Barrakka Lift
The Barrakka Lift is a lift in Valletta, Malta which was constructed in 2012, on the site of a previous lift which had operated from 1905 to 1973 and which was demolished in 1983. It is located inside the ditch of the fortifications of Valletta, and it links Lascaris Wharf to St. Peter and Paul Bastion and the Upper Barrakka Gardens. It therefore allows access from the Grand Harbour to the city.
First lift edit
Background and construction edit
In 1901, Sacco Albanese, a former employee of the Edison Manufacturing Company, proposed the construction of a tramway in Malta.[1] The tender was won by Macartney, McElroy & Co. Ltd, which apart from the tramway also planned to construct two lifts in Valletta, one near Marsamxett Harbour and another near the Grand Harbour.[2][3] Eventually it was decided to only construct the elevator on the Grand Harbour side, and the contract was signed on 24 December 1903.[4]
Macartney, McElroy & Co. Ltd hired the London-based subcontractors Joseph Richmond & Co. Ltd.[3] Construction cost £5000[a] and it was completed in September 1905. The official opening took place on 18 December 1905.[6]
Description edit
The lift was constructed out of steel, and it was 60 m (200 ft) high while it had a weight of 75 tonnes (74 long tons; 83 short tons). Part of the sloping bastion wall was cut out so as to make way for the lift's tower, while steel girders were attached to the top of the lift to ensure stability.[6]
The lift had two cabins that could hold 12 passengers and were suspended on four ropes.[6] Two 500 V motors were located in the booth at the top of the tower, allowing a maximum speed of 1.3 m/s. Hydraulic buffers designed to brake the elevator were located at the bottom of the lift shafts.[7]
Operation edit
Tickets for the lift initially cost ½d for military personnel and 1d for other clients.[3] Daily profits were around £10 on weekdays and £14 on Sundays.[8]
In World War I, problems arose regarding the supply of spare parts and coal which was used to power the lift.[9] In October 1917, the company was forced to suspend the lift due to a lack of spare parts, and it only resumed operation in June 1919 after the war had ended.[10]
The Malta Tramways were abolished in 1929, and the power plant which supplied the lift stopped functioning in 1931, when the government granted the company a plot near the elevator so as to allow them to build a new power station on it. This allowed the lift to be powered by electricity from the power grid, and the new building also had a waiting room.[10]
A significant drop in customers using the lift occurred during World War II, due to increasing ticket prices caused by increased electricity costs and irregular ferry services. Initially it was planned to increase prices by ½d, but prices were eventually increased by 1d in 1941, resulting in tickets for military employees costing 1½d and those for other clients costing 2d.[11][12] In February 1941, 18,224 people were transported, resulting in a profit of £128.19s.8d. In February 1942, over 650 passengers were transported on an average daily basis.[13]
Political changes in the decades after the war, including Malta's independence in 1964, took their toll on the bridge. A significant number of the lift's clients were British military personnel and employees, and the reduced military activity after independence resulted in a further drop in the number of customers.[12] Ticket prices rose by another ½d in 1958. A planned increase of fees up to 3d in 1964 was not accepted by the government.[14]
The company reported significant losses on 22 January 1973,[15] and lift ceased operation on 1 February 1973.[16] It was passed to the government in 1974,[17] and Macartney, McElroy & Co. Ltd was liquidated in 1975.[15] Proposals to restart operation of the lift were never implemented, and in the late 1970s the decision was taken that the lift should be dismantled. Initially this did not take place due to the significant costs involved, but eventually the lift was demolished between June and August 1983.[18] Demolition was carried out by the General Construction and Engineering Company, which had been set up by the government specifically for dismantling the lift. It was planned to use the salvaged steel to rebuild the St Elmo Bridge which had been destroyed in World War II, but this was never done and the steel was abandoned at Corradino.[17]
Second lift edit
Construction edit
Plans to construct a new lift at the site were initiated in 2004, with the intention being to facilitate access to the historic centre of Valletta from the Grand Harbour, where cruise liners were being berthed. A ferry service linking the Three Cities to the harbour was also planned.[17] In 2009 it was decided that the lift was to be rebuilt by the Grand Harbour Regeneration Corporation at an estimated cost of €2 million. The estimated date of completion was originally March 2011,[19] but delays related to obtaining the required permits led to work on the project beginning in July 2011.[20][21][22] The construction of the lift was partially financed by the European Regional Development Fund.[23]
The lift wad designed by the local firm Architecture Project.[24][25] It was inaugurated on 15 December 2012 by Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi and infrastructure minister Austin Gatt. The ferry service linking the Three Cities to the Grand Harbour was inaugurated a week before the lift.[26]
Description edit
The lift stands at 58 m (190 ft),[23] and it consists of a concrete structure which is surrounded by an aluminium mesh. It has two cabins which can carry up to 21 passengers each, resulting in a carrying capacity of up to 800 people per hour.[26] The journey takes approximately 23 seconds.[23] It also includes a flight of stairs.[21]
Operation edit
The lift is open from 07:00 to 21:00 from November to May, and 07:00 to 00:00 from June to October. A return trip costs €1, and it is free for children under 10 years old, holders of KartaAnzjan and those holders of 3 cities ferry tickets.[23]
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 13
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 18
- ^ a b c Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 155
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 29
- ^ "Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
- ^ a b c Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 156
- ^ "The Barracca Lift". The Engineer (101): 612. 15 June 1906.
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 157
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 102
- ^ a b Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 158
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 159
- ^ a b Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 161
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 180
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 165
- ^ a b Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 167
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 11
- ^ a b c . Times of Malta. 11 March 2004. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
- ^ Bonnici & Cassar 1991, p. 169
- ^ . Times of Malta. 26 March 2009. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
- ^ Sansone, Kurt (24 April 2010). . Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
- ^ a b . Times of Malta. 28 June 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
- ^ Calleja, Claudia. . Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
- ^ a b c d . Transport Malta. Archived from the original on 27 April 2018.
- ^ Griffiths, Alyn (29 September 2013). . Dezeen. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018.
- ^ Hobson, Ben (13 November 2013). . Dezeen. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018.
- ^ a b Cooke, Patrick (16 December 2012). . Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
Bibliography edit
- Bonnici, Joseph; Cassar, Michael (1991). The Malta Tramway and The Barracca Lift. Self-published. OCLC 34887183.
External links edit
Media related to Upper Barrakka Lift at Wikimedia Commons