fbpx
Wikipedia

BŻ-1 GIL

The BŻ-1 GIL was the first Polish experimental helicopter, constructed in 1950. Developed by the Main Aviation Institute (Warsaw), the only constructed GIL saw service until 1960 when it was irreparably damaged and subsequently decommissioned. The prototype aircraft currently resides at the Polish Aviation Museum.

BŻ-1 "GIL"
BŻ-1 Gil at the Polish Aviation Museum
Role Helicopter
Manufacturer Główny Instytut Lotnictwa
First flight 4 April 1950
Retired 1960
Status Experimental
Primary user Poland
Number built 1

Design and development edit

The helicopter was designed at the research institute Główny Instytut Lotnictwa - Main Aviation Institute in Warsaw, from an initiative of Zbigniew Brzoska. It was a difficult task, because Polish aviation industry was entirely destroyed during World War II. In addition, the institute principal Władysław Fiszdon was the only person in a team, who had ever seen a helicopter (Sikorsky R-4 in England).[1]

Despite severe material shortages, work on experimental design started in 1948, and the main designer became Bronisław Żurakowski (brother of test pilot Janusz Żurakowski), who designed a rotor and control system. It used simpler Hiller rotor type, with two auxiliary blades.[1] A fuselage structure, tail boom, auxiliary rotor and tricycle undercarriage were designed by Tadeusz Chyliński. A power unit and final drive were designed by Zbigniew Brzoska. The design utilized some components left by the Germans, like a piston engine Hirth HM 504 (re-configured for vertical use), rear gear from a Zündapp motorcycle and wheels from a DFS Kranich glider's jettisonable landing gear.[2]

Initially, the helicopter had no name. It only received the registration letters SP-GIL, from the institute abbreviation, and hence it soon became known as GIL or Gil (gil means a bullfinch in Polish). Later it was also given the designation BŻ-1, from Żurakowski's initials.[1]

Operational history edit

 
BŻ-1 GIL

The helicopter was completed by the end of 1949. During the first flight trial on 14 January 1950, it was overturned by a wind gust and had to be repaired.[1] The test pilot was Bronisław Żurakowski, who taught himself to fly a helicopter. The helicopter first flew on 4 April 1950, restrained on tethers by two men (Fiszdon and Chyliński) for a measure of safety.[1]

During 1950–1953, it underwent a test program and was often modified. At first it had elastic rotor blades. In 1950, it was fitted with rigid blades and an efficient simple custom-designed resonant vibration eliminator, similar to later Sikorsky designs.[3] During tests, it crashed or was damaged without casualties at least seven times, for different reasons, and was repaired each time.[1]

On 20 July 1952, the BŻ-1 GIL was first displayed to the public, during an air show at Okęcie airfield (it was the first public presentation of a helicopter in Poland and one of first presentations in the Eastern Bloc).[1] On 16 November 1953, the helicopter was damaged when the main rotor was bent by the wind and cut off the tail boom, thus ending the test program. By then, the prototype had completed 169 flights, in 20 hours 21 minutes in total.[1]

In 1956, the helicopter was repaired and used for training flights. On 28 June 1957 a tail rotor gear (originally from a motorcycle) broke and it could not be replaced, consequently, the helicopter never flew again, being written off on 28 October 1960. During 1956–1957 it had completed 185 flights, for a total of 12.5 hours.[3]

Currently, the sole BŻ-1 GIL is preserved in the Polish Aviation Museum in Kraków.[4]

Specifications edit

Data from Lotnictwo : Powrót GILa i jego dalsze losy[3]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 8.5 m (27 ft 11 in)
  • Height: 3 m (9 ft 10 in)
  • Empty weight: 510 kg (1,124 lb)
  • Gross weight: 610 kg (1,345 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Hirth HM 504 4-cylinder air-cooled in-line piston engine, 78 kW (105 hp) vertically mounted
  • Main rotor diameter: 8.8 m (28 ft 10 in)
  • Main rotor area: 60.8 m2 (654 sq ft)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 140 km/h (87 mph, 76 kn)
  • Service ceiling: 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 4.5 m/s (890 ft/min)

See also edit

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References edit

Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Glass 2005, pp. 44–45.
  2. ^ Żurakowski 2005, pp.45–49.
  3. ^ a b c Witkowski 2005, pp. 49–51.
  4. ^ "Polish Aviation Museum Cracow:Helicopter: SP-GIL". from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-06-25.backup:
Bibliography
  • Glass, Andrzej. "Śmigłowiec BŻ-1 GIL" (in Polish). Lotnictwo, 2(47)/2005. ISSN 1732-5323.
  • Green, William and Gerald Pollinger. The Observer's Book of Aircraft, 1958 edition. London: Fredrick Warne & Co. Ltd., 1958.
  • Lambermont, Paul. Helicopters and Autogyros of the World. London: Cassell, 1958.
  • Witkowski, Ryszard. "Powrót GILa i jego dalsze losy"(in Polish). Lotnictwo, 2(47)/2005. ISSN 1732-5323.
  • Żurakowski, Bronisław. "SP-GIL - wspomnienia konstruktora" (in Polish). Lotnictwo, 2(47)/2005. ISSN 1732-5323.

External links edit

  • BŻ-1 Gil

first, polish, experimental, helicopter, constructed, 1950, developed, main, aviation, institute, warsaw, only, constructed, service, until, 1960, when, irreparably, damaged, subsequently, decommissioned, prototype, aircraft, currently, resides, polish, aviati. The BZ 1 GIL was the first Polish experimental helicopter constructed in 1950 Developed by the Main Aviation Institute Warsaw the only constructed GIL saw service until 1960 when it was irreparably damaged and subsequently decommissioned The prototype aircraft currently resides at the Polish Aviation Museum BZ 1 GIL BZ 1 Gil at the Polish Aviation Museum Role Helicopter Manufacturer Glowny Instytut Lotnictwa First flight 4 April 1950 Retired 1960 Status Experimental Primary user Poland Number built 1 Contents 1 Design and development 2 Operational history 3 Specifications 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDesign and development editThe helicopter was designed at the research institute Glowny Instytut Lotnictwa Main Aviation Institute in Warsaw from an initiative of Zbigniew Brzoska It was a difficult task because Polish aviation industry was entirely destroyed during World War II In addition the institute principal Wladyslaw Fiszdon was the only person in a team who had ever seen a helicopter Sikorsky R 4 in England 1 Despite severe material shortages work on experimental design started in 1948 and the main designer became Bronislaw Zurakowski brother of test pilot Janusz Zurakowski who designed a rotor and control system It used simpler Hiller rotor type with two auxiliary blades 1 A fuselage structure tail boom auxiliary rotor and tricycle undercarriage were designed by Tadeusz Chylinski A power unit and final drive were designed by Zbigniew Brzoska The design utilized some components left by the Germans like a piston engine Hirth HM 504 re configured for vertical use rear gear from a Zundapp motorcycle and wheels from a DFS Kranich glider s jettisonable landing gear 2 Initially the helicopter had no name It only received the registration letters SP GIL from the institute abbreviation and hence it soon became known as GIL or Gil gil means a bullfinch in Polish Later it was also given the designation BZ 1 from Zurakowski s initials 1 Operational history edit nbsp BZ 1 GIL The helicopter was completed by the end of 1949 During the first flight trial on 14 January 1950 it was overturned by a wind gust and had to be repaired 1 The test pilot was Bronislaw Zurakowski who taught himself to fly a helicopter The helicopter first flew on 4 April 1950 restrained on tethers by two men Fiszdon and Chylinski for a measure of safety 1 During 1950 1953 it underwent a test program and was often modified At first it had elastic rotor blades In 1950 it was fitted with rigid blades and an efficient simple custom designed resonant vibration eliminator similar to later Sikorsky designs 3 During tests it crashed or was damaged without casualties at least seven times for different reasons and was repaired each time 1 On 20 July 1952 the BZ 1 GIL was first displayed to the public during an air show at Okecie airfield it was the first public presentation of a helicopter in Poland and one of first presentations in the Eastern Bloc 1 On 16 November 1953 the helicopter was damaged when the main rotor was bent by the wind and cut off the tail boom thus ending the test program By then the prototype had completed 169 flights in 20 hours 21 minutes in total 1 In 1956 the helicopter was repaired and used for training flights On 28 June 1957 a tail rotor gear originally from a motorcycle broke and it could not be replaced consequently the helicopter never flew again being written off on 28 October 1960 During 1956 1957 it had completed 185 flights for a total of 12 5 hours 3 Currently the sole BZ 1 GIL is preserved in the Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow 4 Specifications editData from Lotnictwo Powrot GILa i jego dalsze losy 3 General characteristicsCrew 1 Length 8 5 m 27 ft 11 in Height 3 m 9 ft 10 in Empty weight 510 kg 1 124 lb Gross weight 610 kg 1 345 lb Powerplant 1 Hirth HM 504 4 cylinder air cooled in line piston engine 78 kW 105 hp vertically mounted Main rotor diameter 8 8 m 28 ft 10 in Main rotor area 60 8 m2 654 sq ft Performance Maximum speed 140 km h 87 mph 76 kn Service ceiling 2 000 m 6 600 ft Rate of climb 4 5 m s 890 ft min See also editRelated development BZ 4 Zuk Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era Aero XE II Gazda Helicospeeder Vought Sikorsky 300References editNotes a b c d e f g h Glass 2005 pp 44 45 Zurakowski 2005 pp 45 49 a b c Witkowski 2005 pp 49 51 Polish Aviation Museum Cracow Helicopter SP GIL Archived from the original on 2011 07 24 Retrieved 2010 06 25 backup Bibliography Glass Andrzej Smiglowiec BZ 1 GIL in Polish Lotnictwo 2 47 2005 ISSN 1732 5323 Green William and Gerald Pollinger The Observer s Book of Aircraft 1958 edition London Fredrick Warne amp Co Ltd 1958 Lambermont Paul Helicopters and Autogyros of the World London Cassell 1958 Witkowski Ryszard Powrot GILa i jego dalsze losy in Polish Lotnictwo 2 47 2005 ISSN 1732 5323 Zurakowski Bronislaw SP GIL wspomnienia konstruktora in Polish Lotnictwo 2 47 2005 ISSN 1732 5323 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to BZ 1 GIL BZ 1 Gil Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title BZ 1 GIL amp oldid 1094162428, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.