In chemistry, molecules with a non-collinear arrangement of two adjacent bonds have bent molecular geometry, also known as angular or V-shaped. Certain atoms, such as oxygen, will almost always set their two (or more) covalent bonds in non-collinear directions due to their electron configuration. Water (H2O) is an example of a bent molecule, as well as its analogues. The bond angle between the two hydrogen atoms is approximately 104.45°.[1] Nonlinear geometry is commonly observed for other triatomic molecules and ions containing only main group elements, prominent examples being nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dichloride (SCl2), and methylene (CH2).
Oxygen difluoride, an example of a molecule with the bent coordination geometry.
This geometry is almost always consistent with VSEPR theory, which usually explains non-collinearity of atoms with a presence of lone pairs. There are several variants of bending, where the most common is AX2E2 where two covalent bonds and two lone pairs of the central atom (A) form a complete 8-electron shell. They have central angles from 104° to 109.5°, where the latter is consistent with a simplistic theory which predicts the tetrahedral symmetry of four sp3 hybridised orbitals. The most common actual angles are 105°, 107°, and 109°: they vary because of the different properties of the peripheral atoms (X).
^Miessler, G. L.; Tarr, D. A. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Pearson/Prentice Hall. ISBN0-13-035471-6.
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bent, molecular, geometry, chemistry, molecules, with, collinear, arrangement, adjacent, bonds, have, bent, molecular, geometry, also, known, angular, shaped, certain, atoms, such, oxygen, will, almost, always, their, more, covalent, bonds, collinear, directio. In chemistry molecules with a non collinear arrangement of two adjacent bonds have bent molecular geometry also known as angular or V shaped Certain atoms such as oxygen will almost always set their two or more covalent bonds in non collinear directions due to their electron configuration Water H2O is an example of a bent molecule as well as its analogues The bond angle between the two hydrogen atoms is approximately 104 45 1 Nonlinear geometry is commonly observed for other triatomic molecules and ions containing only main group elements prominent examples being nitrogen dioxide NO2 sulfur dichloride SCl2 and methylene CH2 Bent molecular geometryExamplesH2O SO2Point groupC2vCoordination number2Bond angle s 90 lt 8 lt 120 m Polarity gt 0Oxygen difluoride an example of a molecule with the bent coordination geometry This geometry is almost always consistent with VSEPR theory which usually explains non collinearity of atoms with a presence of lone pairs There are several variants of bending where the most common is AX2E2 where two covalent bonds and two lone pairs of the central atom A form a complete 8 electron shell They have central angles from 104 to 109 5 where the latter is consistent with a simplistic theory which predicts the tetrahedral symmetry of four sp3 hybridised orbitals The most common actual angles are 105 107 and 109 they vary because of the different properties of the peripheral atoms X Other cases also experience orbital hybridisation but in different degrees AX2E1 molecules such as SnCl2 have only one lone pair and the central angle about 120 the centre and two vertices of an equilateral triangle They have three sp2 orbitals There exist also sd hybridised AX2 compounds of transition metals without lone pairs they have the central angle about 90 and are also classified as bent citation needed See further discussion at VSEPR theory Complexes with strong d contribution See also editAXE methodReferences edit Miessler G L Tarr D A 2004 Inorganic Chemistry 3rd ed Pearson Prentice Hall ISBN 0 13 035471 6 External links edit3D Chem Chemistry Structures and 3D Molecules Indiana University Molecular Structure Center Interactive molecular examples for point groups Molecular Modeling Animated Trigonal Planar Visual Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bent molecular geometry amp oldid 1199278260, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
