fbpx
Wikipedia

Ballast Water Management Convention

December 15, 2023

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (Ballast Water Management Convention or BWM Convention) is a 2004 international maritime treaty which requires signatory flag states to ensure that ships flagged by them comply with standards and procedures for the management and control of ships' ballast water and sediments.[2] The Convention aims to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms from one region to another and halt damage to the marine environment from ballast water discharge, by minimising the uptake and subsequent discharge of sediments and organisms.[2] From 2024, all ships are required to have approved Ballast Water Management Treatment System, according to the D2 standard (see below). Existing ships are required to install an approved system, which may cost up to 5 million USD per ship to install.[3] To assist with implementation, the IMO has released 14 Guidance documents in regards to the Convention including the G2 Guidelines for Ballast Water Sampling, G4 Guidelines for Ballast Water management and G6 Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange.[4] As of 15 July 2021, 86 countries were contracting States to the BWM Convention (representing 91.12% of the gross tonnage of the global merchant fleet).[1]

Ballast Water Management Convention
BWM Convention
International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments
Signed13 February 2004
LocationLondon, United Kingdom
Effective8 September 2017
ConditionRatifications by at least 30 parties, whose combined merchant fleets' gross tonnage includes at least 35% of the world's
Parties86 (15 July 2021)[1]
DepositaryUN Secretary-General
LanguagesArabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish

Development and entry into force edit

The first scientifically recognised occurrence of a non-indigenous marine species being transported in ships water occurred in the North Sea in 1903, with the Asian phytoplankton Odontella appearing. The issue became more prevalent with the increase in shipping in the late 20th century and the issue was raised for the first time at the IMO in 1988.[5] Following several years of development, the Convention was adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 2004.[2] To enter into force, the Convention required ratification by a minimum of 30 States, representing 35% of world merchant shipping tonnage, subject to which it would enter into force 12 months later.[6] On 8 September 2016, Finland acceded to the Convention, bringing the contracting states to 52 and the combined tonnage of States to 35.14%.[6] This triggered the applicability of the entry into force date of the Convention, which occurred on 8 September 2017.[6][7][8] Since Finland's accession, a number of States have continued to ratify the treaty. By November 2018 there were 78 contracting States, representing 77.19 per cent of world merchant shipping tonnage.[9] By September 2020, 79 countries had joined the Convention.[10]

Requirements of the Convention edit

All international sea going ships under the Convention must implement a ‘Ballast water management plan’ that enables the ship to manage their ballast water and sediment discharge to a certain standard.[7] The plan is designed to meet the requirements for compliance with the Convention and the G4 Guidelines produced by the IMO. It includes standard operational guidance, planning and management, as well as additional details including sampling points and systems.[11] Additionally all ships over 400GT must also carry a ballast water record book that details such requirements as the filling and discharge of each tank, according to time, date, location and the treatment applied to the water.[12]

Ships that comply with the Convention will receive and are duly required to carry an international ballast water management certificate.[13] To receive a certificate, a ship will have to supply the necessary documentation showing compliance with the Convention and a survey will be carried out on-board.[14] A survey may be carried out by a flag State, or by a Classification Society who have been authorised by a flag State.[15] The convention is monitored by Port State Control, who must assess the ballast water management plan and its operation on the ship.[16]

Standards edit

Under the Convention, ships are required, according to a timetable of implementation, to comply with the D1 or D2 standards.[13] The D1 standard requires ships to carry out a ballast water exchange, and specifies the volume of water that must be replaced.[17] This standard involves exchanging the uptaken discharge water from the last port, with new sea water; it must occur at a minimum of 200 nautical miles from shore. The D2 standard is more stringent and requires the use of an approved ballast water treatment system.[18] The system must ensure that only small levels of viable organisms remain left in water after treatment so as to minimise the environmental impact of shipping.[17]

New ships will be required to install and comply with the D2 standard from the 8th September 2017, once the Convention has entered into force.[19] Existing ships, who are subject to the phased implementation schedule, have potentially (depending on the renewal of their ship certificates) until the 8th September 2024, by which time all ships will comply with the D2 standard.[19]

It is also possible for ships to discharge ballast at approved shore reception facilities in ports, as article 5 requires that when cleaning or repair of a ships ballast tanks occurs, ports should have adequate reception facilities for the sediments.[2] Facilities must include safe disposal arrangements, storage and treatment equipment, safe and suitable mooring and emergency arrangements and the necessary reducers for connections to ships.[20]

Some ships may be exempted from complying with the Convention, according to certain conditions and the appropriate permission being given by a flag State.[14] These include ships trading in a limited area, small vessels including sailboats and fishing vessels, vessels only operating on one coast and also FPSOs.[14]

Bibliography edit

  • N. Anwar & Dr. L. Churcher, Ballast Water Management: Understanding the regulations and the treatment technologies available, 7th Edition, Witherby Publishing Group, 2016.

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Status of Conventions". IMO. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d . International Maritime Organization. Archived from the original on July 2, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  3. ^ . Ballast Water Treatment Technology. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  4. ^ Anwar & Churcher, p.175
  5. ^ Anwar & Churcher, p.2
  6. ^ a b c "BWM Convention to enter into force in 2017". Maritime Executive. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  7. ^ a b . International Maritime Organization. Archived from the original on February 17, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  8. ^ "IMO's BWM Convention to Enter Into Force in September 2017". World Maritime News. 8 September 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  9. ^ (PDF). International Maritime Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 12, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  10. ^ "Status of ratifications of the Ballast Water Management Convention" (PDF). United Nations Treaty Collection. United Nations. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  11. ^ Anwar & Churcher, p.123 - 124
  12. ^ (3rd ed.). Witherby Publishing Group. Archived from the original on 2017-10-19. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  13. ^ a b (PDF). Lloyd’s Register. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-07-12. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  14. ^ a b c "BWM CONVENTION – APPLICATION AND REQUIREMENTS" (PDF). DNV GL. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  15. ^ Anwar & Churcher, p.128
  16. ^ Anwar & Churcher, p.141
  17. ^ a b "Ballast Water Management". Britannia P&I club. 13 April 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  18. ^ Gerhard, William; Lundgreen, Kim; Drillet, Guillaume; Baumler, Raphael; Holbech, Henrik; Gunsch, Claudia (2019). "Installation and use of ballast water treatment systems – Implications for compliance and enforcement". Ocean & Coastal Management. 181: 104907. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104907.
  19. ^ a b . Hellenic Shipping News. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  20. ^ Anwar & Churcher, p.167

External links edit

  • Text
  • Official website 2020-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
  • Implementing the Ballast Water Management Convention
  • Status of ratifications

December 15, 2023
ballast, water, management, convention, international, convention, control, management, ships, ballast, water, sediments, convention, 2004, international, maritime, treaty, which, requires, signatory, flag, states, ensure, that, ships, flagged, them, comply, w. The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments Ballast Water Management Convention or BWM Convention is a 2004 international maritime treaty which requires signatory flag states to ensure that ships flagged by them comply with standards and procedures for the management and control of ships ballast water and sediments 2 The Convention aims to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms from one region to another and halt damage to the marine environment from ballast water discharge by minimising the uptake and subsequent discharge of sediments and organisms 2 From 2024 all ships are required to have approved Ballast Water Management Treatment System according to the D2 standard see below Existing ships are required to install an approved system which may cost up to 5 million USD per ship to install 3 To assist with implementation the IMO has released 14 Guidance documents in regards to the Convention including the G2 Guidelines for Ballast Water Sampling G4 Guidelines for Ballast Water management and G6 Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange 4 As of 15 July 2021 86 countries were contracting States to the BWM Convention representing 91 12 of the gross tonnage of the global merchant fleet 1 Ballast Water Management ConventionBWM ConventionInternational Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments Signed and ratified Acceded or succeeded Not participatingSigned13 February 2004LocationLondon United KingdomEffective8 September 2017ConditionRatifications by at least 30 parties whose combined merchant fleets gross tonnage includes at least 35 of the world sParties86 15 July 2021 1 DepositaryUN Secretary GeneralLanguagesArabic Chinese English French Russian and Spanish Contents 1 Development and entry into force 2 Requirements of the Convention 2 1 Standards 3 Bibliography 4 References 5 External linksDevelopment and entry into force editThe first scientifically recognised occurrence of a non indigenous marine species being transported in ships water occurred in the North Sea in 1903 with the Asian phytoplankton Odontella appearing The issue became more prevalent with the increase in shipping in the late 20th century and the issue was raised for the first time at the IMO in 1988 5 Following several years of development the Convention was adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 2004 2 To enter into force the Convention required ratification by a minimum of 30 States representing 35 of world merchant shipping tonnage subject to which it would enter into force 12 months later 6 On 8 September 2016 Finland acceded to the Convention bringing the contracting states to 52 and the combined tonnage of States to 35 14 6 This triggered the applicability of the entry into force date of the Convention which occurred on 8 September 2017 6 7 8 Since Finland s accession a number of States have continued to ratify the treaty By November 2018 there were 78 contracting States representing 77 19 per cent of world merchant shipping tonnage 9 By September 2020 79 countries had joined the Convention 10 Requirements of the Convention editAll international sea going ships under the Convention must implement a Ballast water management plan that enables the ship to manage their ballast water and sediment discharge to a certain standard 7 The plan is designed to meet the requirements for compliance with the Convention and the G4 Guidelines produced by the IMO It includes standard operational guidance planning and management as well as additional details including sampling points and systems 11 Additionally all ships over 400GT must also carry a ballast water record book that details such requirements as the filling and discharge of each tank according to time date location and the treatment applied to the water 12 Ships that comply with the Convention will receive and are duly required to carry an international ballast water management certificate 13 To receive a certificate a ship will have to supply the necessary documentation showing compliance with the Convention and a survey will be carried out on board 14 A survey may be carried out by a flag State or by a Classification Society who have been authorised by a flag State 15 The convention is monitored by Port State Control who must assess the ballast water management plan and its operation on the ship 16 Standards edit Under the Convention ships are required according to a timetable of implementation to comply with the D1 or D2 standards 13 The D1 standard requires ships to carry out a ballast water exchange and specifies the volume of water that must be replaced 17 This standard involves exchanging the uptaken discharge water from the last port with new sea water it must occur at a minimum of 200 nautical miles from shore The D2 standard is more stringent and requires the use of an approved ballast water treatment system 18 The system must ensure that only small levels of viable organisms remain left in water after treatment so as to minimise the environmental impact of shipping 17 New ships will be required to install and comply with the D2 standard from the 8th September 2017 once the Convention has entered into force 19 Existing ships who are subject to the phased implementation schedule have potentially depending on the renewal of their ship certificates until the 8th September 2024 by which time all ships will comply with the D2 standard 19 It is also possible for ships to discharge ballast at approved shore reception facilities in ports as article 5 requires that when cleaning or repair of a ships ballast tanks occurs ports should have adequate reception facilities for the sediments 2 Facilities must include safe disposal arrangements storage and treatment equipment safe and suitable mooring and emergency arrangements and the necessary reducers for connections to ships 20 Some ships may be exempted from complying with the Convention according to certain conditions and the appropriate permission being given by a flag State 14 These include ships trading in a limited area small vessels including sailboats and fishing vessels vessels only operating on one coast and also FPSOs 14 Bibliography editN Anwar amp Dr L Churcher Ballast Water Management Understanding the regulations and the treatment technologies available 7th Edition Witherby Publishing Group 2016 References edit a b Status of Conventions IMO Retrieved 29 July 2021 a b c d BWM Convention International Maritime Organization Archived from the original on July 2 2017 Retrieved July 7 2017 BWM Convention counting the cost Ballast Water Treatment Technology Archived from the original on July 16 2017 Retrieved July 7 2017 Anwar amp Churcher p 175 Anwar amp Churcher p 2 a b c BWM Convention to enter into force in 2017 Maritime Executive Retrieved July 7 2017 a b Ballast water management the control of harmful invasive species International Maritime Organization Archived from the original on February 17 2019 Retrieved July 7 2017 IMO s BWM Convention to Enter Into Force in September 2017 World Maritime News 8 September 2016 Retrieved July 7 2017 Status of Treaties PDF International Maritime Organization Archived from the original PDF on July 12 2017 Retrieved July 7 2017 Status of ratifications of the Ballast Water Management Convention PDF United Nations Treaty Collection United Nations Retrieved 22 September 2020 Anwar amp Churcher p 123 124 Ballast Water Record Book 3rd ed Witherby Publishing Group Archived from the original on 2017 10 19 Retrieved July 7 2017 a b Understanding ballast water management PDF Lloyd s Register Archived from the original PDF on 2017 07 12 Retrieved July 7 2017 a b c BWM CONVENTION APPLICATION AND REQUIREMENTS PDF DNV GL Retrieved July 7 2017 Anwar amp Churcher p 128 Anwar amp Churcher p 141 a b Ballast Water Management Britannia P amp I club 13 April 2017 Retrieved July 7 2017 Gerhard William Lundgreen Kim Drillet Guillaume Baumler Raphael Holbech Henrik Gunsch Claudia 2019 Installation and use of ballast water treatment systems Implications for compliance and enforcement Ocean amp Coastal Management 181 104907 doi 10 1016 j ocecoaman 2019 104907 a b MEPC 71 Brief Ballast Water Management Implementation Scheme Agreed in Principle Hellenic Shipping News Archived from the original on July 9 2017 Retrieved July 7 2017 Anwar amp Churcher p 167External links editText Official website Archived 2020 10 07 at the Wayback Machine Implementing the Ballast Water Management Convention Status of ratifications Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ballast Water Management Convention amp oldid 1176745477, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.