This article is about the Moroccan archaeological site of Basra. For the city of the same name in Iraq, see Basra.
Basra (Arabic: ٱلْبَصْرَة), nicknamed Basra al-Hamra (Arabic: ٱلْبَصْرَة الحَمْراءُ, lit. 'Basra the Red'), was a settlement and historic town in northwestern Morocco. It was founded in 833 by the Idrisid dynasty, under the reign of the Emir Muhammad ibn Idris II.[1] It was originally the summer capital of the Idrisid dynasty from the 8th to 10th centuries after they were driven out of Fes by the Fatimids. It is currently located in the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region. It is situated on the road from Souq al-Arba to Ouezzane, about 40 km from the Atlantic coast and 20 km south of Ksar el-Kebir.
It was named after the city of Basra in Iraq by the Idrisids in remembrance of it.[2] It experienced considerable development and quickly emerged from a simple village to the summer residence of the Idrisid emirs.[3] The geographer and traveller Ibn Hawqal in the 9th century described it as a flourishing commercial centre and mentioned that it is of medium size and is surrounded by defensive walls. He also said that it was served by two river ports as a thriving center of commerce and an important area of cotton and grain production. Its main products were cereals, wheat, barley and cotton which it exported to Ifriqiya.[4]
At the beginning of the 9th century, along with Asilah, Basra appeared to be a monetary minting workshop which produced Idrisid dirhams, the currency of the Idrisid Emirate.[4] In 979, the Fatimids led a military expedition to Ceuta, and on the way they destroyed the walls and fortifications of Basra. The red earth fortifications which gave it its nickname were destroyed in 979 but the city lingered on. When Leo Africanus (1488–1548) explored it, it was in ruins.[3]
The excavations undertaken in this site since 1980 have allowed a better understanding of the spatial organization of the site, the discovery of a metallurgical workshop and lithic tools attesting to the archaeological importance of the city. The wall of the city of al-Basra, once pierced by ten gates, was largely destroyed. Its layout, of which only the foundations remain, marries the relief and extends over a length of 2.5 km circumscribing an area of 30 hectares. The wall, 2.20m thick, is built of rubble and reinforced by semi-circular towers. A cistern built of stone was also brought to light by the excavations. It is covered by a vault supported by transverse arches and is 4.25m wide and 6m long.[3]
Referencesedit
^. 2019-06-09. Archived from the original on 2019-06-09. Retrieved 2023-04-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ abc. 2007-03-20. Archived from the original on 2007-03-20. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
^ ab"Qantara - Les Idrissides (789- 926)". www.qantara-med.org. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
Sourcesedit
D. Eustache, "Al-Basra, capital idrisside et son port". Hespéris XLII, 1955, 217–238. An important study.
Ahmed Siraj, L'Image de la Tingitane. L'historiographie arabe medievale et l'Antiquite nord-africaine. École Française de Rome, 1995. ISBN2-7283-0317-7. pp 558–565 discusses various problems connected with the archaeology and historiography.
basra, morocco, this, article, about, moroccan, archaeological, site, basra, city, same, name, iraq, basra, basra, arabic, ٱل, nicknamed, basra, hamra, arabic, ٱل, الح, راء, basra, settlement, historic, town, northwestern, morocco, founded, idrisid, dynasty, u. This article is about the Moroccan archaeological site of Basra For the city of the same name in Iraq see Basra Basra Arabic ٱل ب ص ر ة nicknamed Basra al Hamra Arabic ٱل ب ص ر ة الح م راء lit Basra the Red was a settlement and historic town in northwestern Morocco It was founded in 833 by the Idrisid dynasty under the reign of the Emir Muhammad ibn Idris II 1 It was originally the summer capital of the Idrisid dynasty from the 8th to 10th centuries after they were driven out of Fes by the Fatimids It is currently located in the Rabat Sale Kenitra region It is situated on the road from Souq al Arba to Ouezzane about 40 km from the Atlantic coast and 20 km south of Ksar el Kebir Basra ٱل ب ص ر ةTemporary capital of the Idrisid dynastyBasraHistoric location in MoroccoCoordinates 34 48 24 N 5 52 14 W 34 80667 N 5 87056 W 34 80667 5 87056Country MoroccoRegionRabat Sale KenitraBuilt by Idrisids833Founded byMuhammad ibn IdrisNamed forBasra IraqIt was named after the city of Basra in Iraq by the Idrisids in remembrance of it 2 It experienced considerable development and quickly emerged from a simple village to the summer residence of the Idrisid emirs 3 The geographer and traveller Ibn Hawqal in the 9th century described it as a flourishing commercial centre and mentioned that it is of medium size and is surrounded by defensive walls He also said that it was served by two river ports as a thriving center of commerce and an important area of cotton and grain production Its main products were cereals wheat barley and cotton which it exported to Ifriqiya 4 At the beginning of the 9th century along with Asilah Basra appeared to be a monetary minting workshop which produced Idrisid dirhams the currency of the Idrisid Emirate 4 In 979 the Fatimids led a military expedition to Ceuta and on the way they destroyed the walls and fortifications of Basra The red earth fortifications which gave it its nickname were destroyed in 979 but the city lingered on When Leo Africanus 1488 1548 explored it it was in ruins 3 The excavations undertaken in this site since 1980 have allowed a better understanding of the spatial organization of the site the discovery of a metallurgical workshop and lithic tools attesting to the archaeological importance of the city The wall of the city of al Basra once pierced by ten gates was largely destroyed Its layout of which only the foundations remain marries the relief and extends over a length of 2 5 km circumscribing an area of 30 hectares The wall 2 20m thick is built of rubble and reinforced by semi circular towers A cistern built of stone was also brought to light by the excavations It is covered by a vault supported by transverse arches and is 4 25m wide and 6m long 3 References edit ص135 كتاب تعريف بالأماكن الواردة في البداية والنهاية لابن كثير البصرة المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة 2019 06 09 Archived from the original on 2019 06 09 Retrieved 2023 04 20 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Udi Sattar Maghsoodi Hamid Reza 2013 Baṣra Morocco In Madelung Wilferd Daftary Farhad eds Encyclopaedia Islamica Online Brill Online ISSN 1875 9831 a b c Al Basra 2007 03 20 Archived from the original on 2007 03 20 Retrieved 2023 04 20 a b Qantara Les Idrissides 789 926 www qantara med org Retrieved 2023 04 20 Sources editD Eustache Al Basra capital idrisside et son port Hesperis XLII 1955 217 238 An important study Ahmed Siraj L Image de la Tingitane L historiographie arabe medievale et l Antiquite nord africaine Ecole Francaise de Rome 1995 ISBN 2 7283 0317 7 pp 558 565 discusses various problems connected with the archaeology and historiography External links editMoroccan government web page for the site34 48 19 N 5 52 11 W 34 80528 N 5 86972 W 34 80528 5 86972 This Tanger Tetouan Al Hoceima location article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Basra Morocco amp oldid 1217123280, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
