The Barony of Geraki was a medieval Frankish fiefdom of the Principality of Achaea, located on the western slopes of Mount Parnon in Laconia, of the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, and centred on the castle of Geraki (Greek: Γεράκι, Ἰεράκιον; French: Le Gi[e]rachy; Italian: Zirachi, Zerachi).[1] After the fall of Geraki to the Byzantines, the ruling family, the Nivelets, retained their baronial title and were compensated with new lands in Messenia, as the Barony of Nivelet.
The Barony of Geraki was established ca. 1209, after the conquest of the Peloponnese by the Crusaders, and was one of the original twelve secular baronies within the Principality of Achaea. The barony, with six knight's fiefs attached to it, was given to Guy of Nivelet, who built the fortress of Geraki near ancient Geronthrae.[2][3] Like the Barony of Passavant in western Laconia, Geraki was built as a stronghold in an unruly border region. It was not until ca. 1248, with the fall of the last Byzantine fortress, Monemvasia, that Laconia was fully pacified, and Geraki's purpose was to keep watch over the rebellious Tsakones who inhabited the northern Parnon.[4][5]
Guy of Nivelet, who is securely attested ca. 1228/30, was succeeded as baron by John of Nivelet, perhaps his son.[6] In the 1260s, Geraki fell to the resurgent Byzantines, but it is unclear exactly when. George Pachymeres mentions it as one of the fortresses (along with Grand Maigne, Mystras and Monemvasia) that Prince William II of Villehardouin agreed to hand over as ransom for his release from captivity. In reality, although Geraki was most probably not immediately surrendered, its exposed position made it vulnerable and it likely fell, if not in the first Byzantine offensives of 1263–64, then certainly by ca. 1268/70.[7]
Following the loss of Geraki, the Nivelet family was compensated with new lands in Messenia. They kept their baronial title, but the new "Barony of Nivelet" was no longer a distinct geographical entity, but apparently an assemblage of dispersed fiefs tied to the family.[8] The Nivelets survived until 1316, when the family was dispossessed due to the firm support of the then baron (Karl Hopf hypothetically names him John II) to the unsuccessful venture of Ferdinand of Majorca to seize the Principality. After defeating Ferdinand, Prince Louis of Burgundy had the last Nivelet baron executed and gave his lands to one of his own followers, Dreux of Charny.[9]
Bon, Antoine (1969). La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe [The Frankish Morea. Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea] (in French). Paris: De Boccard. OCLC 869621129.
Miller, William (1921). Essays on the Latin Orient. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 457893641.
January 31, 2023
barony, geraki, medieval, frankish, fiefdom, principality, achaea, located, western, slopes, mount, parnon, laconia, peloponnese, peninsula, greece, centred, castle, geraki, greek, Γεράκι, Ἰεράκιον, french, rachy, italian, zirachi, zerachi, after, fall, geraki. The Barony of Geraki was a medieval Frankish fiefdom of the Principality of Achaea located on the western slopes of Mount Parnon in Laconia of the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece and centred on the castle of Geraki Greek Geraki Ἰerakion French Le Gi e rachy Italian Zirachi Zerachi 1 After the fall of Geraki to the Byzantines the ruling family the Nivelets retained their baronial title and were compensated with new lands in Messenia as the Barony of Nivelet Barony of GerakiBarony of the Principality of Achaea1209 1260sMap of the Peloponnese with its principal locations during the late Middle AgesCapitalGerakiArea Coordinates36 59 N 22 42 E 36 983 N 22 700 E 36 983 22 700 Coordinates 36 59 N 22 42 E 36 983 N 22 700 E 36 983 22 700History TypeFeudal lordshipHistorical eraMiddle Ages Established1209 Byzantine reconquest1260sSucceeded byDespotate of the MoreaHistory EditThe Barony of Geraki was established ca 1209 after the conquest of the Peloponnese by the Crusaders and was one of the original twelve secular baronies within the Principality of Achaea The barony with six knight s fiefs attached to it was given to Guy of Nivelet who built the fortress of Geraki near ancient Geronthrae 2 3 Like the Barony of Passavant in western Laconia Geraki was built as a stronghold in an unruly border region It was not until ca 1248 with the fall of the last Byzantine fortress Monemvasia that Laconia was fully pacified and Geraki s purpose was to keep watch over the rebellious Tsakones who inhabited the northern Parnon 4 5 Guy of Nivelet who is securely attested ca 1228 30 was succeeded as baron by John of Nivelet perhaps his son 6 In the 1260s Geraki fell to the resurgent Byzantines but it is unclear exactly when George Pachymeres mentions it as one of the fortresses along with Grand Maigne Mystras and Monemvasia that Prince William II of Villehardouin agreed to hand over as ransom for his release from captivity In reality although Geraki was most probably not immediately surrendered its exposed position made it vulnerable and it likely fell if not in the first Byzantine offensives of 1263 64 then certainly by ca 1268 70 7 Following the loss of Geraki the Nivelet family was compensated with new lands in Messenia They kept their baronial title but the new Barony of Nivelet was no longer a distinct geographical entity but apparently an assemblage of dispersed fiefs tied to the family 8 The Nivelets survived until 1316 when the family was dispossessed due to the firm support of the then baron Karl Hopf hypothetically names him John II to the unsuccessful venture of Ferdinand of Majorca to seize the Principality After defeating Ferdinand Prince Louis of Burgundy had the last Nivelet baron executed and gave his lands to one of his own followers Dreux of Charny 9 References Edit Bon 1969 p 510 Miller 1921 pp 71 72 Bon 1969 pp 112 510 Miller 1921 p 72 Bon 1969 pp 73 112 113 Bon 1969 pp 112 113 Bon 1969 pp 113 123 125 126 135 Bon 1969 pp 113 135 510 Bon 1969 pp 113 note 2 192 193Sources EditBon Antoine 1969 La Moree franque Recherches historiques topographiques et archeologiques sur la principaute d Achaie The Frankish Morea Historical Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea in French Paris De Boccard OCLC 869621129 Miller William 1921 Essays on the Latin Orient Cambridge Cambridge University Press OCLC 457893641 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Barony of Geraki amp oldid 1008116878, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
