Bamboo coral, family Isididae, is a family of mostly deep-seacoral of the phylum Cnidaria.[1][2] It is a commonly recognized inhabitant of the deep sea, due to the clearly articulated skeletons of the species.[3]Deep water coral species such as this are especially affected by the practice of bottom trawling. These organisms may be an important environmental indicator in the study of long term climate change, as some specimens of bamboo coral have been discovered that are 4,000 years old.[4]
This bamboo coral branches at the gorgonin internodesFragments of fossil Keratoisis melitensis (Goldfuss, 1826) from the Lower Pleistocene of Cape Milazzo, Sicily, Italy.
Relatively little is known about bamboo coral.[5][6] The skeletons of bamboo coral are made up of calcium carbonate in the form of tree-like branches alternating with joint-like nodes or axes composed of gorgonin protein.[7][8] The alternation of the bony structures with the smaller gorgonin parts give the bamboo coral a finger-like appearance similar to that of the bamboo plant on land.[7] Bamboo coral was reported in 2005 to have been found on a dozen seamounts in the Pacific Ocean between Santa Barbara, California, and Kodiak, Alaska.[9] Ages and growth rates of bamboo coral in the deepest water are unknown. However, based on radiocarbon-based growth rate and age data from specimens in the Gulf of Alaska, the life span has been estimated to be between 75 and 126 years.[10]
Recently, a mission funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) discovered seven new species of bamboo coral in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, a U.S. national monument lying primarily in deep waters off the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, using the Pisces V. Of these seven new species, six may represent completely new genera (that is, major new classification categories). Data from these findings are still being analyzed.[11] A bamboo coral "tree", five feet tall, was described for the first time by the mission. Scientists also found an area of dead coral, about 10,000 square feet (930 m2) and more than 2,000 feet (610 m) deep. The cause of death of the coral community is unknown but it is estimated to have occurred several thousand to perhaps over a million years ago.[12]
Deep sea bamboo coral provides the ecosystems to support deep sea life and also may be among the first organisms to display the effects of changes in ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide, since they produce growth rings similar to those of a tree and can provide a view of changes in the condition in the deep sea over time. Some bamboo coral can be especially long-lived; coral specimens as old as 4,000 years were found at the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, giving scientists a window into the ocean's past. One scientist said the coral provided "4,000 years worth of information about what has been going on in the deep ocean interior".[4] Deep water coral organisms such as bamboo coral are especially affected by the practice of bottom trawling.[9] Other research has raised the possibility that Isididae corals, because of their potential to mimic biological properties, may potentially be used as living bone implants as well as in aquatic cultivation.[7]
Generaedit
The following genera are currently described in the family Isididae:[13]
^Scott C. France (2007). "Genetic analysis of bamboo corals" (PDF). Bulletin of Marine Science. 81 (3): 323–333.
^ ab"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – New Deep-Sea Coral Discovered on NOAA-Supported Mission". www.noaanews.noaa.gov. from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
^ abcH. Ehrlich; P. Etnoyer; S. D. Litvinov; M. M. Olennikova; H. Domaschke; T. Hanke; R. Born; H. Meissner; H. Worch (2006). "Biomaterial structure in deep-sea bamboo coral (Anthozoa: Gorgonacea: Isididae): perspectives for the development of bone implants and templates for tissue engineering". Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik. 37 (6): 552–557. doi:10.1002/mawe.200600036. S2CID 97972721.
^. X-Ray International Dive Magazine. www.xray-mag.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
^ ab. www.savethehighseas.org. Archived from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
^E. B. Roark; T. P. Guilderson; S. Flood-Page; R. B. Dunbar; B. L. Ingram; S. J. Fallon; M. McCulloch (2005). "Radiocarbon-based ages and growth rates of bamboo corals from the Gulf of Alaska". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (4): L04606. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..32.4606R. doi:10.1029/2004GL021919.
^"Discovery – 7 New Species Of Bamboo Coral Near Hawaii". www.scientificblogging.com. 2009-03-05. Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
^. www.samoanewsonline.com. Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
"Classification of Family: Isididae – GBIF Portal". data.gbif.org.
"Discover Life – Gorgonacea: Isididae". www.discoverlife.org.
Bamboo coral research 2020-02-20 at the Wayback Machine Research at UC Davis Bodega laboratory
December 18, 2023
bamboo, coral, family, isididae, family, mostly, deep, coral, phylum, cnidaria, commonly, recognized, inhabitant, deep, clearly, articulated, skeletons, species, deep, water, coral, species, such, this, especially, affected, practice, bottom, trawling, these, . Bamboo coral family Isididae is a family of mostly deep sea coral of the phylum Cnidaria 1 2 It is a commonly recognized inhabitant of the deep sea due to the clearly articulated skeletons of the species 3 Deep water coral species such as this are especially affected by the practice of bottom trawling These organisms may be an important environmental indicator in the study of long term climate change as some specimens of bamboo coral have been discovered that are 4 000 years old 4 Bamboo coralIsidella tentaculum Gulf of Alaska Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum CnidariaClass OctocoralliaOrder AlcyonaceaSuborder CalcaxoniaFamily IsididaeLamouroux 1812This bamboo coral branches at the gorgonin internodesFragments of fossil Keratoisis melitensis Goldfuss 1826 from the Lower Pleistocene of Cape Milazzo Sicily Italy Contents 1 Description 2 Genera 3 References 4 External linksDescription editRelatively little is known about bamboo coral 5 6 The skeletons of bamboo coral are made up of calcium carbonate in the form of tree like branches alternating with joint like nodes or axes composed of gorgonin protein 7 8 The alternation of the bony structures with the smaller gorgonin parts give the bamboo coral a finger like appearance similar to that of the bamboo plant on land 7 Bamboo coral was reported in 2005 to have been found on a dozen seamounts in the Pacific Ocean between Santa Barbara California and Kodiak Alaska 9 Ages and growth rates of bamboo coral in the deepest water are unknown However based on radiocarbon based growth rate and age data from specimens in the Gulf of Alaska the life span has been estimated to be between 75 and 126 years 10 Recently a mission funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA discovered seven new species of bamboo coral in the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument a U S national monument lying primarily in deep waters off the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands using the Pisces V Of these seven new species six may represent completely new genera that is major new classification categories Data from these findings are still being analyzed 11 A bamboo coral tree five feet tall was described for the first time by the mission Scientists also found an area of dead coral about 10 000 square feet 930 m2 and more than 2 000 feet 610 m deep The cause of death of the coral community is unknown but it is estimated to have occurred several thousand to perhaps over a million years ago 12 Deep sea bamboo coral provides the ecosystems to support deep sea life and also may be among the first organisms to display the effects of changes in ocean acidification caused by excess carbon dioxide since they produce growth rings similar to those of a tree and can provide a view of changes in the condition in the deep sea over time Some bamboo coral can be especially long lived coral specimens as old as 4 000 years were found at the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument giving scientists a window into the ocean s past One scientist said the coral provided 4 000 years worth of information about what has been going on in the deep ocean interior 4 Deep water coral organisms such as bamboo coral are especially affected by the practice of bottom trawling 9 Other research has raised the possibility that Isididae corals because of their potential to mimic biological properties may potentially be used as living bone implants as well as in aquatic cultivation 7 Genera editThe following genera are currently described in the family Isididae 13 Acanella Gray 1870 Acanthoisis Studer 1887 Annisis Alderslade 1998 Australisis Bayer amp Stefani 1987 Bathygorgia Wright 1885 Caribisis Bayer amp Stefani 1987 Chathamisis Grant 1976 Chelidonisis Studer 1890 Circinisis Grant 1976 Cladarisis Watling 2015 Echinisis Thomson amp Rennet 1932 Eknomisis Watling amp France 2011 Florectisis Alderslade 1998 Gorgonisis Alderslade 1998 Iotisis Alderslade 1998 Isidella Gray 1857 Isis Linnaeus 1758 Jasminisis Alderslade 1998 Jasonisis Alderslade amp McFadden 2012 Keratoisis Wright 1869 Ktenosquamisis Alderslade 1998 Lepidisis Verrill 1883 Lissopholidisis Alderslade 1998 Minuisis Grant 1976 Mopsea Lamouroux 1816 Muricellisis Kukenthal 1915 Myriozotisis Alderslade 1998 Notisis Alderslade 1998 Oparinisis Alderslade 1998 Orstomisis Bayer 1990 Pangolinisis Alderslade 1998 Paracanthoisis Alderslade 1998 Peltastisis Nutting 1910 Plexipomisis Alderslade 1998 Primnoisis Studer amp Wright 1887 Pteronisis Alderslade 1998 Sclerisis Studer 1879 Sphaerokodisis Alderslade 1998 Stenisis Bayer amp Stefani 1987 Tenuisis Bayer amp Stefani 1987 Tethrisis Alderslade 1998 Zignisis Alderslade 1998References edit Isididae research calacademy org Retrieved 2009 05 11 Deep Sea Corals Portal www ull edu Retrieved 2009 07 08 Scott C France 2007 Genetic analysis of bamboo corals PDF Bulletin of Marine Science 81 3 323 333 a b National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration New Deep Sea Coral Discovered on NOAA Supported Mission www noaanews noaa gov Archived from the original on 9 May 2009 Retrieved 2009 05 11 Peter Etnoyer NOAA Ocean Explorer Exploring Alaska a Seamounts www oceanexplorer noaa gov Retrieved 2009 05 11 Isididae GBIF Portal data gbif org Retrieved 2009 05 11 a b c H Ehrlich P Etnoyer S D Litvinov M M Olennikova H Domaschke T Hanke R Born H Meissner H Worch 2006 Biomaterial structure in deep sea bamboo coral Anthozoa Gorgonacea Isididae perspectives for the development of bone implants and templates for tissue engineering Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 37 6 552 557 doi 10 1002 mawe 200600036 S2CID 97972721 New Isidella bamboo coral X Ray International Dive Magazine www xray mag com Archived from the original on 31 March 2009 Retrieved 2009 05 11 a b The Deep Sea Conservation Coalition Press Release www savethehighseas org Archived from the original on 27 April 2009 Retrieved 2009 05 11 E B Roark T P Guilderson S Flood Page R B Dunbar B L Ingram S J Fallon M McCulloch 2005 Radiocarbon based ages and growth rates of bamboo corals from the Gulf of Alaska Geophysical Research Letters 32 4 L04606 Bibcode 2005GeoRL 32 4606R doi 10 1029 2004GL021919 Discovery 7 New Species Of Bamboo Coral Near Hawaii www scientificblogging com 2009 03 05 Archived from the original on 2013 02 01 Retrieved 2009 05 11 New species of bamboo coral identified off Hawaii www samoanewsonline com Archived from the original on 2009 03 26 Retrieved 2009 05 11 L van Ofwegen 2011 Isididae WoRMS World Register of Marine Species Retrieved January 17 2012 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isididae nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Isididae Classification of Family Isididae GBIF Portal data gbif org Discover Life Gorgonacea Isididae www discoverlife org Bamboo coral research Archived 2020 02 20 at the Wayback Machine Research at UC Davis Bodega laboratory Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bamboo coral amp oldid 1185871510, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
