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Commanded by Clauzel, the French expeditionary force amounting to 8,040 men and 30 officers,[1] left Bône on November 9; on the 18th, it crossed the pass of Râs-el-Akba and was only two marches from Constantine. After an encampment at Raz-Oued-Zenati, the French army endured difficult climatic conditions. The army had reached very high areas; during the night rain, snow and hail fell with such abundance and continuity that the soldiers, in the bivouac, were exposed to all the rigors of a Russian winter; the land, completely broken up, recalled the mud of Poland. The army marched further on the 20th, and arrived, with the exception of the baggage and a rear guard, at Constantine, where it was forced to stop. The cold was excessive. Several men had their feet frozen; others perished during the night, because since in Raz-el-Akba there was not enough wood to start a fire. Finally, the reinforcements, thanks to which the teams were doubled and tripled, having joined the army, the French army crossed the Bou-Merzoug, one of the tribes of the Wadi Rhummel, on the 21st, and took up position under the walls of Constantine. The city was defended by nature itself: a ravine 60 meters wide, immense depth, and at the bottom of which flows the Rhummel wadi, presents for escarp and counterscarp a sheer-cut rock, unassailable by mine as by the ball. The Mansourah plateau was connected to the city by a very narrow bridge leading to a very strong double door, well defended by the musketry fires of the houses and gardens which surround it.
The siege
Marshal Clauzel occupied the plateau of Mansourah with the Duke of Nemours and the troops of General Trézel; General de Rigny was ordered to seize the hills of Koudiat-Aty, to pacify the marabouts and the cemeteries in front of the Ez-Rabahah gate and to block this gate. However, it was impossible for the French army to lead on this point, as the field artillery, was not yet ready. Ahmed Bey shut himself up in Constantine, while he entrusted its defense to his general (Khalifa) Ben Aïssa, who has recruited about 1,200 soldiers, all of whom were determined to defend the city from French colonialism.
The French avant-garde brigade moved to the heights where resistance was successfully defeated. The marshal directed artillery fire against the El-Cantara gate. On the 22nd, this brigade fought against the Muslims who came out through doors that the French army could not block. The weather continued to be dreadful: the snow was falling in large flakes, the wind was freezing and finally ammunition and food were exhausted. On the 23rd, a new attack against the French who were repulsed. Two simultaneous attacks on the French, on the night of 23-24, were semi-successful, as many French soldiers were put out of action, either killed, wounded, or captured.
French Retreat
On the 24th, the marshal ordered the retreat. This first day was very difficult; the entire garrison and a multitude of cavalry attacked the rear guard fiercely, including Commander Changarnier, of the 2nd light infantry. Surrounded by enemies, he formed his battalion in a square and, at the moment of a terrible attack, opened a fire of two ranks at close range, which covered three sides of the square with men and horses. On the 26th, the French army camped at Sidi Tamtam. On the 27th, she had passed the difficult parade which led to the Ras el Agba pass, and the Muslims abandoned their pursuit. On the 28th, she reached Guelma where she left her patients. The losses amounted to 1,000 men for the retreat alone.[6]
References
Translated from the French wikipedia's page on the subject Siége de Constantine (1836)
^ abcErnest Mercier (26 March 2012). Les Deux Sièges de Constantine (1836-1837). HACHETTE LIVRE. pp. 14–19. ISBN978-2-01-269367-8.
^ abBertrand Goujon (2012-10-04). Monarchies postrévolutionnaires. 1814-1848: (1814-1848). Editions du Seuil. pp. 5–. ISBN978-2-02-109445-9.
^Historical Dictionary of Algeria - Phillip C. Naylor Citation
^Encyclopedia of African History: A - G.. 1 Citation
^North Africa, Revised Edition: A History from Antiquity to the Present - Phillip C. Naylor Citation
^Pierre Montagnon (2012-12-15). Histoire de l'Algérie. Des origines à nos jours. Pygmalion. pp. 203–. ISBN978-2-7564-0921-4.
The information in this article is based on that in its French equivalent.
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French July 2020 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Siege de Constantine 1836 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Siege de Constantine 1836 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The aim of the 1836 Battle of Constantine was to conquer the Algerian city of Constantine the attack was a French failure 3 4 5 Siege of ConstantinePart of French conquest of AlgeriaThe failed French attack against Constantine AlgeriaDate21 November 1836 24 November 1836LocationConstantine French AlgeriaResultAlgerian victoryBelligerentsFranceBeylik of ConstantineCommanders and leadersBertrand Clausel Prince Louis Duke of Nemours Camille Alphonse Trezel Alexandre Gaultier de RignyAhmed Bey ben Mohamed Cherif Ali ben AissaStrength8 070 including 30 officers 1 1 200 1 Casualties and losses453 deaths 2 304 wounded 2 Unknown Contents 1 The expedition 2 The siege 3 French Retreat 4 ReferencesThe expedition EditCommanded by Clauzel the French expeditionary force amounting to 8 040 men and 30 officers 1 left Bone on November 9 on the 18th it crossed the pass of Ras el Akba and was only two marches from Constantine After an encampment at Raz Oued Zenati the French army endured difficult climatic conditions The army had reached very high areas during the night rain snow and hail fell with such abundance and continuity that the soldiers in the bivouac were exposed to all the rigors of a Russian winter the land completely broken up recalled the mud of Poland The army marched further on the 20th and arrived with the exception of the baggage and a rear guard at Constantine where it was forced to stop The cold was excessive Several men had their feet frozen others perished during the night because since in Raz el Akba there was not enough wood to start a fire Finally the reinforcements thanks to which the teams were doubled and tripled having joined the army the French army crossed the Bou Merzoug one of the tribes of the Wadi Rhummel on the 21st and took up position under the walls of Constantine The city was defended by nature itself a ravine 60 meters wide immense depth and at the bottom of which flows the Rhummel wadi presents for escarp and counterscarp a sheer cut rock unassailable by mine as by the ball The Mansourah plateau was connected to the city by a very narrow bridge leading to a very strong double door well defended by the musketry fires of the houses and gardens which surround it The siege EditMarshal Clauzel occupied the plateau of Mansourah with the Duke of Nemours and the troops of General Trezel General de Rigny was ordered to seize the hills of Koudiat Aty to pacify the marabouts and the cemeteries in front of the Ez Rabahah gate and to block this gate However it was impossible for the French army to lead on this point as the field artillery was not yet ready Ahmed Bey shut himself up in Constantine while he entrusted its defense to his general Khalifa Ben Aissa who has recruited about 1 200 soldiers all of whom were determined to defend the city from French colonialism The French avant garde brigade moved to the heights where resistance was successfully defeated The marshal directed artillery fire against the El Cantara gate On the 22nd this brigade fought against the Muslims who came out through doors that the French army could not block The weather continued to be dreadful the snow was falling in large flakes the wind was freezing and finally ammunition and food were exhausted On the 23rd a new attack against the French who were repulsed Two simultaneous attacks on the French on the night of 23 24 were semi successful as many French soldiers were put out of action either killed wounded or captured French Retreat EditOn the 24th the marshal ordered the retreat This first day was very difficult the entire garrison and a multitude of cavalry attacked the rear guard fiercely including Commander Changarnier of the 2nd light infantry Surrounded by enemies he formed his battalion in a square and at the moment of a terrible attack opened a fire of two ranks at close range which covered three sides of the square with men and horses On the 26th the French army camped at Sidi Tamtam On the 27th she had passed the difficult parade which led to the Ras el Agba pass and the Muslims abandoned their pursuit On the 28th she reached Guelma where she left her patients The losses amounted to 1 000 men for the retreat alone 6 References EditTranslated from the French wikipedia s page on the subject Siege de Constantine 1836 a b c Ernest Mercier 26 March 2012 Les Deux Sieges de Constantine 1836 1837 HACHETTE LIVRE pp 14 19 ISBN 978 2 01 269367 8 a b Bertrand Goujon 2012 10 04 Monarchies postrevolutionnaires 1814 1848 1814 1848 Editions du Seuil pp 5 ISBN 978 2 02 109445 9 Historical Dictionary of Algeria Phillip C Naylor Citation Encyclopedia of African History A G 1 Citation North Africa Revised Edition A History from Antiquity to the Present Phillip C Naylor Citation Pierre Montagnon 2012 12 15 Histoire de l Algerie Des origines a nos jours Pygmalion pp 203 ISBN 978 2 7564 0921 4 The information in this article is based on that in its French equivalent Coordinates 36 17 00 N 6 37 00 E 36 2833 N 6 6167 E 36 2833 6 6167 This article about a battle in French history is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Constantine amp oldid 1134900273, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
