The Bangkok Rules, or formally, "The United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders", is a set of 70 rules[1] focused on the treatment of female offenders and prisoners adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 22 December 2010.[2] The Bangkok Rules, or the "70 Rules" as it is frequently known, is the first set of rules tailored to the treatment of women prisoners. It supplements existing international standards on the treatment of prisoners, particularly the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, which applies to all prisoners regardless of gender.
In 2009, the Thai government, prodded by Princess Bajrakitiyabha, an advocate for female prison reform, submitted a resolution to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council, that detailed the vulnerability of women incarcerated in a system built principally for men. The resolution set in motion a series of meetings that culminated in the UN General Assembly's 2010 adoption of the body's first set of rules focused on women prisoners: Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders, or the Bangkok Rules.[2]
On 22 December 2010, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to adopt the Bangkok Rules, which encouraged member states "to adopt legislation to establish alternatives to imprisonment and to give priority to the financing of such systems, as well as to the development of the mechanisms needed for their implementation."[3]
Historically, prisons and prison regimes have almost invariably been designed for the majority male prison population—from the architecture of prisons, to security procedures, to healthcare, family contact, work and training. The Bangkok Rules give guidance to policy makers, legislators, sentencing authorities and prison staff to reduce the imprisonment of women, and to meet the specific needs of women in case of imprisonment. The rules cover a variety of issues, including admission procedures, healthcare, humane treatment, search procedures, children who accompany their mothers into prison.[4]
Growing female prison population
Estimated to account for between two and ten percent of national prison populations, women are the fastest growing prisoner demographic. In the US, for example, the number of incarcerated women has grown at roughly twice the rate for men, multiplying by almost a factor of seven in the last three decades. Chinese data are not up to date, but, between 1997 and 2002, the number of women in Chinese prisons increased at an average annual rate of 13 percent.[2][5]
Victims of domestic abuse and alternatives to prison
Female offenders are disproportionately likely to have been victims of domestic or sexual abuse. Throughout the criminal justice process, they are at risk of further abuse, violence and humiliation—from police, prison officers and fellow prisoners. For many women, custody means ill-treatment, threats of rape, touching, "virginity testing", being stripped naked, invasive body searches, insults and humiliations of a sexual nature or even rape. There are also cases of women prisoners being forced into a position of providing sex for favours or preferential treatment. Alternatives to imprisonment—such as community service—have been shown to be much more effective in reducing recidivism and promoting lasting rehabilitation. However, in many countries alternatives to prison fail to take into account the specific requirements of women offenders. Their caretaking responsibilities and their previous history of domestic violence are often overlooked, as are gender differences in drug dependency and therefore drug treatment.[4]
^"The Bangkok Rules; United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders with their Commentary" (PDF). UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^ abc"Dialogue—Issue 43: Bangkok Rules Address the Plight of Women in Prison". Dui Hua. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^"Resolution adopted by the General Assembly" (PDF). United Nations.
^ ab"UN Bangkok Rules on women offenders and prisoners; Short guide" (PDF). Penal Reform International. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
^"China: Women Prisoner Numbers Rise 10 Times Faster than Men". Dui Hua. 2015-06-23. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
February 18, 2023
bangkok, rules, formally, united, nations, rules, treatment, women, prisoners, custodial, measures, women, offenders, rules, focused, treatment, female, offenders, prisoners, adopted, united, nations, general, assembly, december, 2010, rules, frequently, known. The Bangkok Rules or formally The United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non custodial Measures for Women Offenders is a set of 70 rules 1 focused on the treatment of female offenders and prisoners adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 22 December 2010 2 The Bangkok Rules or the 70 Rules as it is frequently known is the first set of rules tailored to the treatment of women prisoners It supplements existing international standards on the treatment of prisoners particularly the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners which applies to all prisoners regardless of gender Contents 1 Introduction 2 Growing female prison population 3 Victims of domestic abuse and alternatives to prison 4 See also 5 ReferencesIntroduction EditIn 2009 the Thai government prodded by Princess Bajrakitiyabha an advocate for female prison reform submitted a resolution to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council that detailed the vulnerability of women incarcerated in a system built principally for men The resolution set in motion a series of meetings that culminated in the UN General Assembly s 2010 adoption of the body s first set of rules focused on women prisoners Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non custodial Measures for Women Offenders or the Bangkok Rules 2 On 22 December 2010 the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to adopt the Bangkok Rules which encouraged member states to adopt legislation to establish alternatives to imprisonment and to give priority to the financing of such systems as well as to the development of the mechanisms needed for their implementation 3 Historically prisons and prison regimes have almost invariably been designed for the majority male prison population from the architecture of prisons to security procedures to healthcare family contact work and training The Bangkok Rules give guidance to policy makers legislators sentencing authorities and prison staff to reduce the imprisonment of women and to meet the specific needs of women in case of imprisonment The rules cover a variety of issues including admission procedures healthcare humane treatment search procedures children who accompany their mothers into prison 4 Growing female prison population EditEstimated to account for between two and ten percent of national prison populations women are the fastest growing prisoner demographic In the US for example the number of incarcerated women has grown at roughly twice the rate for men multiplying by almost a factor of seven in the last three decades Chinese data are not up to date but between 1997 and 2002 the number of women in Chinese prisons increased at an average annual rate of 13 percent 2 5 Victims of domestic abuse and alternatives to prison EditFemale offenders are disproportionately likely to have been victims of domestic or sexual abuse Throughout the criminal justice process they are at risk of further abuse violence and humiliation from police prison officers and fellow prisoners For many women custody means ill treatment threats of rape touching virginity testing being stripped naked invasive body searches insults and humiliations of a sexual nature or even rape There are also cases of women prisoners being forced into a position of providing sex for favours or preferential treatment Alternatives to imprisonment such as community service have been shown to be much more effective in reducing recidivism and promoting lasting rehabilitation However in many countries alternatives to prison fail to take into account the specific requirements of women offenders Their caretaking responsibilities and their previous history of domestic violence are often overlooked as are gender differences in drug dependency and therefore drug treatment 4 See also EditPrison Healthcare Menopause in incarceration Incarceration of womenReferences Edit The Bangkok Rules United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non custodial Measures for Women Offenders with their Commentary PDF UN Office on Drugs and Crime UNODC Retrieved 2019 01 23 a b c Dialogue Issue 43 Bangkok Rules Address the Plight of Women in Prison Dui Hua Retrieved 2019 01 23 Resolution adopted by the General Assembly PDF United Nations a b UN Bangkok Rules on women offenders and prisoners Short guide PDF Penal Reform International Retrieved 2019 01 23 China Women Prisoner Numbers Rise 10 Times Faster than Men Dui Hua 2015 06 23 Retrieved 2019 01 23 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bangkok Rules amp oldid 1104475577, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
