The Earl of Lennox and William Cunningham, Earl of Glencairn continued to show support for the marriage of Prince Edward to Mary, Queen of Scots after the Parliament of Scotland had rejected this English marriage proposal. The rejection, a breach of the Treaty of Greenwich, resulted in the declaration of war, the war now called the Rough Wooing.[5] Lennox and Glencairn were thus caught offside and technically traitors. Lennox wrote to Mary of Guise on 7 March 1544 hoping to buy time by offering his innocence to be tried before a convention of his peers. He wrote that it was heavily murmured by the Governor and his council;
"that I am the principell man that causis division and braik be in this realme and makis daily insurrectionis and disobeance contrar the authority."
However Arran had already ordered an attack on Glasgow.[6] Artillery and hand guns were sent from Edinburgh Castle.[7]Bothwell Castle was taken first on 8 March.[8] Lennox's men took up position at the Castle and Cathedral, but he himself stayed at his stronghold, Dumbarton Castle.
BattleEdit
Hamilton's forces encountered Lennox's followers at Glasgow Muir (Moor), a mile east of the town. The battle started well for Lennox, his force of about 800 men drove the first rank of the more numerous forces of Hamilton back into the second rank and captured their cannon.[9] At this juncture, Robert Boyd of Kilmarnock and his friend Mungo Mure of Rowallan, valiantly thrust themselves "into the midst of the combat", which resulted favourably for the Regent Hamilton at the end of the battle.[4] There were about 300 slain on both sides.[9] Lennox himself withdrew to Dumbarton Castle, his stronghold. According to an English messenger, Edward Storye, it was reported that Hamilton then took the town of Glasgow and laid siege to Bishop's Castle on Wednesday 26 March.[10]
Amongst the casualties at the moor was Hamilton's Master of Household, and a Glasgow barber-surgeon was hired to look after the injured. The gunner, Hans Cochrane, directed the artillery at the cathedral and castle. When Lennox's garrison surrendered, gallows were set up in the street outside the Tolbooth to hang the leaders.[11]
For his timely service in the battle, Robert Boyd was rewarded with the family lands (which he held in tack), as well as the restoration of his family's title of Lord Boyd.[4]
Soon after this battle, in May 1544, an English army burnt Edinburgh. Around 24 May 1544, Regent Arran fought another battle on Glasgow Moor with the Earl of Glencairn. Glencairn's son, Andrew Cunningham, and John Hamilton of Cambuskeith, Arran's Master of Household, were killed at this battle. Glencairn retreated, and Lennox, being unable to regain possession of Dumbarton Castle, after it had been seized, sailed for England around 28 May 1544.[13]
Writing about thirty years later, John Lesley and Claude Nau gave a detailed version of events. In their account, the Governor, Regent Arran, had heard that Lennox had left Glasgow and came with an army including Lord Boyd. Lennox had departed to Dumbarton Castle. The Earl of Glencairn, with his followers and men of the Lennox, Renfrew and Glasgow town, met Arran's forces on Glasgow Muir (Moor) a mile east of the town. After a long fight with many casualties Regent Arran appeared to have won the day. Arran then entered Glasgow and besieged the Bishop's Palace and Cathedral where Lennox had placed his artillery. The garrison surrendered and 16 or 18 leaders were hanged. Lord Boyd convinced Arran not to destroy and burn more buildings. Lennox sent the Earl of Angus and Lord Maxwell to negotiate a truce but he imprisoned them at Blackness Castle and Hamilton.[15] Maxwell was indeed warded at Hamilton Castle in April 1544 and wrote to Mary of Guise for her intercession.[16]
George Buchanan also gives a brief account of the battle. Again, while Lennox was absent, Glencairn held off Arran's troops until Robert Boyd's charge. Buchanan mentions the Regent's troops carrying off the window shutters and doors of houses in Glasgow, but not the defence of the Castle and Cathedral.[17]Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie describes Lennox's hopes for the regency of Scotland and disappointment with Cardinal Beaton. Lennox and the Earl of Bothwell were set up as rivals for the hand of Mary of Guise. Lennox fortified Glasgow and Arran brought artillery against him. Pitscottie gives the date of the encounter as 28 March 1544 and says the siege lasted 10 days. He adds a detail that the captains of the Castle were won over by promises of gold, then hung. Pitscottie says this was the Cardinal's idea.[18]
Some details check out: there is a record that Lennox was encouraged in the idea he might marry Mary of Guise.[19] However, the four later 16th-century chronicles strongly reflect their authors' own political and religious viewpoints and tend to include partisan detail and suggestion.
^Letters and Papers Henry VIII, vol. 19 part 1 (London, 1903), no. 299 (3) & footnote
^Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 8, pp. 283, 292-3
^Cameron, Annie I., Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine (SHS: Edinburgh, 1927), p. 72.
^Thomas Thomson, A Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (Bannatyne Club: Edinburgh, 1833), pp. 32-33
^James Beveridge, Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1952), nos. 2617, 4504, 4506: William Fraser, Memorials of Wemyss, vol. 2, p. xxxii.
^Thomson, Thomas, ed., Lesley, John, The History of Scotland, (1830), 176-177: Stevenson, Joseph, ed., Claude Nau, History of Mary Stuart (Edinburgh, 1883), pp. 334-335.
^Cameron, Annie I., Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine (SHS: Edinburgh, 1927), p. 74.
^Buchanan, George, History of Scotland, vol. 2, Glasgow, (1827), 342-3, (Bk. 15, cap. 19)
^Lindsay of Pitscottie, Robert, Chronicles of Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1814), pp. 424-429.
Cleland, James (1816). Annals of Glasgow. Vol. 1. Printed by James Hedderwick. p. 10.
MacGregor, Amelia Geogiana Murray; Clan Gregor Society (1898). History of the clan Gregor, from public records and private collections; comp. at the request of the Clan Gregor society. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: W. Brown. p. 105.
Attribution
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain:Paterson, James (1852). History of the county of Ayr: with a genealogical account of the families of Ayrshire. Vol. 2. J. Dick. p. 174.
battle, glasgow, 1544, battle, glasgow, fought, march, 1544, between, matthew, stewart, earl, lennox, scottish, regent, james, hamilton, earl, arran, their, adherents, during, minority, mary, queen, scots, there, second, battle, glasgow, muir, 1544, known, bat. The Battle of Glasgow was fought on 16 March 1544 1 between Matthew Stewart 4th Earl of Lennox and the Scottish Regent James Hamilton 2nd Earl of Arran and their adherents during the minority of Mary Queen of Scots There was a second battle at Glasgow Muir in May 1544 known as the Battle of the Butts 2 between Arran and the Earl of Glencairn 3 4 Glasgow Cathedral and its environs were fortified by the Earl of Lennox in 1544 engraving by John Slezer 1693 Contents 1 Prelude 2 Battle 3 Aftermath 4 In Scottish chronicles 5 See also 6 ReferencesPrelude EditThe Earl of Lennox and William Cunningham Earl of Glencairn continued to show support for the marriage of Prince Edward to Mary Queen of Scots after the Parliament of Scotland had rejected this English marriage proposal The rejection a breach of the Treaty of Greenwich resulted in the declaration of war the war now called the Rough Wooing 5 Lennox and Glencairn were thus caught offside and technically traitors Lennox wrote to Mary of Guise on 7 March 1544 hoping to buy time by offering his innocence to be tried before a convention of his peers He wrote that it was heavily murmured by the Governor and his council that I am the principell man that causis division and braik be in this realme and makis daily insurrectionis and disobeance contrar the authority However Arran had already ordered an attack on Glasgow 6 Artillery and hand guns were sent from Edinburgh Castle 7 Bothwell Castle was taken first on 8 March 8 Lennox s men took up position at the Castle and Cathedral but he himself stayed at his stronghold Dumbarton Castle Battle EditHamilton s forces encountered Lennox s followers at Glasgow Muir Moor a mile east of the town The battle started well for Lennox his force of about 800 men drove the first rank of the more numerous forces of Hamilton back into the second rank and captured their cannon 9 At this juncture Robert Boyd of Kilmarnock and his friend Mungo Mure of Rowallan valiantly thrust themselves into the midst of the combat which resulted favourably for the Regent Hamilton at the end of the battle 4 There were about 300 slain on both sides 9 Lennox himself withdrew to Dumbarton Castle his stronghold According to an English messenger Edward Storye it was reported that Hamilton then took the town of Glasgow and laid siege to Bishop s Castle on Wednesday 26 March 10 Amongst the casualties at the moor was Hamilton s Master of Household and a Glasgow barber surgeon was hired to look after the injured The gunner Hans Cochrane directed the artillery at the cathedral and castle When Lennox s garrison surrendered gallows were set up in the street outside the Tolbooth to hang the leaders 11 Aftermath EditThe Earl of Glencairn s eldest son Alexander Cunningham Lord Kilmaurs and Lennox s brother Robert Stewart Bishop designate of Caithness slipped away from Dumbarton Castle at night through the river Clyde and then rode through the west country to England 12 For his timely service in the battle Robert Boyd was rewarded with the family lands which he held in tack as well as the restoration of his family s title of Lord Boyd 4 Soon after this battle in May 1544 an English army burnt Edinburgh Around 24 May 1544 Regent Arran fought another battle on Glasgow Moor with the Earl of Glencairn Glencairn s son Andrew Cunningham and John Hamilton of Cambuskeith Arran s Master of Household were killed at this battle Glencairn retreated and Lennox being unable to regain possession of Dumbarton Castle after it had been seized sailed for England around 28 May 1544 13 Ten years later a number of men received pardons for their presence at the battle on Lennox s side against the Regent including William Cunningham Earl of Glencairn George Forrester of Kiddisdale Robert Hamilton of Briggis George Hay 7th Earl of Erroll Robert Drummond of Carnock and John Wemyss of that ilk 14 In Scottish chronicles EditWriting about thirty years later John Lesley and Claude Nau gave a detailed version of events In their account the Governor Regent Arran had heard that Lennox had left Glasgow and came with an army including Lord Boyd Lennox had departed to Dumbarton Castle The Earl of Glencairn with his followers and men of the Lennox Renfrew and Glasgow town met Arran s forces on Glasgow Muir Moor a mile east of the town After a long fight with many casualties Regent Arran appeared to have won the day Arran then entered Glasgow and besieged the Bishop s Palace and Cathedral where Lennox had placed his artillery The garrison surrendered and 16 or 18 leaders were hanged Lord Boyd convinced Arran not to destroy and burn more buildings Lennox sent the Earl of Angus and Lord Maxwell to negotiate a truce but he imprisoned them at Blackness Castle and Hamilton 15 Maxwell was indeed warded at Hamilton Castle in April 1544 and wrote to Mary of Guise for her intercession 16 George Buchanan also gives a brief account of the battle Again while Lennox was absent Glencairn held off Arran s troops until Robert Boyd s charge Buchanan mentions the Regent s troops carrying off the window shutters and doors of houses in Glasgow but not the defence of the Castle and Cathedral 17 Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie describes Lennox s hopes for the regency of Scotland and disappointment with Cardinal Beaton Lennox and the Earl of Bothwell were set up as rivals for the hand of Mary of Guise Lennox fortified Glasgow and Arran brought artillery against him Pitscottie gives the date of the encounter as 28 March 1544 and says the siege lasted 10 days He adds a detail that the captains of the Castle were won over by promises of gold then hung Pitscottie says this was the Cardinal s idea 18 Some details check out there is a record that Lennox was encouraged in the idea he might marry Mary of Guise 19 However the four later 16th century chronicles strongly reflect their authors own political and religious viewpoints and tend to include partisan detail and suggestion See also EditBattle of Glasgow 1560 References Edit MacGregor amp Clan Gregor Society 1898 p 105 gives the date as 16 March 1543 4 See Old Style and New Style dates TheGlasgowStory Archbishop Dunbar s Seal www theglasgowstory com Retrieved 20 October 2022 Also known as Battle of Glasgow Field and the Battle of Glasgow Muir or Battle of Glasgow Moor a b c Paterson 1852 p 174 Merriman Marcus The Rough Wooings Tuckwell East Linton 2000 pp 134 142 Cameron Annie I Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine SHS Edinburgh 1927 pp 67 Merriman Marcus The Rough Wooings Tuckwell 2000 141 Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland vol 8 pp 271 76 282 285 293 294 Letters and Papers Henry VIII vol 19 part 1 London 1903 no 181 a b Cleland 1816 p 10 Letters and Papers Henry VIII vol 19 part 1 London 1903 no 299 3 amp footnote Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland vol 8 pp 283 292 3 Cameron Annie I Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine SHS Edinburgh 1927 p 72 Thomas Thomson A Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents Bannatyne Club Edinburgh 1833 pp 32 33 James Beveridge Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland vol 4 Edinburgh 1952 nos 2617 4504 4506 William Fraser Memorials of Wemyss vol 2 p xxxii Thomson Thomas ed Lesley John The History of Scotland 1830 176 177 Stevenson Joseph ed Claude Nau History of Mary Stuart Edinburgh 1883 pp 334 335 Cameron Annie I Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine SHS Edinburgh 1927 p 74 Buchanan George History of Scotland vol 2 Glasgow 1827 342 3 Bk 15 cap 19 Lindsay of Pitscottie Robert Chronicles of Scotland vol 2 Edinburgh 1814 pp 424 429 Dickinson Two Missions of de la Brosse SHS 1942 p 39 Cleland James 1816 Annals of Glasgow Vol 1 Printed by James Hedderwick p 10 MacGregor Amelia Geogiana Murray Clan Gregor Society 1898 History of the clan Gregor from public records and private collections comp at the request of the Clan Gregor society Vol 1 Edinburgh W Brown p 105 Attribution This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Paterson James 1852 History of the county of Ayr with a genealogical account of the families of Ayrshire Vol 2 J Dick p 174 55 51 46 7 N 4 14 4 W 55 862972 N 4 23444 W 55 862972 4 23444 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Glasgow 1544 amp oldid 1145012626, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
