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Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553 was an Argentinian domestic scheduled Posadas–Buenos Aires service operated with a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 that crashed on the lands of Estancia Magallanes, Nuevo Berlín, 32 kilometres (20 mi; 17 nmi) away from Fray Bentos, Uruguay, on 10 October 1997.[1][2][3] All 74 passengers and crew died upon impact.[1][4][5] The accident remains the deadliest in Uruguayan history.[1]
Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553
LV-WEG, the aircraft involved in the accident seen in 1995.
The aircraft involved in the accident was a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, registration LV-WEG.[1][2][6] It had its maiden flight in 1969,[1] and was 28 years old at the time of the accident. It had previously operated for Iberia with registration EC-BQT, and it was transferred to the airline in 1993 after the buyout of the company by the Spanish carrier.[7][8][9]
The captain was 40-year-old Jorge Cécere, who had been with the airline since 1989 and logged 9,238 hours, including 223 hours on the DC-9. The first officer was Horacio Núñez, who was also 40. He had been with the airline since 1993 and had 2,910 flight hours. He was more experienced on the DC-9 than captain Cécere, with 1,384 hours on that aircraft.[5][10]: 8, 11–13 [11]
The aircraft, which left from Posadas and was due to land in Aeroparque Jorge Newbery, Buenos Aires,[6] was forced to divert towards Fray Bentos to avoid a storm. Examination of the aircraft's flight data recorder (FDR) revealed that shortly after the diversion occurred, the aircraft airspeed indicator began to fall to an alarmingly low indicated airspeed. Unknown to the pilots, this was caused not directly, by a loss of power, but by ice formed inside the pitot tube, which reads the airspeed for the indicator by measuring the pressure of inflow air. The ice obstructing the pitot tube reduced the air inflow, thus giving an erroneously low indicated airspeed.
In response to what they interpreted as a loss of engine power, the pilots gradually increased power from the engines in order to maintain airspeed; seeing no improvement, they contacted the control tower in Ezeiza Airport and requested clearance to descend to a lower altitude. After receiving no response, the Captain decided to descend to a lower altitude to increase speed even with no clearance received from the Air Traffic Control. While descending from their assigned altitude of 35,000 feet (11,000 m) and reaching 31,700 feet (9,700 m), the Captain identified the faulty airspeed indication and ordered the First Officer to stop descending and to reduce speed, because the readings were unreliable. However, the First Officer disregarded the Captain's commands and deployed the wings' slats to maintain their altitude and lower the plane's stall speed. Consequently, at this point the airplane was actually flying at a higher speed than normal; it was descending, which further increased airspeed to a point dangerously near to VNE, the "never exceed speed", above which structural damage to the aircraft might occur.
With the slats extended at a speed beyond their operational limits, one of them was torn from the aircraft, causing catastrophic asymmetry in the airflow over the wings. The aircraft immediately became uncontrollable and crashed.
According to an investigation by both the Argentine and Uruguayan Air Forces, the pitot tube—the primary instrument for measuring aircraft airspeeds—froze when the aircraft passed through a 15,000-metre (49,000 ft) high cumulonimbus cloud,[1] blocking the instrument and causing it to give a false reading.[citation needed] Compounding this problem was the absence of the alarm designed to report such a malfunction (raising serious questions about inspection irregularities by the Argentine Air Force).
During the descent, the FDR recorded an increase in the airspeed from 300 km/h (160 kn; 190 mph) to 800 km/h (430 kn; 500 mph) in three seconds, which could only signify the sudden unfreezing of the pitot tube. Specialists estimated that the aircraft crashed almost perpendicularly to the ground,[6] at a speed of 1,200 km/h (650 kn). Depending upon the source, the crater left by the crash was 6 metres (20 ft) deep and 30 metres (98 ft) wide,[3] 25 feet (7.6 m) deep and 30 feet (9.1 m) wide,[12] or 25 feet (7.6 m) deep and 80 feet (24 m) wide.[1]
^ abSolans, Roberto (12 October 1997). "Catástrofe aérea: hubo 73 muertos" [Air disaster: 73 dead]. La Nación (in Spanish). from the original on 15 March 2014.
^ ab"Imágenes del espanto en Nuevo Berlín" [Scary pictures at Nuevo Berlín]. La Nación (in Spanish). 12 October 1997. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016.
^"Timeline: Worst air accidents in Argentina". Buenos Aires Herald. 19 May 2011. from the original on 15 March 2014.
^ ab"El piloto no debió entrar en la tormenta" [The pilot should not have entered the storm]. La Nación (in Spanish). 13 October 1997. from the original on 10 October 2021.
^ abc"Storm may be to blame for Austral DC-9 crash". Flight International: 11. 22–28 October 1997. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
^"LV-WEG Austral Líneas Aéreas McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 – cn 47446 / 561". Retrieved 17 January 2017.
^"Aircraft Data LV-WEG, 1969 Douglas DC-9-32 C/N 47446". Retrieved 17 January 2017.
^ [FINAL REPORT ON AVIATION ACCIDENT McDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-9-32 AUSTRAL, LINEAS AEREAS CIELOS DEL SUR S.A. LV-WEG NEW BERLIN - R.O.U. - OCTOBER 10, 1997] (PDF) (in Spanish). National Civil Aviation and Aviation Infrastructure Direction. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
^"Austral: Peritos advirtieron que uso correcto del piloto automático hubiese podido evitar el accidente" [Austral: Experts warned that correct use of the autopilot could have prevented the accident]. El Territorio Misiones (in Spanish). 19 June 2019. from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
^"75 Die in Crash of Argentine Plane in Uruguay". The New York Times. 12 October 1997. Archived from the original on 9 September 2016.
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish November 2020 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Vuelo 2553 de Austral Lineas Aereas see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Vuelo 2553 de Austral Lineas Aereas to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Austral Lineas Aereas Flight 2553 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Austral Lineas Aereas Flight 2553 was an Argentinian domestic scheduled Posadas Buenos Aires service operated with a McDonnell Douglas DC 9 32 that crashed on the lands of Estancia Magallanes Nuevo Berlin 32 kilometres 20 mi 17 nmi away from Fray Bentos Uruguay on 10 October 1997 1 2 3 All 74 passengers and crew died upon impact 1 4 5 The accident remains the deadliest in Uruguayan history 1 Austral Lineas Aereas Flight 2553LV WEG the aircraft involved in the accident seen in 1995 AccidentDate10 October 1997SummaryInstrument malfunction pilot errorSiteNuevo Berlin Uruguay 33 01 18 5 S 57 49 20 7 W 33 021806 S 57 822417 W 33 021806 57 822417 Coordinates 33 01 18 5 S 57 49 20 7 W 33 021806 S 57 822417 W 33 021806 57 822417AircraftAircraft typeMcDonnell Douglas DC 9 32OperatorAustral Lineas AereasIATA flight No AU2553Call signAUSTRAL 2553RegistrationLV WEGFlight originLibertador General Jose de San Martin Airport Posadas ArgentinaDestinationAeroparque Jorge Newbery Buenos Aires ArgentinaOccupants74Passengers69Crew5Fatalities74Survivors0 Contents 1 Aircraft and crew 2 Accident 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksAircraft and crew EditThe aircraft involved in the accident was a McDonnell Douglas DC 9 32 registration LV WEG 1 2 6 It had its maiden flight in 1969 1 and was 28 years old at the time of the accident It had previously operated for Iberia with registration EC BQT and it was transferred to the airline in 1993 after the buyout of the company by the Spanish carrier 7 8 9 The captain was 40 year old Jorge Cecere who had been with the airline since 1989 and logged 9 238 hours including 223 hours on the DC 9 The first officer was Horacio Nunez who was also 40 He had been with the airline since 1993 and had 2 910 flight hours He was more experienced on the DC 9 than captain Cecere with 1 384 hours on that aircraft 5 10 8 11 13 11 Accident EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message The aircraft which left from Posadas and was due to land in Aeroparque Jorge Newbery Buenos Aires 6 was forced to divert towards Fray Bentos to avoid a storm Examination of the aircraft s flight data recorder FDR revealed that shortly after the diversion occurred the aircraft airspeed indicator began to fall to an alarmingly low indicated airspeed Unknown to the pilots this was caused not directly by a loss of power but by ice formed inside the pitot tube which reads the airspeed for the indicator by measuring the pressure of inflow air The ice obstructing the pitot tube reduced the air inflow thus giving an erroneously low indicated airspeed In response to what they interpreted as a loss of engine power the pilots gradually increased power from the engines in order to maintain airspeed seeing no improvement they contacted the control tower in Ezeiza Airport and requested clearance to descend to a lower altitude After receiving no response the Captain decided to descend to a lower altitude to increase speed even with no clearance received from the Air Traffic Control While descending from their assigned altitude of 35 000 feet 11 000 m and reaching 31 700 feet 9 700 m the Captain identified the faulty airspeed indication and ordered the First Officer to stop descending and to reduce speed because the readings were unreliable However the First Officer disregarded the Captain s commands and deployed the wings slats to maintain their altitude and lower the plane s stall speed Consequently at this point the airplane was actually flying at a higher speed than normal it was descending which further increased airspeed to a point dangerously near to VNE the never exceed speed above which structural damage to the aircraft might occur With the slats extended at a speed beyond their operational limits one of them was torn from the aircraft causing catastrophic asymmetry in the airflow over the wings The aircraft immediately became uncontrollable and crashed According to an investigation by both the Argentine and Uruguayan Air Forces the pitot tube the primary instrument for measuring aircraft airspeeds froze when the aircraft passed through a 15 000 metre 49 000 ft high cumulonimbus cloud 1 blocking the instrument and causing it to give a false reading citation needed Compounding this problem was the absence of the alarm designed to report such a malfunction raising serious questions about inspection irregularities by the Argentine Air Force During the descent the FDR recorded an increase in the airspeed from 300 km h 160 kn 190 mph to 800 km h 430 kn 500 mph in three seconds which could only signify the sudden unfreezing of the pitot tube Specialists estimated that the aircraft crashed almost perpendicularly to the ground 6 at a speed of 1 200 km h 650 kn Depending upon the source the crater left by the crash was 6 metres 20 ft deep and 30 metres 98 ft wide 3 25 feet 7 6 m deep and 30 feet 9 1 m wide 12 or 25 feet 7 6 m deep and 80 feet 24 m wide 1 See also EditAir Force Incorporated Fuerza Aerea Sociedad Anonima a film by former pilot Enrique Pineyro that attempts to explain the major causes of the crash West Air Sweden Flight 294 and Copa Flight 201 both accidents where pilots reacted improperly to instrument malfunctions References Edit a b c d e f g Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 26 May 2011 a b Solans Roberto 12 October 1997 Catastrofe aerea hubo 73 muertos Air disaster 73 dead La Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 15 March 2014 a b Imagenes del espanto en Nuevo Berlin Scary pictures at Nuevo Berlin La Nacion in Spanish 12 October 1997 Archived from the original on 24 August 2016 Timeline Worst air accidents in Argentina Buenos Aires Herald 19 May 2011 Archived from the original on 15 March 2014 a b El piloto no debio entrar en la tormenta The pilot should not have entered the storm La Nacion in Spanish 13 October 1997 Archived from the original on 10 October 2021 a b c Storm may be to blame for Austral DC 9 crash Flight International 11 22 28 October 1997 Retrieved 29 April 2011 LV WEG Austral Lineas Aereas McDonnell Douglas DC 9 32 cn 47446 561 Retrieved 17 January 2017 Aircraft Data LV WEG 1969 Douglas DC 9 32 C N 47446 Retrieved 17 January 2017 LV WEG Austral Lineas Aereas McDonnell Douglas DC 9 32 MSN 47446 OneSpotter com OneSpotter com Plane Spotting Photography Aircraft Database Retrieved 10 June 2020 INFORME FINAL DE ACCIDENTE DE AVIACION McDONNELL DOUGLAS DC 9 32 AUSTRAL LINEAS AEREAS CIELOS DEL SUR S A LV WEG NUEVO BERLIN R O U 10 DE OCTUBRE DE 1997 FINAL REPORT ON AVIATION ACCIDENT McDONNELL DOUGLAS DC 9 32 AUSTRAL LINEAS AEREAS CIELOS DEL SUR S A LV WEG NEW BERLIN R O U OCTOBER 10 1997 PDF in Spanish National Civil Aviation and Aviation Infrastructure Direction Archived from the original PDF on 29 October 2013 Retrieved 10 June 2020 Austral Peritos advirtieron que uso correcto del piloto automatico hubiese podido evitar el accidente Austral Experts warned that correct use of the autopilot could have prevented the accident El Territorio Misiones in Spanish 19 June 2019 Archived from the original on 26 June 2019 Retrieved 10 June 2020 75 Die in Crash of Argentine Plane in Uruguay The New York Times 12 October 1997 Archived from the original on 9 September 2016 External links Edit Final report PDF Aviation Safety Network in Spanish National Civil Aviation and Aviation Infrastructure Direction Archived from the original PDF on 12 November 2020 Boletin Informativo Nº 29 Archive Junta de Investigaciones de Accidentes de Aviacion Civil in Spanish Portals Argentina Aviation Uruguay Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Austral Lineas Aereas Flight 2553 amp oldid 1133308181, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
