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Bergisches Land

February 16, 2024

The Bergisches Land (German: [ˈbɛʁɡɪʃəs ˈlant], Berg Country) is a low mountain range in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, east of the Rhine and south of the Ruhr. The landscape is shaped by forests, meadows, rivers and creeks and contains over twenty artificial lakes.[1] Wuppertal is the biggest town, while the southern part has economic and socio-cultural ties to Cologne. Wuppertal and the neighbouring cities of Remscheid and Solingen form the Bergisches Städtedreieck (Berg City Triangle).

Bergisches Land, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
View of the woods of Burg with a typical Bergisches farmhouse
Iuliacensis et Montensis Ducatus, 1645, by Blaeu

Geography edit

Demarcation edit

Historically edit

The Bergisches Land emerged from the historic Duchy of Berg. The region also owes its name to the former sovereigns, the Counts (and later Dukes) of the House of Berg [bg; de; ru; uk]. The adjectival Latin term terre Montensis, i.e. of the Bergisches Land, was first recorded in writing in a Bergisch office constitution in 1363 [de], although terra de Monte or Land von Berg appeared in earlier documents.[2]

Important places in the duchy were Gerresheim, Elberfeld, Solingen, Lennep, Radevormwald, Wipperfürth, Bensberg, Siegburg and Blankenberg [de; nl], most of which received city rights from the 13th century. The seat of the counts and dukes was initially Berge Castle [de] in Altenberg near Odenthal, after the construction of Burg Castle the town of Burg an der Wupper [de] (today a district of Solingen) and then from 1386 to 1822 Düsseldorf, which the dukes became a representative residence - and expanded the capital of the Duchy. The Bergisch lion [de] in Düsseldorf's coat of arms still points to the historical affiliation of Düsseldorf to the Bergisches Land.

The northern parts of the Bergisches Land included the cities of Mülheim an der Ruhr, parts of Duisburg, Essen and Oberhausen (Alstaden [de; nl] and Dümpten [de; pl]), and the areas on the western border also included the area on the right bank of the Rhine, Cologne near Mülheim. Smaller areas on the left bank of the Rhine belonging to the duchy were also Wesseling, Rodenkirchen, Orr [de; ksh; nl] and Langel [de][3]

The former lordships of Gimborn [de] and Homburg [de] in today's Oberberg district, on the other hand, were only added to the Grand Duchy of Berg during Napoleon's time. This originally non-Bergisch area includes Marienheide, Wiehl, Nümbrecht, the town of Bergneustadt and today's district seat of the Oberbergischer district: Gummersbach.

Geographically edit

The natural region Bergisches Land lies almost entirely in the main unit group Süder Uplands, which also includes almost the entire Sauerland. The Süder Uplands represent the north-eastern part of the Rhenish Massif on the right bank of the Rhine.

Natural orographic borders form the Ruhr in the north, the Rhine in the west and the Sieg in the south. To the east it merges into the Sauerland without a recognizable scenic border. Political and cultural differences alone determine the course of the border between the two historical landscapes, which, however, roughly corresponds to the eastern watersheds of Wupper and Agger, while the (western) Sauerland is mainly drained by the Ruhr and its tributaries.

The largest part of the Bergisches Land is characterized by a varied low mountain range landscape with forests, meadows and hills as well as narrow notch valley [de; fr; ja; nl; pt]s also called Siepen with small streams. Except for the areas that transition into the Sauerland, the Bergisches Land is referred to as peneplain due to the advanced erosion of the mountains.

Westwards from the low mountain range, across various Bergische Heideterrasses [de], a plain without significant elevations, which is highly sprawled by the urban agglomerations of Cologne and Düsseldorf and - compared to the low mountain range landscape - is very little structured. Here, with a few heath relics, such as the Wahn Heath [de], Hilden Heath [de; ru] and Ohligs Heath [de], the spacious forest area Königsforst [ceb; de] and individual quarry lakes, such as Lake Unterbach or the Elbsee [de; zh], valuable nature reserves and recreation areas for the inhabitants of the surrounding cities.

The Nature Park Bergisches Land [de] also defines the area as a recreational area. Although the proportion of forest is quite large, there are only a few larger contiguous forest areas. Forested mountain ranges in long waves and meadow valleys characterize the landscape. To the east, the proportion of forest landscape increases due to the unfavorable weather conditions for agriculture associated with the altitude. Naturally, mainly beech forests and beech-oak forests would grow on the hillsides. However, since the considerable deforestation in the early modern period, large areas have been reforested with spruce, which was not native to the region. The Nutscheid [arz; de] on the southern edge of the Bergisches Land is one of the largest forest areas and largely uninhabited. Another large forest area is the Heckenberg Forrest [de] between Engelskirchen, Drabenderhöhe [de; ro] and Overath-Federath [de].

Modern definitions edit

Today, the Bergisches Land corresponds to the "Bergisches Land low mountain range region". In the formerly Bergisch Rhine and Ruhr cities (Düsseldorf, southern districts of Oberhausen, Duisburg-South [de; it] and Mülheim an der Ruhr), the population's historical affiliation with the Bergisch region is hardly still present. In these places, people mostly see themselves as Rhinelanders or belonging to the Ruhr area. Above the Rhine plain, however, people take their affiliation to the Bergisches Land for granted. In the news of WDR, only the eastern areas are referred to as "Bergisches Land", whereas the western ones are counted as part of the unclearly circumscribed "Rhineland". The Mettmann district is also included in the cultural region Bergisches Land. The Bergisches Land cultural region includes the cities of Wuppertal, Remscheid, Solingen and the districts of Mettmann, Oberberg and Rhein-Berg. In addition to the cities of Wuppertal, Remscheid and Solingen, as well as the Rheinisch-Bergisch and Oberbergisch districts, the Mettmann district belongs to the Bergisches Land cultural region.[4][5]

The capital of the Bergisches Land is usually no longer seen as the historic capital Düsseldorf, but rather as the city Wuppertal, which was created in 1929 and forms the economic, cultural and industrial center of the eastern Bergisches Land. However, the south of the region has now developed a stronger connection to Cologne.

Even in those districts of Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine that are historically and geographically part of the Bergisches Land, it can be seen that there is hardly any sense of belonging to the Bergisches Land, and that the inhabitants of these districts almost exclusively see themselves as Rhinelanders. An exception is the Rath/Heumar district of Cologne, which arose in the course of the Regional Reform in North Rhine-Westphalia [de] and borders on Bergisch Gladbach and Rösrath, which according to the prevailing regional awareness is part of the Bergisches Land region. The long-established population in particular has a very strong sense of belonging to the Bergisches Land.[6]

History edit

Bergisches Land used to be territory of the County of Berg, which later became the Duchy of Berg, who gave the region its name.[7] The Duchy was dissolved in 1815 and in 1822 the region became part of the Prussian Rhine Province.

Amongst the population today, a sense of belonging to the region Bergisches Land is notable in the hilly northern part, but not so much anymore in the areas near the Cologne Lowland, the Ruhr area or the city of Düsseldorf.

Economic upswing edit

The region became famous during the period of its early industrialisation in the 19th century. At that time Wupper Valley was a historical Silicon Valley. Its twin cities Barmen and Elberfeld were the trading- and industrial capitals of Prussia at that time. This economic upswing caused the expansion of the Ruhr as coal-mining area and gave birth to research on, and the theoretical underlining of social entrepreneurship and socialism: Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen to a textile mill owner.[8]

After the industrial downturn from the 1960s on, the region lost importance but cooperations by Bergisches Land entrepreneurs, active citizens and politicians are bringing back some regional awareness and economic power.[9]

Cities and districts edit

City/district affiliation Part of the dukedom Berg (1789) Part of the Bergisches Land in local awareness
  Bad Honnef Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X
  Bergisch Gladbach Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis X X
  Bergneustadt Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Burscheid Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis X X
  Düsseldorf no affiliation X
  Eitorf Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X X
  Engelskirchen Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Erkrath Kreis Mettmann X X
  Gummersbach Oberbergischer Kreis X
  Haan Kreis Mettmann X X
  Heiligenhaus Kreis Mettmann X X
  Hennef Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X X
  Hilden Kreis Mettmann X X
  Hückeswagen Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Kürten Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis X X
  Langenfeld Kreis Mettmann X X
  Leichlingen Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis X X
  Leverkusen no affiliation X X
  Lindlar Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Lohmar Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X X
  Marienheide Oberbergischer Kreis X
  Mettmann Kreis Mettmann X X
  Monheim Kreis Mettmann X X
  Morsbach Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Much Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X X
  Mülheim an der Ruhr no affiliation X
  Neunkirchen-Seelscheid Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X X
  Niederkassel Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X
  Nümbrecht Oberbergischer Kreis X
  Odenthal Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis X X
  Overath Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis X X
  Ratingen Kreis Mettmann X X
  Radevormwald Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Reichshof Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Remscheid no affiliation X X
  Rösrath Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis X X
  Ruppichteroth Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X X
  Sankt Augustin Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X
  Siegburg Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X
  Solingen no affiliation X X
  Troisdorf Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X
  Velbert Kreis Mettmann X X
  Waldbröl Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Wermelskirchen Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis X X
  Wiehl Oberbergischer Kreis X
  Windeck Rhein-Sieg-Kreis X X
  Wipperfürth Oberbergischer Kreis X X
  Wülfrath Kreis Mettmann X X
  Wuppertal no affiliation X X

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bergisches Land.

References edit

  1. ^ . tourismus NRW. Archived from the original on 2006-11-23. Retrieved 2001-11-20.
  2. ^ Kurt Wesoly, Stefan Gorißen and Horst Sassin (2014). Geschichte des Bergischen Landes, Band 1: Bis zum Ende des alten Herzogtums 1806 (in German). Bergische Forschungen. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-89534-971-3.
  3. ^ Kurt Wesoly, Stefan Gorißen and Horst Sassin (2014). Geschichte des Bergischen Landes, Band 1: Bis zum Ende des alten Herzogtums 1806 (in German). Bergische Forschungen. p. 26. ISBN 978-3-89534-971-3.
  4. ^ "Kulturregionen: Bergisches Land und Rheinschiene – Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis". www.rbk-direkt.de.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2021-06-12.
  6. ^ "Home | Rath/Heumar".
  7. ^ Claudia Tenten. . Archived from the original on 2010-12-01. Retrieved 2001-11-20.
  8. ^ Prof. Dr. Klaus Tenfelde. ""Das Ruhrgebiet! Von der Steinzeit bis zur Kulturhauptsatdt 2010" part 2" (in German). Retrieved 2001-11-20.
  9. ^ "Cooperation "Berg City Triangle"". Kompetenz Hoch3. Retrieved 2001-11-20.

External links edit

  • www.bergisches-land.de by Bergisches Land Tourismus Marketing e.V (in German and Dutch)

51°03′00″N 7°18′25″E / 51.05000°N 7.30694°E / 51.05000; 7.30694

February 16, 2024
bergisches, land, german, ˈbɛʁɡɪʃəs, ˈlant, berg, country, mountain, range, state, north, rhine, westphalia, germany, east, rhine, south, ruhr, landscape, shaped, forests, meadows, rivers, creeks, contains, over, twenty, artificial, lakes, wuppertal, biggest, . The Bergisches Land German ˈbɛʁɡɪʃes ˈlant Berg Country is a low mountain range in the state of North Rhine Westphalia Germany east of the Rhine and south of the Ruhr The landscape is shaped by forests meadows rivers and creeks and contains over twenty artificial lakes 1 Wuppertal is the biggest town while the southern part has economic and socio cultural ties to Cologne Wuppertal and the neighbouring cities of Remscheid and Solingen form the Bergisches Stadtedreieck Berg City Triangle Bergisches Land North Rhine Westphalia GermanyView of the woods of Burg with a typical Bergisches farmhouseIuliacensis et Montensis Ducatus 1645 by Blaeu Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Demarcation 1 1 1 Historically 1 1 2 Geographically 1 1 3 Modern definitions 2 History 2 1 Economic upswing 3 Cities and districts 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksGeography editDemarcation edit Historically edit The Bergisches Land emerged from the historic Duchy of Berg The region also owes its name to the former sovereigns the Counts and later Dukes of the House of Berg bg de ru uk The adjectival Latin term terre Montensis i e of the Bergisches Land was first recorded in writing in a Bergisch office constitution in 1363 de although terra de Monte or Land von Berg appeared in earlier documents 2 Important places in the duchy were Gerresheim Elberfeld Solingen Lennep Radevormwald Wipperfurth Bensberg Siegburg and Blankenberg de nl most of which received city rights from the 13th century The seat of the counts and dukes was initially Berge Castle de in Altenberg near Odenthal after the construction of Burg Castle the town of Burg an der Wupper de today a district of Solingen and then from 1386 to 1822 Dusseldorf which the dukes became a representative residence and expanded the capital of the Duchy The Bergisch lion de in Dusseldorf s coat of arms still points to the historical affiliation of Dusseldorf to the Bergisches Land The northern parts of the Bergisches Land included the cities of Mulheim an der Ruhr parts of Duisburg Essen and Oberhausen Alstaden de nl and Dumpten de pl and the areas on the western border also included the area on the right bank of the Rhine Cologne near Mulheim Smaller areas on the left bank of the Rhine belonging to the duchy were also Wesseling Rodenkirchen Orr de ksh nl and Langel de 3 The former lordships of Gimborn de and Homburg de in today s Oberberg district on the other hand were only added to the Grand Duchy of Berg during Napoleon s time This originally non Bergisch area includes Marienheide Wiehl Numbrecht the town of Bergneustadt and today s district seat of the Oberbergischer district Gummersbach Geographically edit The natural region Bergisches Land lies almost entirely in the main unit group Suder Uplands which also includes almost the entire Sauerland The Suder Uplands represent the north eastern part of the Rhenish Massif on the right bank of the Rhine Natural orographic borders form the Ruhr in the north the Rhine in the west and the Sieg in the south To the east it merges into the Sauerland without a recognizable scenic border Political and cultural differences alone determine the course of the border between the two historical landscapes which however roughly corresponds to the eastern watersheds of Wupper and Agger while the western Sauerland is mainly drained by the Ruhr and its tributaries The largest part of the Bergisches Land is characterized by a varied low mountain range landscape with forests meadows and hills as well as narrow notch valley de fr ja nl pt s also called Siepen with small streams Except for the areas that transition into the Sauerland the Bergisches Land is referred to as peneplain due to the advanced erosion of the mountains Westwards from the low mountain range across various Bergische Heideterrasses de a plain without significant elevations which is highly sprawled by the urban agglomerations of Cologne and Dusseldorf and compared to the low mountain range landscape is very little structured Here with a few heath relics such as the Wahn Heath de Hilden Heath de ru and Ohligs Heath de the spacious forest area Konigsforst ceb de and individual quarry lakes such as Lake Unterbach or the Elbsee de zh valuable nature reserves and recreation areas for the inhabitants of the surrounding cities The Nature Park Bergisches Land de also defines the area as a recreational area Although the proportion of forest is quite large there are only a few larger contiguous forest areas Forested mountain ranges in long waves and meadow valleys characterize the landscape To the east the proportion of forest landscape increases due to the unfavorable weather conditions for agriculture associated with the altitude Naturally mainly beech forests and beech oak forests would grow on the hillsides However since the considerable deforestation in the early modern period large areas have been reforested with spruce which was not native to the region The Nutscheid arz de on the southern edge of the Bergisches Land is one of the largest forest areas and largely uninhabited Another large forest area is the Heckenberg Forrest de between Engelskirchen Drabenderhohe de ro and Overath Federath de Modern definitions edit Today the Bergisches Land corresponds to the Bergisches Land low mountain range region In the formerly Bergisch Rhine and Ruhr cities Dusseldorf southern districts of Oberhausen Duisburg South de it and Mulheim an der Ruhr the population s historical affiliation with the Bergisch region is hardly still present In these places people mostly see themselves as Rhinelanders or belonging to the Ruhr area Above the Rhine plain however people take their affiliation to the Bergisches Land for granted In the news of WDR only the eastern areas are referred to as Bergisches Land whereas the western ones are counted as part of the unclearly circumscribed Rhineland The Mettmann district is also included in the cultural region Bergisches Land The Bergisches Land cultural region includes the cities of Wuppertal Remscheid Solingen and the districts of Mettmann Oberberg and Rhein Berg In addition to the cities of Wuppertal Remscheid and Solingen as well as the Rheinisch Bergisch and Oberbergisch districts the Mettmann district belongs to the Bergisches Land cultural region 4 5 The capital of the Bergisches Land is usually no longer seen as the historic capital Dusseldorf but rather as the city Wuppertal which was created in 1929 and forms the economic cultural and industrial center of the eastern Bergisches Land However the south of the region has now developed a stronger connection to Cologne Even in those districts of Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine that are historically and geographically part of the Bergisches Land it can be seen that there is hardly any sense of belonging to the Bergisches Land and that the inhabitants of these districts almost exclusively see themselves as Rhinelanders An exception is the Rath Heumar district of Cologne which arose in the course of the Regional Reform in North Rhine Westphalia de and borders on Bergisch Gladbach and Rosrath which according to the prevailing regional awareness is part of the Bergisches Land region The long established population in particular has a very strong sense of belonging to the Bergisches Land 6 History editBergisches Land used to be territory of the County of Berg which later became the Duchy of Berg who gave the region its name 7 The Duchy was dissolved in 1815 and in 1822 the region became part of the Prussian Rhine Province Amongst the population today a sense of belonging to the region Bergisches Land is notable in the hilly northern part but not so much anymore in the areas near the Cologne Lowland the Ruhr area or the city of Dusseldorf Economic upswing edit The region became famous during the period of its early industrialisation in the 19th century At that time Wupper Valley was a historical Silicon Valley Its twin cities Barmen and Elberfeld were the trading and industrial capitals of Prussia at that time This economic upswing caused the expansion of the Ruhr as coal mining area and gave birth to research on and the theoretical underlining of social entrepreneurship and socialism Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen to a textile mill owner 8 After the industrial downturn from the 1960s on the region lost importance but cooperations by Bergisches Land entrepreneurs active citizens and politicians are bringing back some regional awareness and economic power 9 Cities and districts editCity district affiliation Part of the dukedom Berg 1789 Part of the Bergisches Land in local awareness nbsp Bad Honnef Rhein Sieg Kreis X nbsp Bergisch Gladbach Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis X X nbsp Bergneustadt Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Burscheid Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis X X nbsp Dusseldorf no affiliation X nbsp Eitorf Rhein Sieg Kreis X X nbsp Engelskirchen Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Erkrath Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Gummersbach Oberbergischer Kreis X nbsp Haan Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Heiligenhaus Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Hennef Rhein Sieg Kreis X X nbsp Hilden Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Huckeswagen Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Kurten Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis X X nbsp Langenfeld Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Leichlingen Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis X X nbsp Leverkusen no affiliation X X nbsp Lindlar Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Lohmar Rhein Sieg Kreis X X nbsp Marienheide Oberbergischer Kreis X nbsp Mettmann Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Monheim Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Morsbach Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Much Rhein Sieg Kreis X X nbsp Mulheim an der Ruhr no affiliation X nbsp Neunkirchen Seelscheid Rhein Sieg Kreis X X nbsp Niederkassel Rhein Sieg Kreis X nbsp Numbrecht Oberbergischer Kreis X nbsp Odenthal Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis X X nbsp Overath Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis X X nbsp Ratingen Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Radevormwald Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Reichshof Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Remscheid no affiliation X X nbsp Rosrath Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis X X nbsp Ruppichteroth Rhein Sieg Kreis X X nbsp Sankt Augustin Rhein Sieg Kreis X nbsp Siegburg Rhein Sieg Kreis X nbsp Solingen no affiliation X X nbsp Troisdorf Rhein Sieg Kreis X nbsp Velbert Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Waldbrol Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Wermelskirchen Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis X X nbsp Wiehl Oberbergischer Kreis X nbsp Windeck Rhein Sieg Kreis X X nbsp Wipperfurth Oberbergischer Kreis X X nbsp Wulfrath Kreis Mettmann X X nbsp Wuppertal no affiliation X XSee also edit nbsp North Rhine Westphalia portal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bergisches Land Bergische Museumsbahnen Bergisch Markische Railway Company Rhineland Berg houseReferences edit North Rhine Westphalia experience Bergisches Land tourismus NRW Archived from the original on 2006 11 23 Retrieved 2001 11 20 Kurt Wesoly Stefan Gorissen and Horst Sassin 2014 Geschichte des Bergischen Landes Band 1 Bis zum Ende des alten Herzogtums 1806 in German Bergische Forschungen p 25 ISBN 978 3 89534 971 3 Kurt Wesoly Stefan Gorissen and Horst Sassin 2014 Geschichte des Bergischen Landes Band 1 Bis zum Ende des alten Herzogtums 1806 in German Bergische Forschungen p 26 ISBN 978 3 89534 971 3 Kulturregionen Bergisches Land und Rheinschiene Rheinisch Bergischer Kreis www rbk direkt de Kreisverwaltung Mettmann Regionale Kulturpolitik Bergisches Land Archived from the original on 2021 06 12 Home Rath Heumar Claudia Tenten Die Grafen von Berg Archived from the original on 2010 12 01 Retrieved 2001 11 20 Prof Dr Klaus Tenfelde Das Ruhrgebiet Von der Steinzeit bis zur Kulturhauptsatdt 2010 part 2 in German Retrieved 2001 11 20 Cooperation Berg City Triangle Kompetenz Hoch3 Retrieved 2001 11 20 External links editwww bergisches land de by Bergisches Land Tourismus Marketing e V in German and Dutch 51 03 00 N 7 18 25 E 51 05000 N 7 30694 E 51 05000 7 30694 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bergisches Land amp oldid 1190780532, 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