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Benetton Formula

Benetton Formula Ltd., commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name. In 2000, the team was purchased by Renault, but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons. In 2002, the team became Renault. The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998.[2]

Benetton
Full nameBenetton Formula Ltd.
BaseWitney, England, UK
(1986–1991)
Enstone, England, UK
(1992–2001)
Noted staffFlavio Briatore
Rocco Benetton
Ross Brawn
Frank Dernie
Mike Gascoyne
Nigel Stepney
Pat Symonds
Steve Matchett
David Richards
Peter Collins
Rory Byrne
Nikolas Tombazis
Willem Toet
Pat Fry
Nick Wirth
John Barnard
Philip J. Henderson
Greg Field
Noted drivers Teo Fabi
Gerhard Berger
Thierry Boutsen
Alessandro Nannini
Johnny Herbert
Emanuele Pirro
Nelson Piquet
Roberto Moreno
Michael Schumacher
Martin Brundle
Riccardo Patrese
Jos Verstappen
JJ Lehto
Jean Alesi
Alexander Wurz
Giancarlo Fisichella
Jenson Button
Previous nameToleman Motorsport
Next nameRenault F1 Team
Formula One World Championship career
First entry1986 Brazilian Grand Prix
Races entered260
EnginesBMW, Ford, Renault, Playlife
Constructors'
Championships
1 (1995)
Drivers'
Championships
2 (1994, 1995)
Race victories27
Podiums102
Points851.5 (861.5)[a]
Pole positions15
Fastest laps36
Final entry2001 Japanese Grand Prix

Origins

The Benetton Group entered Formula One as a sponsor company for constructor Tyrrell in 1983,[3] then Alfa Romeo in 1984 and 1985 and finally Toleman in 1985.[4] Toleman had struggled in 1985, missing the first three races of the season and being forced to only enter one car for the following six races, as a result of a dispute with tyre suppliers. Teo Fabi had taken a pole position for Toleman at the German Grand Prix, however the team would score no points during the season, with poor reliability causing a Toleman car to see the chequered flag only twice out of 20 total entries. Benetton Formula Ltd. was formed at the end of 1985 when the Toleman team was sold to the Benetton family.[5]

Racing history

Beginnings (1986–1987)

Toleman had already developed the TG186, their planned chassis for the 1986 season. This was renamed the Benetton B186 after the change in ownership.[6] Benetton's first season in Formula One also came with a change in engine supply, with Toleman's Hart engines being replaced with that of a large car manufacturer, the powerful BMW M12.[5] Teo Fabi was retained as a driver and Piercarlo Ghinzani was replaced by Gerhard Berger, who joined from Arrows.[7]

The B186 demonstrated its pace throughout the season, with Berger securing the team's first podium finish at Imola and a front-row start in Belgium. Fabi claimed two consecutive pole positions in Austria and Italy, before Berger achieved the Witney-based team's first victory in Mexico, almost half a minute ahead of his nearest competitor.[8] Despite the impressive underlying pace, the B186 suffered from severe unreliability. The team recorded nineteen retirements, with eight consecutively for Fabi (including from his two pole positions). Benetton ended the season 6th in the championship with 19 points.[9]

Berger left the team for Ferrari at the end of 1986 and was replaced at Benetton by his former Arrows teammate Thierry Boutsen. BMW, which had supplied three teams in 1986, scaled back its operation to supply only Brabham in 1987. With the Haas Lola team folding at the end of 1986, Benetton was able to take over its factory supply of turbocharged Ford engines. The B187 suffered with engine trouble at the start of the season, but became more consistent mid-season after reducing the effect of the turbocharger, taking numerous 4th and 5th place finishes as well as two 3rd places in Austria and Australia.[10] Benetton ended the season 5th in the championship with 28 points.[11]

Rise (1988–1990)

Fabi was dropped for the 1988 season in favour of Minardi driver Alessandro Nannini, ending Fabi's Formula One career. The B188 became the team's first naturally-aspirated car as Ford wished to concentrate development in light of the upcoming ban on turbocharged engines.[12] The B188 was once again an improvement on its predecessor, suffering almost half the number of retirements and claiming seven podium finishes, all 3rd places. Boutsen had finished 3rd in Belgium, however both Benettons were disqualified from the race after the season had concluded for fuel irregularities. The team finished the season 3rd in the championship with 39 points.[13]

For 1989, Boutsen left Benetton to join Williams and was replaced by rookie Johnny Herbert. The new engine developed by Ford for the B189 was not ready for the start of the season, and the previous year's engine did not fit in the new car. The team therefore had no choice but to continue using the B188.[14] Despite this setback, the B188 still proved competitive, with Nannini claiming a podium finish at Imola. Prior to making his Formula One debut, Herbert was involved in a serious crash in Formula 3000 that broke both his legs. Despite achieving some impressive results, including 4th place in his first race, he was dropped by the team after failing to qualify for the Canadian Grand Prix as it became clear he had still not fully recovered.[15] He was replaced by rookie and McLaren test driver Emanuele Pirro.[16][17] The B189 was finally ready to compete at the following race. Nannini would go on to achieve Benetton's first victory since 1986 at the Japanese Grand Prix after Ayrton Senna was disqualified.[18] Pirro was only able to secure a single points finish in his ten races with the team, taking 5th place in Australia. Benetton ended the season 4th in the championship with 39 points.[19]

Prior to the 1990 season, the team management was fired and businessman Flavio Briatore was appointed team manager by the Benetton family.[20] Pirro was dropped in favour of three-time world champion Nelson Piquet, who had left the struggling Lotus team. Benetton used a modified B189 before introducing the B190 at the third race of the season. 1990 proved to be the team's most successful to date, with Piquet winning the final two races of the season and the team achieving six other podium finishes. Tragedy would befall the team late into the season after Nannini lost his right forearm in a helicopter crash. His arm was re-attached but the injuries ended his Formula One career.[21] EuroBrun driver Roberto Moreno had become available after the backmarker team pulled out of the sport, and so he was hired as Nannini's replacement.[22] The next race in Japan marked Benetton's first ever 1-2 finish, as well as Moreno's first and only career podium. Benetton ended the season 3rd in the championship with 71 points.[23]

First Schumacher years (1991–1993)

A new title sponsor was acquired for 1991 in the form of American cigarette brand Camel, which had previously appeared as a minor sponsor on Benetton cars.[24] The 1991 season was less successful for Benetton. An upgraded B190 was used for the first two races of the season before the B191 made its debut at the San Marino Grand Prix. Piquet achieved an unexpected victory in Canada after Nigel Mansell retired on the final lap,[25] but two other 3rd place finishes were the only podium places the team would achieve in 1991. Benetton sought a young driver for the team's future, and believed neither Moreno nor the ageing Piquet could fill this role. After Michael Schumacher had impressed in his debut for Jordan at the Belgian Grand Prix, he was hired by Benetton for the following race in place of Moreno. Jordan protested the move in the British courts, but they found in favour of Benetton. [26]

For the 1992 season, Tom Walkinshaw Racing acquired a stake in Benetton, with Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn brought in to run the team's engineering operations. The team also moved its base of operations from Witney, Oxfordshire to a new factory close to the nearby village of Enstone. Piquet had retired from Formula One, and was replaced by experienced Brabham driver Martin Brundle. Benetton's new car was once again delayed, with the team using an upgraded B191 for the first three races of the season in which Schumacher achieved two podium finishes. The B192 was a marked improvement, with eleven more podium finishes including a victory at Spa-Francorchamps, the first of Schumacher's career.[27] Benetton ended the season 3rd in the championship with 91 points.[28]

Brundle was unexpectedly dropped for 1993 in favour of veteran Riccardo Patrese, who had left Williams. The B193 was similar in competitiveness to its predecessor, taking a single victory in the hands of Schumacher at the Portuguese Grand Prix and finishing 3rd in the championship for the fourth time in the team's history. Benetton achieved ten other podium finishes during the season. Despite these impressive results and improvements in the team's performance in 1992 and 1993, Benetton were not able to provide Schumacher with a car to challenge for the world championship, and were outclassed by the dominant Williams team.[29]

Championship years (1994–1995)

Camel was replaced as the team's title sponsor for 1994 by Japanese cigarette brand Mild Seven. This meant Benetton adopted sky blue as the main car colour. Patrese retired from Formula One, ending what was the longest career in the sport's history. He was replaced by Sauber driver JJ Lehto. However, Lehto was injured whilst testing the B194 prior to the start of the season and Benetton's test driver Jos Verstappen was brought up to replace him. The B194 was dominant in the hands of Schumacher, winning six of the first seven races and taking Benetton's first pole positions since 1986. Verstappen and Lehto were less successful. Verstappen retired from his first two races after accidents. Lehto was declared fit for the San Marino Grand Prix, but would only score a single point in the following four races and was replaced again by Verstappen for the French Grand Prix onwards.

Schumacher finished 2nd at the British Grand Prix, but was deemed to have overtaken Damon Hill on the formation lap and then ignored black flags. He was disqualified from the results after the race, and later handed a two-race ban. At the German Grand Prix, Verstappen's B194 burst into flames after being showered with fuel during his pit stop.[30] He escaped with minor burns and returned to score two consecutive podiums at the following races, the first of his career. Another disqualification came for Schumacher after he finished 1st at the Belgian Grand Prix; his car was measured as having an illegal amount of wear on its skid block. His two-race ban was served at the following two races, during which Lehto returned to the team as a replacement. In an attempt to win the constructors' championship, Benetton replaced Verstappen with the more experienced Johnny Herbert for the final two races of the season, marking his return to the team. This was ultimately unsuccessful after Herbert retired from both races. Despite Benetton losing the constructors' championship to Williams, Schumacher won his first world title after colliding with championship rival Hill at the final race in Australia, taking out both drivers.

 
Schumacher driving the Benetton B195 at the 1995 British Grand Prix.

After eight years of Ford power, Benetton switched to full-works Renault V10 engines for 1995 and thus Ford switched allegiances to then-youngest Formula One constructor Sauber. Herbert was retained alongside Schumacher, whilst test driver Verstappen was loaned to the struggling Simtek team. Schumacher was initially critical of the new B195, claiming that it was difficult to control. The car was outclassed by the Williams FW17 in the early season, with the team's poor performance culminating in Schumacher crashing out from pole position at Imola. However, setup changes at the following race in Spain improved Schumacher's performance in the car.[31] He went on to dominate the remainder of the season, taking nine wins from seventeen races in total and claiming his second world title. Herbert took his first career podium in Spain and then went on to win the British and Italian Grands Prix. This combined effort won Benetton its first constructors' championship, ending Williams' three-year reign. Herbert later claimed the team failed to provide him with equal equipment and accused them of favouring Schumacher.[32]

1994 cheating controversy

During the 1994 season, some rival teams claimed Benetton had found a way to violate the FIA-imposed ban on electronic aids, including traction control and launch control. On investigation, the FIA discovered "start sequence" (launch control) software in the Benetton B194 cars, and a variety of illegal software in rival teams' cars as well. FIA had no evidence the software was ever used, so teams found with the software received little to no punishment. No traction control software was found to be in the Benetton cars, however. Flavio Briatore, Benetton's chief in 1994, said in 2001 that "Our only mistake was that at the time we were too young and people were suspicious".[33]

Decline (1996–1999)

 
Jean Alesi driving the Benetton B196 during free practice at the 1996 San Marino Grand Prix.

Benetton began racing under Italian nationality for the 1996 season, but remained based in the United Kingdom. Despite being contracted to race for Benetton, Schumacher left early to join Ferrari, citing the team's actions in 1994 as his reason for opting out.[34] Herbert was dropped by the team and joined Sauber. Their replacements were Jean Alesi and the returning Gerhard Berger, both of whom had left Ferrari. Williams returned to dominance in 1996 and Schumacher's departure allowed Ferrari to compete for race wins, leaving Benetton struggling. The B196 took ten podium finishes, but the team failed to win a race for the first time since 1988. Alesi and Berger were on course to win the Monaco and German Grands Prix respectively, but both retired late in the closing laps. Benetton finished the season 3rd in the championship with 68 points, less than half as many as in 1995.

By 1997, technical director Ross Brawn and chief designer Rory Byrne, as well as numerous other staff, had left Benetton to join Schumacher at Ferrari. Composites manager, Philip Henderson, who had been with the team since the start also left to help Dan Gurney with his Indy Car team in California. The B197, like its predecessor, struggled to compete with Williams and Ferrari. However, the team still achieved a number of podium finishes over the season. Berger was forced to miss three races due to illness and the death of his father; his replacement was rookie test driver Alexander Wurz. Wurz scored a podium in Britain, only his third race in Formula One. Berger returned for the German Grand Prix, winning the race from pole position in dominant fashion. However, this would turn out to be Benetton's last victory in Formula One.[35] Alesi took pole position in Italy but lost out due to a slow pit stop, finishing 2nd. Benetton ended the season 3rd in the championship with 67 points.

1998 saw numerous changes within the Benetton team. Berger retired from Formula One, and Alesi left to join Sauber. Test driver Wurz was promoted to a full-time seat, partnering Giancarlo Fisichella who left Jordan. Renault pulled out of Formula One, leaving Benetton and Williams with a supply of Renault's 1997 engines developed by Mecachrome. Benetton re-branded these engines as Playlife, a sportswear brand owned by the Benetton family. Chief executive Flavio Briatore was removed and replaced by former World Rally Champion and Prodrive boss David Richards. Fisichella achieved some success with the B198, achieving two consecutive 2nd places in Monaco and Canada as well as pole position in Austria. However, Benetton became uncompetitive towards the end of the season, scoring just a single point in the final seven races. The team partly blamed tyre supplier Bridgestone, claiming that they had favoured the more successful McLaren team.[36] Benetton finished the season 5th in the championship with 33 points.

Chief executive Richards left Benetton after just a year in his post and was replaced by Rocco Benetton for 1999, due to a disagreement with the Benetton family about future strategy.[37] The Renault engines were now developed by Flavio Briatore's Supertec company, but continued to be labelled Playlife. The B199 was a disappointment and demonstrated the further decline of the team. The highlight of the season was Fisichella's 2nd place in Canada, however this only came after numerous retirements from other cars. The following ten races only saw a single points finish for Benetton; Wurz's 5th place in Austria. Benetton ended the season 6th in the championship with 16 points, their worst ever finish.

Renault ownership (2000–2001)

Prior to the start of the 2000 season, the team was sold to Renault as the manufacturer sought a return to Formula One, however the team would retain the Benetton name.[38] As part of their restructuring, Renault brought back Flavio Briatore as team manager. The B200 was an improvement on its predecessor, claiming three podium finishes, including 2nd place in Brazil after David Coulthard was disqualified. All three of these podiums were scored by Fisichella; Wurz struggled with the car and only claimed a single points finish with 5th place in Italy. Benetton ended the season 4th in the championship with 20 points.[39]

 
Benetton's final Formula One car, the B201, driven by Jenson Button at the 2001 French Grand Prix.

The Renault name returned to Formula One in 2001 as Benetton received a supply of full-works Renault engines. Wurz's struggles in 2000 saw him replaced with a young Jenson Button, who had been dropped by Williams. Despite these changes, Benetton suffered a dismal start to 2001 with the B201 often barely qualifying in the top 20. Only a single point was salvaged in the first eleven races, when Fisichella finished 6th in Brazil after twelve other cars failed to finish. The team's fortunes began to change at the German Grand Prix, when Fisichella and Button finishing 4th and 5th respectively. Continued chassis development allowed Benetton to leave Formula One on something of a high, and the cars' performance lifted. Button and Fisichella scored 10 points for the team, including an impressive podium finish for Fisichella in Belgium.

Legacy

2001 was the final season featuring the Benetton name, as the team was fully re-branded as the Renault F1 Team for the 2002 season. The Renault F1 Team would go on to win the drivers' and constructors' championships in both 2005 and 2006 with Fernando Alonso. The team was sold off and became Lotus F1 Team in 2012, before being re-purchased by Renault and becoming Renault Sport Formula One Team in 2016, before becoming Alpine in 2021. The team continues to operate from the site at Enstone established by Benetton in 1992.[40]

The Benetton team is today best known for its success with Michael Schumacher,[41] who accounts for 19 of the team's 27 race victories and their two World Drivers' Championships.

Nationality

Benetton Team had a British licence from 1986 to 1995 and an Italian licence from 1996 to 2001,[42] thus becoming only the second constructor (after Shadow in 1976) to officially change its nationality. The Benetton family wanted this change of nationality to have their Formula One team flying the flag of their own country.[43][44][45] At the 1997 German Grand Prix Benetton became the only constructor to have won races under more than one nationality. The team was based in the UK throughout, initially at the former Toleman factory in Witney, Oxfordshire, before moving to a new, modern, bigger factory at Enstone in 1992.

Racing record

(Bold indicates championships won.)

Year Name Car Engine Tyres No. Drivers Points WCC
1986   Benetton Formula B186 BMW M12/13 L4t P 19.
20.
  Teo Fabi
  Gerhard Berger
19 6th
1987   Benetton Formula B187 Ford-Cosworth GBA 1.5 V6t G 19.
20.
  Teo Fabi
  Thierry Boutsen
28 5th
1988   Benetton Formula B188 Ford-Cosworth DFR 3.5 V8 G 19.
20.
  Alessandro Nannini
  Thierry Boutsen
39 3rd
1989   Benetton Formula B188
B189
Ford-Cosworth DFR 3.5 V8
Ford HBA1 3.5 V8
Ford HBA4 3.5 V8
G 19.
20.
20.
  Alessandro Nannini
  Johnny Herbert
  Emanuele Pirro
39 4th
1990   Benetton Formula B189B
B190
Ford HBA4 3.5 V8 G 19.
19.
20.
  Alessandro Nannini
  Roberto Moreno
  Nelson Piquet
71 3rd
1991   Camel Benetton Ford B190B
B191
Ford HBA4 3.5 V8
Ford HBA5 3.5 V8
P 19.
19.
20.
  Roberto Moreno
  Michael Schumacher
  Nelson Piquet
38.5 4th
1992   Camel Benetton Ford B191B
B192
Ford HBA5 3.5 V8
Ford HBA7 3.5 V8
G 19.
20.
  Michael Schumacher
  Martin Brundle
91 3rd
1993   Camel Benetton Ford B193
B193B
Ford HBA7 3.5 V8
Ford HBA8 3.5 V8
G 5.
6.
  Michael Schumacher
  Riccardo Patrese
72 3rd
1994   Mild Seven Benetton Ford B194 Ford ECA Zetec-R 3.5 V8 G 5.
5./6.
6.
6.
  Michael Schumacher
  JJ Lehto
  Jos Verstappen
  Johnny Herbert
103 2nd
1995   Mild Seven Benetton Renault B195 Renault RS7 3.0 V10 G 1.
2.
  Michael Schumacher
  Johnny Herbert
137 1st
1996   Mild Seven Benetton Renault B196 Renault RS8 3.0 V10 G 3.
4.
  Jean Alesi
  Gerhard Berger
68 3rd
1997   Mild Seven Benetton Renault B197 Renault RS9 3.0 V10 G 7.
8.
8.
  Jean Alesi
  Gerhard Berger
  Alexander Wurz
67 3rd
1998   Mild Seven Benetton Playlife B198 Playlife GC37-01 3.0 V10 B 5.
6.
  Giancarlo Fisichella
  Alexander Wurz
33 5th
1999   Mild Seven Benetton Playlife B199 Playlife FB01 3.0 V10 B 9.
10.
  Giancarlo Fisichella
  Alexander Wurz
16 6th
2000   Mild Seven Benetton Playlife B200 Playlife FB02 3.0 V10 B 11.
12.
  Giancarlo Fisichella
  Alexander Wurz
20 4th
2001   Mild Seven Benetton Renault Sport B201 Renault RS21 3.0 V10 M 7.
8.
  Giancarlo Fisichella
  Jenson Button
10 7th

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Extra 10 points are Michael Schumacher's points from 1995 Brazilian Grand Prix which were not counted towards 1995 World Constructors' Championship.[1]

References

Citations

  1. ^ (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 13 April 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  2. ^ Osborne, Alistair (17 December 2011). "The Sunday Interview: Alessandro Benetton". ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  3. ^ Mantle 1999, p. 117.
  4. ^ Mantle 1999, p. 138.
  5. ^ a b Mantle 1999, p. 139.
  6. ^ Tremayne & Hughes 2002, p. 200.
  7. ^ Collantine, Keith. . Race Fans. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  8. ^ Collantine, Keith (12 October 2011). . Race Fans. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  9. ^ . Stats F1. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  10. ^ Hsu, Eric. . motoiq.com. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  11. ^ . Stats F1. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  12. ^ . Concept Carz. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  13. ^ . Stats F1. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  14. ^ Naranjo, Mané (2 November 2016). "Maravillas de la Ingeniería: Benetton B188 Ford" (in Spanish). The Best F1. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  15. ^ Tremayne & Hughes 2002, p. 61.
  16. ^ Mantle 1999, p. 175.
  17. ^ Lathamq, Stephen; Hopper, Peter (2019). . Forgotten F1 Drivers. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ (in Italian). Formula Passion. 9 February 2016. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  19. ^ . Stats F1. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  20. ^ Barretta, Valerio (24 February 2021). (in Italian). Formula Passion. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  21. ^ Hallbery, Andy (2 April 2013). . Motorsport Retro. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  22. ^ Collantine, Keith. . Race Fans. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  23. ^ . Stats F1. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  24. ^ Peluso, Simone (28 May 2020). (in Italian). Formula Passion. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  25. ^ van Osten, Philip (5 June 2016). . F1i. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  26. ^ . The Race. 19 September 2021. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023. Jordan believed that as part of Ecclestone's scheme to get Schumacher into a better car as quickly as possible, he made Schumacher's management aware of the Yamaha engine deal Ecclestone had set up for Jordan.
  27. ^ Petric, Darjan (30 August 2021). . Max F1. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  28. ^ . Stats F1. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  29. ^ "1993 Formula One World Championship review". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  30. ^ "JOS VERSTAPPEN-HOCKENHEIM 1994". F1 Focus. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  31. ^ ""The ugly duckling", the story of Benetton's B195 - Racing Comments Archive". The Autosport Forums. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  32. ^ "Herbert berates Benetton". The Independent. 8 September 1995. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  33. ^ "Seven-year ban on traction control likely over". www.ESPN.com. Reuters. 4 February 2001. Retrieved 24 October 2006.
  34. ^ Cooper, Steve (August 2007). "McLaren dream team turns into nightmare". Autosport. Vol. 189, no. 6. pp. 6–8.
  35. ^ Petric, Darjan (27 July 2021). "1997 German GP – Tenth and last F1 victory for Berger". Max F1. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  36. ^ Henry, Alan (ed.), AUTOCOURSE 1998-99, Hazleton Publishing Ltd. (1998) ISBN 1-874557-43-8
  37. ^ "Benetton boss steps down". BBC News. 30 October 1998. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  38. ^ McLeod, Maurice (16 March 2000). "Benetton F1 team sold to Renault £75 m". The Independent. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  39. ^ . Stats F1. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  40. ^ Balfour, Andrew (1 May 2021). . F1 Experiences. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  41. ^ "Benetton Heir Alessandro Goes It Alone With Private Equity Firm". Bloomberg.com. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  42. ^ Hayhoe & Holland 2006, p. 592: The combination of Schumacher and intelligent team strategy paid off with both titles in 1995, although they seemed to miss their superstar the following season when the team officially changed their nationality to Italian.
  43. ^ "New Benetton launched today". GrandPrix.com. 5 February 1996. Retrieved 13 September 2006.
  44. ^ "Will Benetton's nationalism cause problems?". GrandPrix.com. 1 January 1996. Retrieved 13 September 2006.
  45. ^ "Benetton to race under Italian colours". New Straits Times. 29 November 1995. Retrieved 4 February 2014.

Bibliography

  • Mantle, Jonathan (1999). Benetton: The Family, the Business, and the Brand. Little, Brown & Co. ISBN 978-1-422-35084-3.
  • Tremayne, David; Hughes, Mark (2002). The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula 1. Parragon Publishing. ISBN 1-40541-645-9.
  • Hayhoe, David; Holland, David (2006). Grand Prix Data Book. Haynes Publishing. ISBN 1-84425-223-X.

External links

  • United Colors of Benetton
Sporting positions
Preceded by Formula One Constructors' Champion
1995
Succeeded by

benetton, formula, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, italian, march, 2023, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, italian, article, machine, translation, like, deepl, . This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian March 2023 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Italian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 2 755 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at it Benetton Formula see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated it Benetton Formula to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Benetton Formula Ltd commonly referred to simply as Benetton was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001 The team was owned by the Benetton family who run a worldwide chain of clothing stores of the same name In 2000 the team was purchased by Renault but competed as Benetton for the 2000 and 2001 seasons In 2002 the team became Renault The Benetton Formula team was chaired by Alessandro Benetton from 1988 to 1998 2 BenettonFull nameBenetton Formula Ltd BaseWitney England UK 1986 1991 Enstone England UK 1992 2001 Noted staffFlavio BriatoreRocco BenettonRoss BrawnFrank DernieMike GascoyneNigel StepneyPat SymondsSteve MatchettDavid RichardsPeter CollinsRory ByrneNikolas TombazisWillem ToetPat FryNick WirthJohn BarnardPhilip J HendersonGreg FieldNoted driversTeo Fabi Gerhard Berger Thierry Boutsen Alessandro Nannini Johnny Herbert Emanuele Pirro Nelson Piquet Roberto Moreno Michael Schumacher Martin Brundle Riccardo Patrese Jos Verstappen JJ Lehto Jean Alesi Alexander Wurz Giancarlo Fisichella Jenson ButtonPrevious nameToleman MotorsportNext nameRenault F1 TeamFormula One World Championship careerFirst entry1986 Brazilian Grand PrixRaces entered260EnginesBMW Ford Renault PlaylifeConstructors Championships1 1995 Drivers Championships2 1994 1995 Race victories27Podiums102Points851 5 861 5 a Pole positions15Fastest laps36Final entry2001 Japanese Grand Prix Contents 1 Origins 2 Racing history 2 1 Beginnings 1986 1987 2 2 Rise 1988 1990 2 3 First Schumacher years 1991 1993 2 4 Championship years 1994 1995 2 4 1 1994 cheating controversy 2 5 Decline 1996 1999 2 6 Renault ownership 2000 2001 3 Legacy 4 Nationality 5 Racing record 6 See also 7 Footnotes 8 References 9 External linksOrigins EditThe Benetton Group entered Formula One as a sponsor company for constructor Tyrrell in 1983 3 then Alfa Romeo in 1984 and 1985 and finally Toleman in 1985 4 Toleman had struggled in 1985 missing the first three races of the season and being forced to only enter one car for the following six races as a result of a dispute with tyre suppliers Teo Fabi had taken a pole position for Toleman at the German Grand Prix however the team would score no points during the season with poor reliability causing a Toleman car to see the chequered flag only twice out of 20 total entries Benetton Formula Ltd was formed at the end of 1985 when the Toleman team was sold to the Benetton family 5 Racing history EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed April 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Beginnings 1986 1987 Edit Toleman had already developed the TG186 their planned chassis for the 1986 season This was renamed the Benetton B186 after the change in ownership 6 Benetton s first season in Formula One also came with a change in engine supply with Toleman s Hart engines being replaced with that of a large car manufacturer the powerful BMW M12 5 Teo Fabi was retained as a driver and Piercarlo Ghinzani was replaced by Gerhard Berger who joined from Arrows 7 Gerhard Berger driving the Benetton B186 at the 1986 Detroit Grand Prix The B186 demonstrated its pace throughout the season with Berger securing the team s first podium finish at Imola and a front row start in Belgium Fabi claimed two consecutive pole positions in Austria and Italy before Berger achieved the Witney based team s first victory in Mexico almost half a minute ahead of his nearest competitor 8 Despite the impressive underlying pace the B186 suffered from severe unreliability The team recorded nineteen retirements with eight consecutively for Fabi including from his two pole positions Benetton ended the season 6th in the championship with 19 points 9 Berger left the team for Ferrari at the end of 1986 and was replaced at Benetton by his former Arrows teammate Thierry Boutsen BMW which had supplied three teams in 1986 scaled back its operation to supply only Brabham in 1987 With the Haas Lola team folding at the end of 1986 Benetton was able to take over its factory supply of turbocharged Ford engines The B187 suffered with engine trouble at the start of the season but became more consistent mid season after reducing the effect of the turbocharger taking numerous 4th and 5th place finishes as well as two 3rd places in Austria and Australia 10 Benetton ended the season 5th in the championship with 28 points 11 Rise 1988 1990 Edit Thierry Boutsen driving the Benetton B188 at the 1988 Canadian Grand Prix Fabi was dropped for the 1988 season in favour of Minardi driver Alessandro Nannini ending Fabi s Formula One career The B188 became the team s first naturally aspirated car as Ford wished to concentrate development in light of the upcoming ban on turbocharged engines 12 The B188 was once again an improvement on its predecessor suffering almost half the number of retirements and claiming seven podium finishes all 3rd places Boutsen had finished 3rd in Belgium however both Benettons were disqualified from the race after the season had concluded for fuel irregularities The team finished the season 3rd in the championship with 39 points 13 For 1989 Boutsen left Benetton to join Williams and was replaced by rookie Johnny Herbert The new engine developed by Ford for the B189 was not ready for the start of the season and the previous year s engine did not fit in the new car The team therefore had no choice but to continue using the B188 14 Despite this setback the B188 still proved competitive with Nannini claiming a podium finish at Imola Prior to making his Formula One debut Herbert was involved in a serious crash in Formula 3000 that broke both his legs Despite achieving some impressive results including 4th place in his first race he was dropped by the team after failing to qualify for the Canadian Grand Prix as it became clear he had still not fully recovered 15 He was replaced by rookie and McLaren test driver Emanuele Pirro 16 17 The B189 was finally ready to compete at the following race Nannini would go on to achieve Benetton s first victory since 1986 at the Japanese Grand Prix after Ayrton Senna was disqualified 18 Pirro was only able to secure a single points finish in his ten races with the team taking 5th place in Australia Benetton ended the season 4th in the championship with 39 points 19 Prior to the 1990 season the team management was fired and businessman Flavio Briatore was appointed team manager by the Benetton family 20 Pirro was dropped in favour of three time world champion Nelson Piquet who had left the struggling Lotus team Benetton used a modified B189 before introducing the B190 at the third race of the season 1990 proved to be the team s most successful to date with Piquet winning the final two races of the season and the team achieving six other podium finishes Tragedy would befall the team late into the season after Nannini lost his right forearm in a helicopter crash His arm was re attached but the injuries ended his Formula One career 21 EuroBrun driver Roberto Moreno had become available after the backmarker team pulled out of the sport and so he was hired as Nannini s replacement 22 The next race in Japan marked Benetton s first ever 1 2 finish as well as Moreno s first and only career podium Benetton ended the season 3rd in the championship with 71 points 23 First Schumacher years 1991 1993 Edit A new title sponsor was acquired for 1991 in the form of American cigarette brand Camel which had previously appeared as a minor sponsor on Benetton cars 24 The 1991 season was less successful for Benetton An upgraded B190 was used for the first two races of the season before the B191 made its debut at the San Marino Grand Prix Piquet achieved an unexpected victory in Canada after Nigel Mansell retired on the final lap 25 but two other 3rd place finishes were the only podium places the team would achieve in 1991 Benetton sought a young driver for the team s future and believed neither Moreno nor the ageing Piquet could fill this role After Michael Schumacher had impressed in his debut for Jordan at the Belgian Grand Prix he was hired by Benetton for the following race in place of Moreno Jordan protested the move in the British courts but they found in favour of Benetton 26 For the 1992 season Tom Walkinshaw Racing acquired a stake in Benetton with Tom Walkinshaw and Ross Brawn brought in to run the team s engineering operations The team also moved its base of operations from Witney Oxfordshire to a new factory close to the nearby village of Enstone Piquet had retired from Formula One and was replaced by experienced Brabham driver Martin Brundle Benetton s new car was once again delayed with the team using an upgraded B191 for the first three races of the season in which Schumacher achieved two podium finishes The B192 was a marked improvement with eleven more podium finishes including a victory at Spa Francorchamps the first of Schumacher s career 27 Benetton ended the season 3rd in the championship with 91 points 28 Michael Schumacher driving the Benetton B193 at the 1993 British Grand Prix Brundle was unexpectedly dropped for 1993 in favour of veteran Riccardo Patrese who had left Williams The B193 was similar in competitiveness to its predecessor taking a single victory in the hands of Schumacher at the Portuguese Grand Prix and finishing 3rd in the championship for the fourth time in the team s history Benetton achieved ten other podium finishes during the season Despite these impressive results and improvements in the team s performance in 1992 and 1993 Benetton were not able to provide Schumacher with a car to challenge for the world championship and were outclassed by the dominant Williams team 29 Championship years 1994 1995 Edit Camel was replaced as the team s title sponsor for 1994 by Japanese cigarette brand Mild Seven This meant Benetton adopted sky blue as the main car colour Patrese retired from Formula One ending what was the longest career in the sport s history He was replaced by Sauber driver JJ Lehto However Lehto was injured whilst testing the B194 prior to the start of the season and Benetton s test driver Jos Verstappen was brought up to replace him The B194 was dominant in the hands of Schumacher winning six of the first seven races and taking Benetton s first pole positions since 1986 Verstappen and Lehto were less successful Verstappen retired from his first two races after accidents Lehto was declared fit for the San Marino Grand Prix but would only score a single point in the following four races and was replaced again by Verstappen for the French Grand Prix onwards Schumacher finished 2nd at the British Grand Prix but was deemed to have overtaken Damon Hill on the formation lap and then ignored black flags He was disqualified from the results after the race and later handed a two race ban At the German Grand Prix Verstappen s B194 burst into flames after being showered with fuel during his pit stop 30 He escaped with minor burns and returned to score two consecutive podiums at the following races the first of his career Another disqualification came for Schumacher after he finished 1st at the Belgian Grand Prix his car was measured as having an illegal amount of wear on its skid block His two race ban was served at the following two races during which Lehto returned to the team as a replacement In an attempt to win the constructors championship Benetton replaced Verstappen with the more experienced Johnny Herbert for the final two races of the season marking his return to the team This was ultimately unsuccessful after Herbert retired from both races Despite Benetton losing the constructors championship to Williams Schumacher won his first world title after colliding with championship rival Hill at the final race in Australia taking out both drivers Schumacher driving the Benetton B195 at the 1995 British Grand Prix After eight years of Ford power Benetton switched to full works Renault V10 engines for 1995 and thus Ford switched allegiances to then youngest Formula One constructor Sauber Herbert was retained alongside Schumacher whilst test driver Verstappen was loaned to the struggling Simtek team Schumacher was initially critical of the new B195 claiming that it was difficult to control The car was outclassed by the Williams FW17 in the early season with the team s poor performance culminating in Schumacher crashing out from pole position at Imola However setup changes at the following race in Spain improved Schumacher s performance in the car 31 He went on to dominate the remainder of the season taking nine wins from seventeen races in total and claiming his second world title Herbert took his first career podium in Spain and then went on to win the British and Italian Grands Prix This combined effort won Benetton its first constructors championship ending Williams three year reign Herbert later claimed the team failed to provide him with equal equipment and accused them of favouring Schumacher 32 1994 cheating controversy Edit Main article 1994 Formula One cheating controversy During the 1994 season some rival teams claimed Benetton had found a way to violate the FIA imposed ban on electronic aids including traction control and launch control On investigation the FIA discovered start sequence launch control software in the Benetton B194 cars and a variety of illegal software in rival teams cars as well FIA had no evidence the software was ever used so teams found with the software received little to no punishment No traction control software was found to be in the Benetton cars however Flavio Briatore Benetton s chief in 1994 said in 2001 that Our only mistake was that at the time we were too young and people were suspicious 33 Decline 1996 1999 Edit Jean Alesi driving the Benetton B196 during free practice at the 1996 San Marino Grand Prix Benetton began racing under Italian nationality for the 1996 season but remained based in the United Kingdom Despite being contracted to race for Benetton Schumacher left early to join Ferrari citing the team s actions in 1994 as his reason for opting out 34 Herbert was dropped by the team and joined Sauber Their replacements were Jean Alesi and the returning Gerhard Berger both of whom had left Ferrari Williams returned to dominance in 1996 and Schumacher s departure allowed Ferrari to compete for race wins leaving Benetton struggling The B196 took ten podium finishes but the team failed to win a race for the first time since 1988 Alesi and Berger were on course to win the Monaco and German Grands Prix respectively but both retired late in the closing laps Benetton finished the season 3rd in the championship with 68 points less than half as many as in 1995 By 1997 technical director Ross Brawn and chief designer Rory Byrne as well as numerous other staff had left Benetton to join Schumacher at Ferrari Composites manager Philip Henderson who had been with the team since the start also left to help Dan Gurney with his Indy Car team in California The B197 like its predecessor struggled to compete with Williams and Ferrari However the team still achieved a number of podium finishes over the season Berger was forced to miss three races due to illness and the death of his father his replacement was rookie test driver Alexander Wurz Wurz scored a podium in Britain only his third race in Formula One Berger returned for the German Grand Prix winning the race from pole position in dominant fashion However this would turn out to be Benetton s last victory in Formula One 35 Alesi took pole position in Italy but lost out due to a slow pit stop finishing 2nd Benetton ended the season 3rd in the championship with 67 points 1998 saw numerous changes within the Benetton team Berger retired from Formula One and Alesi left to join Sauber Test driver Wurz was promoted to a full time seat partnering Giancarlo Fisichella who left Jordan Renault pulled out of Formula One leaving Benetton and Williams with a supply of Renault s 1997 engines developed by Mecachrome Benetton re branded these engines as Playlife a sportswear brand owned by the Benetton family Chief executive Flavio Briatore was removed and replaced by former World Rally Champion and Prodrive boss David Richards Fisichella achieved some success with the B198 achieving two consecutive 2nd places in Monaco and Canada as well as pole position in Austria However Benetton became uncompetitive towards the end of the season scoring just a single point in the final seven races The team partly blamed tyre supplier Bridgestone claiming that they had favoured the more successful McLaren team 36 Benetton finished the season 5th in the championship with 33 points Chief executive Richards left Benetton after just a year in his post and was replaced by Rocco Benetton for 1999 due to a disagreement with the Benetton family about future strategy 37 The Renault engines were now developed by Flavio Briatore s Supertec company but continued to be labelled Playlife The B199 was a disappointment and demonstrated the further decline of the team The highlight of the season was Fisichella s 2nd place in Canada however this only came after numerous retirements from other cars The following ten races only saw a single points finish for Benetton Wurz s 5th place in Austria Benetton ended the season 6th in the championship with 16 points their worst ever finish Renault ownership 2000 2001 Edit Prior to the start of the 2000 season the team was sold to Renault as the manufacturer sought a return to Formula One however the team would retain the Benetton name 38 As part of their restructuring Renault brought back Flavio Briatore as team manager The B200 was an improvement on its predecessor claiming three podium finishes including 2nd place in Brazil after David Coulthard was disqualified All three of these podiums were scored by Fisichella Wurz struggled with the car and only claimed a single points finish with 5th place in Italy Benetton ended the season 4th in the championship with 20 points 39 Benetton s final Formula One car the B201 driven by Jenson Button at the 2001 French Grand Prix The Renault name returned to Formula One in 2001 as Benetton received a supply of full works Renault engines Wurz s struggles in 2000 saw him replaced with a young Jenson Button who had been dropped by Williams Despite these changes Benetton suffered a dismal start to 2001 with the B201 often barely qualifying in the top 20 Only a single point was salvaged in the first eleven races when Fisichella finished 6th in Brazil after twelve other cars failed to finish The team s fortunes began to change at the German Grand Prix when Fisichella and Button finishing 4th and 5th respectively Continued chassis development allowed Benetton to leave Formula One on something of a high and the cars performance lifted Button and Fisichella scored 10 points for the team including an impressive podium finish for Fisichella in Belgium Legacy Edit2001 was the final season featuring the Benetton name as the team was fully re branded as the Renault F1 Team for the 2002 season The Renault F1 Team would go on to win the drivers and constructors championships in both 2005 and 2006 with Fernando Alonso The team was sold off and became Lotus F1 Team in 2012 before being re purchased by Renault and becoming Renault Sport Formula One Team in 2016 before becoming Alpine in 2021 The team continues to operate from the site at Enstone established by Benetton in 1992 40 The Benetton team is today best known for its success with Michael Schumacher 41 who accounts for 19 of the team s 27 race victories and their two World Drivers Championships Nationality EditBenetton Team had a British licence from 1986 to 1995 and an Italian licence from 1996 to 2001 42 thus becoming only the second constructor after Shadow in 1976 to officially change its nationality The Benetton family wanted this change of nationality to have their Formula One team flying the flag of their own country 43 44 45 At the 1997 German Grand Prix Benetton became the only constructor to have won races under more than one nationality The team was based in the UK throughout initially at the former Toleman factory in Witney Oxfordshire before moving to a new modern bigger factory at Enstone in 1992 Racing record EditMain article Benetton Grand Prix results Bold indicates championships won Year Name Car Engine Tyres No Drivers Points WCC1986 Benetton Formula B186 BMW M12 13 L4t P 19 20 Teo Fabi Gerhard Berger 19 6th1987 Benetton Formula B187 Ford Cosworth GBA 1 5 V6t G 19 20 Teo Fabi Thierry Boutsen 28 5th1988 Benetton Formula B188 Ford Cosworth DFR 3 5 V8 G 19 20 Alessandro Nannini Thierry Boutsen 39 3rd1989 Benetton Formula B188B189 Ford Cosworth DFR 3 5 V8Ford HBA1 3 5 V8Ford HBA4 3 5 V8 G 19 20 20 Alessandro Nannini Johnny Herbert Emanuele Pirro 39 4th1990 Benetton Formula B189BB190 Ford HBA4 3 5 V8 G 19 19 20 Alessandro Nannini Roberto Moreno Nelson Piquet 71 3rd1991 Camel Benetton Ford B190BB191 Ford HBA4 3 5 V8Ford HBA5 3 5 V8 P 19 19 20 Roberto Moreno Michael Schumacher Nelson Piquet 38 5 4th1992 Camel Benetton Ford B191BB192 Ford HBA5 3 5 V8Ford HBA7 3 5 V8 G 19 20 Michael Schumacher Martin Brundle 91 3rd1993 Camel Benetton Ford B193B193B Ford HBA7 3 5 V8Ford HBA8 3 5 V8 G 5 6 Michael Schumacher Riccardo Patrese 72 3rd1994 Mild Seven Benetton Ford B194 Ford ECA Zetec R 3 5 V8 G 5 5 6 6 6 Michael Schumacher JJ Lehto Jos Verstappen Johnny Herbert 103 2nd1995 Mild Seven Benetton Renault B195 Renault RS7 3 0 V10 G 1 2 Michael Schumacher Johnny Herbert 137 1st1996 Mild Seven Benetton Renault B196 Renault RS8 3 0 V10 G 3 4 Jean Alesi Gerhard Berger 68 3rd1997 Mild Seven Benetton Renault B197 Renault RS9 3 0 V10 G 7 8 8 Jean Alesi Gerhard Berger Alexander Wurz 67 3rd1998 Mild Seven Benetton Playlife B198 Playlife GC37 01 3 0 V10 B 5 6 Giancarlo Fisichella Alexander Wurz 33 5th1999 Mild Seven Benetton Playlife B199 Playlife FB01 3 0 V10 B 9 10 Giancarlo Fisichella Alexander Wurz 16 6th2000 Mild Seven Benetton Playlife B200 Playlife FB02 3 0 V10 B 11 12 Giancarlo Fisichella Alexander Wurz 20 4th2001 Mild Seven Benetton Renault Sport B201 Renault RS21 3 0 V10 M 7 8 Giancarlo Fisichella Jenson Button 10 7thSee also Edit Formula One portalBenetton family Benetton Group Benetton Rugby List of Italian companies Benetton Basket List of Formula One constructorsFootnotes Edit Extra 10 points are Michael Schumacher s points from 1995 Brazilian Grand Prix which were not counted towards 1995 World Constructors Championship 1 References EditCitations International Court of Appeal I C A for 1995 Brazilian Grand Prix results PDF Federation Internationale de l Automobile 13 April 1995 Archived from the original PDF on 21 February 2023 Retrieved 2 March 2023 Osborne Alistair 17 December 2011 The Sunday Interview Alessandro Benetton ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 22 November 2017 Mantle 1999 p 117 Mantle 1999 p 138 a b Mantle 1999 p 139 Tremayne amp Hughes 2002 p 200 Collantine Keith Teo Fabi Biography Race Fans Archived from the original on 2 October 2022 Retrieved 26 March 2023 Collantine Keith 12 October 2011 Berger s breakthrough win sets up three way title showdown Race Fans Archived from the original on 1 December 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2023 1986 F1 Season Stats F1 Archived from the original on 11 October 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2023 Hsu Eric 1987 Cosworth F1 GBA 1200 bhp 1 5L V 6 Engine motoiq com Archived from the original on 29 November 2021 Retrieved 28 March 2023 1987 F1 Season Stats F1 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2023 Benetton B188 Concept Carz Archived from the original on 22 January 2021 Retrieved 15 February 2023 1988 F1 Season Stats F1 Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2023 Naranjo Mane 2 November 2016 Maravillas de la Ingenieria Benetton B188 Ford in Spanish The Best F1 Archived from the original on 15 February 2023 Retrieved 15 February 2023 Tremayne amp Hughes 2002 p 61 Mantle 1999 p 175 Lathamq Stephen Hopper Peter 2019 Emanuele Pirro Career Forgotten F1 Drivers Archived from the original on 27 November 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link V per Vittoria Alessandro Nannini a Suzuka 1989 in Italian Formula Passion 9 February 2016 Archived from the original on 15 February 2023 Retrieved 15 February 2023 1989 F1 Season Stats F1 Archived from the original on 26 October 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2023 Barretta Valerio 24 February 2021 Briatore Alonso come Schumi nella preparazione in Italian Formula Passion Archived from the original on 15 February 2023 Retrieved 15 February 2023 Hallbery Andy 2 April 2013 Exclusive Alessandro Nannini on what Kubica faces Motorsport Retro Archived from the original on 2 December 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2023 Collantine Keith Roberto Moreno Race Fans Archived from the original on 1 October 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2023 1990 F1 Season Stats F1 Archived from the original on 26 October 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2023 Peluso Simone 28 May 2020 Benetton multicolor 1986 90 in Italian Formula Passion Archived from the original on 31 January 2023 Retrieved 15 February 2023 van Osten Philip 5 June 2016 Canada 1991 Mansell s wave of disaster F1i Archived from the original on 6 December 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2023 How Schumacher was snatched from Jordan after his F1 debut The Race 19 September 2021 Archived from the original on 27 September 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2023 Jordan believed that as part of Ecclestone s scheme to get Schumacher into a better car as quickly as possible he made Schumacher s management aware of the Yamaha engine deal Ecclestone had set up for Jordan Petric Darjan 30 August 2021 1992 Belgian GP First victory for Michael Schumacher Max F1 Archived from the original on 22 July 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2023 1992 F1 Season Stats F1 Archived from the original on 21 September 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2023 1993 Formula One World Championship review Motorsport Magazine Archived from the original on 15 February 2023 Retrieved 15 February 2023 JOS VERSTAPPEN HOCKENHEIM 1994 F1 Focus Retrieved 4 February 2014 The ugly duckling the story of Benetton s B195 Racing Comments Archive The Autosport Forums Retrieved 4 February 2020 Herbert berates Benetton The Independent 8 September 1995 Retrieved 4 February 2020 Seven year ban on traction control likely over www ESPN com Reuters 4 February 2001 Retrieved 24 October 2006 Cooper Steve August 2007 McLaren dream team turns into nightmare Autosport Vol 189 no 6 pp 6 8 Petric Darjan 27 July 2021 1997 German GP Tenth and last F1 victory for Berger Max F1 Archived from the original on 27 March 2023 Retrieved 27 March 2023 Henry Alan ed AUTOCOURSE 1998 99 Hazleton Publishing Ltd 1998 ISBN 1 874557 43 8 Benetton boss steps down BBC News 30 October 1998 Archived from the original on 16 February 2023 Retrieved 16 February 2023 McLeod Maurice 16 March 2000 Benetton F1 team sold to Renault 75 m The Independent Archived from the original on 16 February 2023 Retrieved 16 February 2023 2000 F1 Season Stats F1 Archived from the original on 12 February 2023 Retrieved 11 February 2023 Balfour Andrew 1 May 2021 Team Enstone tracing the roots of the Alpine F1 team F1 Experiences Archived from the original on 10 February 2023 Retrieved 2 March 2023 Benetton Heir Alessandro Goes It Alone With Private Equity Firm Bloomberg com 6 April 2016 Retrieved 22 November 2017 Hayhoe amp Holland 2006 p 592 The combination of Schumacher and intelligent team strategy paid off with both titles in 1995 although they seemed to miss their superstar the following season when the team officially changed their nationality to Italian New Benetton launched today GrandPrix com 5 February 1996 Retrieved 13 September 2006 Will Benetton s nationalism cause problems GrandPrix com 1 January 1996 Retrieved 13 September 2006 Benetton to race under Italian colours New Straits Times 29 November 1995 Retrieved 4 February 2014 Bibliography Mantle Jonathan 1999 Benetton The Family the Business and the Brand Little Brown amp Co ISBN 978 1 422 35084 3 Tremayne David Hughes Mark 2002 The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula 1 Parragon Publishing ISBN 1 40541 645 9 Hayhoe David Holland David 2006 Grand Prix Data Book Haynes Publishing ISBN 1 84425 223 X External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Benetton Formula United Colors of BenettonSporting positionsPreceded byWilliams Formula One Constructors Champion1995 Succeeded byWilliams Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Benetton Formula amp oldid 1147661145, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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