade John 1979 U S Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909 Midland Counties Publications ISBN 0 904597 22 9 Foreign Aircraft The B J OJ 2 Observation Aircraft Flight No 10 May 1934 p 468 Listemann Phil Winter 2004 Berlin Joyce OJ Air Britain Aeromiltaria 30 120 158 163 ISSN 0262 8791 Swanborough Gordon Bowers Peter M 1976 United States Navy Aircraft since 1911 London Putnam ISBN 0 370 10054 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Berliner Joyce OJ amp oldid 1066913938, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
