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Bābu-aḫa-iddina

January 01, 1970

Bābu-aḫa-iddina has been variously described as a chancellor,[nb 1] sukkalmahhu, high-ranking official, and chief steward of the royal storehouse under three successive Assyrian kings, during the last five years of Adad-nārārī I (1305–1274 BC), the whole reign of Šulmanu-ašaredu I (1273–1244 BC) and the first five years of Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243–1207 BC).

Biography edit

A son of Ibašši-ili and grandson of Nabu-le'i,[1] he celebrated his eponym year towards the end of Adad-nārārī’s reign as attested in a single text[i 1] relating the activities of Assur-kasid son of Sin-apla-eris at Billa. His sons, Putanu and Ina-pî-Aššur-lišlim, were to have their eponym years during the early to mid period of the reign of Šulmanu-ašaredu or perhaps early in that of Tukulti-Ninurta, in Ina-pî-Aššur-lišlim’s case.[2] His female relatives included Marat-ili and Mushallimat-Ishtar. Perhaps the earliest appearance of his name comes tentatively restored on a tablet[i 2] thought to be a copy of a treaty between Adad-nārārī and the Kassite king of Babylon, Kadašman-Turgu.[3]

Archive 14410 edit

A cache of his correspondence, known as archive 14410,[nb 2] consisting of 49 tablets and fragments covering the period 1253 to 1217 BC[nb 3] was found in September 1908 during excavations in Aššur, the ancient capital of Assyria, in the archeological layer immediately above the east end of a tomb (14630), around fifty meters southwest of the west corner of the Nabû temple and twenty meters northeast of a monumental building associated by Weidner with Bābu-aḫa-iddina.[4] It included records of international trade in raw materials, including ivory and a shipment of textiles to the Levant. 15 eponyms occur in this archive covering a period of over 35 years.

Amongst the letters are found a group of tablets,[i 3] which he sent to the staff of his own household in Assur as he was presumably away on business. His correspondence with his subordinates includes instructions to protect wool and other textiles stored in sealed chests from the ravages of moths. His letter[i 4] dated to the eponym of Ittabsiden-Assur, was one of two instructions addressed to the sa muhhi biti, or majordomo, Assur-zuquppanni, ordering him to air them. A third administrative text describes the outcome, the discovery of moth eaten (lapittu, "attacked") clothing, its separation and a fourth[i 5] assigned to this correspondence instructs them to have an artisan patch them.[5]

The length of the archive is confirmed by a letter referring to an eponym Abi-ilu and a prince Tukulti-Ninurta. Assur-damiq, son of Abi-ilu, is referred to on an Assur stela. He was an eponym under Šulmanu-ašaredu. A letter[i 6] to the governor of Amasaki, a city in Ḫābūr region,[6] in the month of Kazullu, the eponym year of Ištar-eris, son of Sulmanu-qarrad, commands him to provide “income of the temple” in donkey loads of cereal, ”according to the small sutu-measure.” A tablet[i 7] records garments manufactured over two preceding years, the eponym years of Ištar-eris and that of Assur-da’issunu, which "are given to Siqi-ilani for the caravan-trade to the country Kinahhi (Canaan)” in the eponym year of Usat-marduk.

Hittite correspondence edit

In Ḫattuša, near modern Boğazkale, drafts of letters[i 8] have been found that may have been written by the Hittite king Ḫattušili III or possibly his son Tudhaliya IV to Bābu-aḫa-iddina. Written to mark the accession of Tukulti-Ninurta to the Assyrian throne, it includes a warning of the hazards of a projected Assyrian expedition into the land of Papanḫi, whose "mountains are impassable.” The Hittite king recommended, “Because his father died, and he has just seated himself upon the throne of his father, the campaign on which he goes for the first time should be one on which he enjoys a three- or fourfold numerical superiority.” [7] This was exactly the same advice that Ḫattušili gave to the young Babylonian king, Kadašman-Enlil II, which was perhaps a ploy to embroil Babylon in a war with Assyria.

A still-sealed burial chamber, number 45, contained the richest of more than a thousand private middle Assyrian burials.[8] It was associated with a large house uncovered during excavations in 1908 in Aššur and consisted of a shaft leading to an 8 foot by 5 foot chamber containing the remains of nine adults and a child. Most skeletal remains were heaped against a wall or in an urn, making space for the two most recent arrivals who were thought at the time to be a male and female by contemporary archeologists. The male may well have been Bābu-aḫa-iddina himself as his archive was found nearby. Unfortunately the bones were discarded after excavation preventing further analysis and doubts have subsequently been raised as to whether there was a male at all, based on the grave goods[9] which included gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian and banded agate jewelry, elaborately carved ivory combs, pins and vessels and pottery articles comprising a pyxis with a lid and a cosmetic dish.[10]

Inscriptions edit

  1. ^ Bi 37.
  2. ^ VAT 15420 line 19.
  3. ^ A. 307; A. 778; A. 1438 + 1559; A. 1514; A. 1577; A. 1587; A. 1598; A. 1720.
  4. ^ KAV 99, DeZ 3434+.
  5. ^ KAV 195 KAV 203.
  6. ^ Tablet VAT 18003, Ass. 16308 I, published as MARV 39, VS 19: no. 39.
  7. ^ AfO 19 T7.1.
  8. ^ Tablets Bo 2151, Bo 3089 and Bo 718, published as KUB 23:103.

Notes edit

  1. ^ By Weidner and others quoting him.
  2. ^ Pedersén’s archive M11.
  3. ^ According to the chronological scheme which gives Tukulti-Ninurta's accession year as 1243 BC; if using 1233 BC, adjust by ten years.

References edit

  1. ^ Helmut Freydank (1974). "Zu den Siegeln des Bābu-aḫa-iddina". Staatliche Museen zu Berlin -- Preußischer Kulturbesitz. 16: 7–T1. doi:10.2307/3880740. JSTOR 3880740.
  2. ^ Wolfgang Röllig (2004). "Eponymen in den mittelassyrischen Dokumenten aus Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad/Dūr-Katlimmu" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Assyriologie. 94: 48. doi:10.1515/zava.94.1.18.
  3. ^ A. K. Grayson (1972). Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, Volume 1. Otto Harrassowitz. p. 78. §515.
  4. ^ J. A. Brinkman, Veysel Donbaz (1985). "Two Middle Assyrian Texts from Assur". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. 75 (1): 100–123. doi:10.1515/zava.1985.75.1.78.
  5. ^ Cécile Michel (Jul–Sep 1998). "Les Mites d'Assyrie Moths in the Assyrian Texts of the Second Millennium B. C.". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 118 (3): 325–331. doi:10.2307/606061. JSTOR 606061.
  6. ^ J. N. Postgate (1999). Dietz Otto Edzard (ed.). Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ha-A-A - Hystaspes. Vol. 4. Walter De Gruyter. p. 28.
  7. ^ Harry A. Hoffner Jr. (2009). Letters from the Hittite Kingdom. Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 324–327.
  8. ^ Marian H. Feldman (Aug 2006). "Assur Tomb 45 and the Birth of the Assyrian Empire". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (343): 21–43. JSTOR 25066963.
  9. ^ Sharon L. James, Sheila Dillon (2012). A Companion to Women in the Ancient World. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 16–19.
  10. ^ Peter Roger, Stuart Moorey (1999). Ancient mesopotamian materials and industries: the archaeological evidence. Eisenbrauns. p. 122.

January 01, 1970
bābu, aḫa, iddina, been, variously, described, chancellor, sukkalmahhu, high, ranking, official, chief, steward, royal, storehouse, under, three, successive, assyrian, kings, during, last, five, years, adad, nārārī, 1305, 1274, whole, reign, Šulmanu, ašaredu, . Babu aḫa iddina has been variously described as a chancellor nb 1 sukkalmahhu high ranking official and chief steward of the royal storehouse under three successive Assyrian kings during the last five years of Adad narari I 1305 1274 BC the whole reign of Sulmanu asaredu I 1273 1244 BC and the first five years of Tukulti Ninurta I 1243 1207 BC Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Archive 14410 1 2 Hittite correspondence 2 Inscriptions 3 Notes 4 ReferencesBiography editA son of Ibassi ili and grandson of Nabu le i 1 he celebrated his eponym year towards the end of Adad narari s reign as attested in a single text i 1 relating the activities of Assur kasid son of Sin apla eris at Billa His sons Putanu and Ina pi Assur lislim were to have their eponym years during the early to mid period of the reign of Sulmanu asaredu or perhaps early in that of Tukulti Ninurta in Ina pi Assur lislim s case 2 His female relatives included Marat ili and Mushallimat Ishtar Perhaps the earliest appearance of his name comes tentatively restored on a tablet i 2 thought to be a copy of a treaty between Adad narari and the Kassite king of Babylon Kadasman Turgu 3 Archive 14410 edit A cache of his correspondence known as archive 14410 nb 2 consisting of 49 tablets and fragments covering the period 1253 to 1217 BC nb 3 was found in September 1908 during excavations in Assur the ancient capital of Assyria in the archeological layer immediately above the east end of a tomb 14630 around fifty meters southwest of the west corner of the Nabu temple and twenty meters northeast of a monumental building associated by Weidner with Babu aḫa iddina 4 It included records of international trade in raw materials including ivory and a shipment of textiles to the Levant 15 eponyms occur in this archive covering a period of over 35 years Amongst the letters are found a group of tablets i 3 which he sent to the staff of his own household in Assur as he was presumably away on business His correspondence with his subordinates includes instructions to protect wool and other textiles stored in sealed chests from the ravages of moths His letter i 4 dated to the eponym of Ittabsiden Assur was one of two instructions addressed to the sa muhhi biti or majordomo Assur zuquppanni ordering him to air them A third administrative text describes the outcome the discovery of moth eaten lapittu attacked clothing its separation and a fourth i 5 assigned to this correspondence instructs them to have an artisan patch them 5 The length of the archive is confirmed by a letter referring to an eponym Abi ilu and a prince Tukulti Ninurta Assur damiq son of Abi ilu is referred to on an Assur stela He was an eponym under Sulmanu asaredu A letter i 6 to the governor of Amasaki a city in Ḫabur region 6 in the month of Kazullu the eponym year of Istar eris son of Sulmanu qarrad commands him to provide income of the temple in donkey loads of cereal according to the small sutu measure A tablet i 7 records garments manufactured over two preceding years the eponym years of Istar eris and that of Assur da issunu which are given to Siqi ilani for the caravan trade to the country Kinahhi Canaan in the eponym year of Usat marduk Hittite correspondence edit In Ḫattusa near modern Bogazkale drafts of letters i 8 have been found that may have been written by the Hittite king Ḫattusili III or possibly his son Tudhaliya IV to Babu aḫa iddina Written to mark the accession of Tukulti Ninurta to the Assyrian throne it includes a warning of the hazards of a projected Assyrian expedition into the land of Papanḫi whose mountains are impassable The Hittite king recommended Because his father died and he has just seated himself upon the throne of his father the campaign on which he goes for the first time should be one on which he enjoys a three or fourfold numerical superiority 7 This was exactly the same advice that Ḫattusili gave to the young Babylonian king Kadasman Enlil II which was perhaps a ploy to embroil Babylon in a war with Assyria A still sealed burial chamber number 45 contained the richest of more than a thousand private middle Assyrian burials 8 It was associated with a large house uncovered during excavations in 1908 in Assur and consisted of a shaft leading to an 8 foot by 5 foot chamber containing the remains of nine adults and a child Most skeletal remains were heaped against a wall or in an urn making space for the two most recent arrivals who were thought at the time to be a male and female by contemporary archeologists The male may well have been Babu aḫa iddina himself as his archive was found nearby Unfortunately the bones were discarded after excavation preventing further analysis and doubts have subsequently been raised as to whether there was a male at all based on the grave goods 9 which included gold lapis lazuli carnelian and banded agate jewelry elaborately carved ivory combs pins and vessels and pottery articles comprising a pyxis with a lid and a cosmetic dish 10 Inscriptions edit Bi 37 VAT 15420 line 19 A 307 A 778 A 1438 1559 A 1514 A 1577 A 1587 A 1598 A 1720 KAV 99 DeZ 3434 KAV 195 KAV 203 Tablet VAT 18003 Ass 16308 I published as MARV 39 VS 19 no 39 AfO 19 T7 1 Tablets Bo 2151 Bo 3089 and Bo 718 published as KUB 23 103 Notes edit By Weidner and others quoting him Pedersen s archive M11 According to the chronological scheme which gives Tukulti Ninurta s accession year as 1243 BC if using 1233 BC adjust by ten years References edit Helmut Freydank 1974 Zu den Siegeln des Babu aḫa iddina Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Preussischer Kulturbesitz 16 7 T1 doi 10 2307 3880740 JSTOR 3880740 Wolfgang Rollig 2004 Eponymen in den mittelassyrischen Dokumenten aus Tall Seḫ Ḥamad Dur Katlimmu PDF Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie 94 48 doi 10 1515 zava 94 1 18 A K Grayson 1972 Assyrian Royal Inscriptions Volume 1 Otto Harrassowitz p 78 515 J A Brinkman Veysel Donbaz 1985 Two Middle Assyrian Texts from Assur Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archaologie 75 1 100 123 doi 10 1515 zava 1985 75 1 78 Cecile Michel Jul Sep 1998 Les Mites d Assyrie Moths in the Assyrian Texts of the Second Millennium B C Journal of the American Oriental Society 118 3 325 331 doi 10 2307 606061 JSTOR 606061 J N Postgate 1999 Dietz Otto Edzard ed Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archaologie Ha A A Hystaspes Vol 4 Walter De Gruyter p 28 Harry A Hoffner Jr 2009 Letters from the Hittite Kingdom Society of Biblical Literature pp 324 327 Marian H Feldman Aug 2006 Assur Tomb 45 and the Birth of the Assyrian Empire Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 343 21 43 JSTOR 25066963 Sharon L James Sheila Dillon 2012 A Companion to Women in the Ancient World Wiley Blackwell pp 16 19 Peter Roger Stuart Moorey 1999 Ancient mesopotamian materials and industries the archaeological evidence Eisenbrauns p 122 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Babu aḫa iddina amp oldid 1080901892, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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