Augustus Brine
Augustus Brine (1769 – 28 January 1840) was an officer of the Royal Navy who served during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Augustus Brine | |
|---|---|
Augustus Brine as a young midshipman, John Singleton Copley, 1782 | |
| Born | 1769 Blandford St. Mary, Dorset, England, Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Died | January 28, 1840 (aged 70–71) Boldre Hill, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
| Service/ | Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1782 – 1840 |
| Rank | Rear admiral |
| Commands held |
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| Battles/wars | French Revolutionary Wars
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Despite being the son of a prominent naval officer of the American War of Independence, Augustus Brine had a relatively quiet career. He rose through the ranks to his first command during the French Revolutionary Wars, and was serving at the Cape of Good Hope by 1798. In 1799 he was faced with rumours of a mutiny while off Madagascar, and took decisive steps to maintain his authority and suppress any attempted insubordination. In doing so he was able to navigate his ship back to a British port and obtain support from other British ships.
He was unable to obtain a seagoing command early in the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars, but accepted a shore position in charge of a unit of Sea Fencibles. He finally received a ship, the 74-gun HMS Bellerophon, in 1810, and carried out patrols off the Dutch coast until 1813. Other commands followed, including that of a ship sent out to the Cape. While cruising in the Atlantic he discovered the homeward-bound American commerce raider USS Syren, and captured her. Apparently entering retirement after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, he was promoted to rear-admiral shortly before his death in 1840.
Family and early life edit
Augustus Brine was born into a naval family in 1769, the eldest son of James Brine, who became an admiral and commanded a ship at the Battle of the Chesapeake. Augustus's brother, George, also entered the navy and became a captain.[1][2] Little is known about his early service, but he entered the navy at the age of thirteen in 1782 and served as a midshipman aboard his father's ship, HMS Belliqueux. His portrait was painted at about this time by John Singleton Copley.[3] He was commissioned a lieutenant on 20 November 1790, and a commander on 6 December 1798.[4] He commissioned the 14-gun sloop HMS Hope that year and commanded her at the Cape of Good Hope until paying her off in February 1800.[5]
Mutiny threatened edit
While cruising off Madagascar on 8 May 1799 Brine was informed by a member of the crew that some of the sailors were planning to seize control of the sloop, confine the officers, and sail the Hope into a French-controlled port. Brine promptly arrested the supposed ringleaders and began the voyage back to the Cape.[6] By 2 July the danger had still not passed, as Brine was informed that more men were now involved in the plot to mutiny. Brine decided that "if [he] had confined the whole of the ship's company, there would have been great difficulty in working the ship, the officers were therefore divided" into two watches, armed with their servants who kept a constant and good lookout on those still out of confinement.[6] On 15 July he arrested two more ringleaders, and ordered his officers to shoot any man who appeared on deck while his watch was below, and informed his crew that if two men were seen talking together before the main mast during the night, they would be shot.[6] An outbreak of a violent illness amongst the officers and some of the loyal members of the crew on 22 July was attributed to an attempt by the mutineers to poison them.[6] When Hope finally anchored in Simon's Bay on 30 July, Brine brought two companies of marines on board from HMS Oiseau and HMS Camel, and placed the ship's company in confinement.[6]
Napoleonic Wars edit
Brine was promoted to post-captain on 29 April 1802, but did not receive an active seagoing command for some time. Instead in May 1805 he was given command of a unit of the Sea Fencibles, with responsibilities for the coast between St Alban's Head and Puncknowle.[2][7] He finally received a ship towards the end of the Napoleonic Wars, taking command of the 74-gun HMS Bellerophon on 5 November 1810.[8] Brine commanded Bellerophon until 10 February 1813, mostly spent on cruises in the North Sea and off the Dutch coast.[9] He then briefly took command of the 74-gun HMS Stirling Castle later in 1813.[10] He was not in command for long, in April 1813 he transferred to the 74-gun HMS Medway and became flag captain to Vice-Admiral Charles Tyler. Brine then took Medway out to the Cape.[10]
Brine sailed from the Cape in mid-1814 to search for American shipping, and while sailing through the Atlantic Medway came across the 16-gun USS Syren, bound for the United States. The Syren mistook the Medway for a large merchant vessel and approached her. On realising his mistake, Syren's commander, Lieutenant N. J. Nicholson, tried to outrun the British warship. After failing to escape and being unable to fight the more powerful vessel, he surrendered his ship to Brine.[11][a]
Later life edit
Brine does not appear to have commanded any other ships after paying Medway off after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, but was promoted to rear-admiral in 1837.[2] He died at Boldre Hill, Hampshire, on 28 January 1840 at the age of 70.[2] Brine married Martha-Maria Dansey on 14 May 1803 at Blandford and had one son, Rev. Augustus James Brine (later changing his last name to Knapton) on 26 January 1805.[12] Martha-Maria predeceased Brine, dying at Lymington on 31 December 1831.[13]
Notes edit
Citations edit
- ^ O'Byrne. A Naval Biographical Dictionary. p. 125.
- ^ a b c d The Gentleman's Magazine. 1840. p. 97.
- ^ "Midshipman Augustus Brine, 1782". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2006. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
- ^ Marshall. Royal Naval Biography. p. 666.
- ^ Winfield. British Warships of the Age of Sail 1793–1814. p. 272.
- ^ a b c d e O'Neill. Patrick O'Brian's Navy. p. 143.
- ^ Marshall. Royal Naval Biography. p. 667.
- ^ Goodwin. The Ships of Trafalgar. p. 66.
- ^ Goodwin. The Ships of Trafalgar. p. 70.
- ^ a b Winfield. British Warships of the Age of Sail 1793–1814. p. 74.
- ^ McCranie. Utmost Gallantry. p. 210.
- ^ College of Arms (Great Britain) (1896). Visitation of England and Wales, Volume 4. Privately printed. p. 16.
- ^ The Gentleman's Magazine. 1832. p. 93.
- ^ Winfield. British Warships of the Age of Sail 1793–1814. p. 307.
References edit
- The Gentleman's Magazine. Vol. 102. F. Jefferies. 1832.
- The Gentleman's Magazine. Vol. 14. William Pickering; John Bowyer Nichols and Son. 1840.
- Goodwin, Peter (2005). The Ships of Trafalgar: The British, French and Spanish Fleets October 1805. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 1-84486-015-9.
- McCranie, Kevin D. (2011). Utmost Gallantry: The U.S. and Royal Navies at Sea in the War of 1812. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781591145042.
- O'Byrne, William R. (1849). A Naval Biographical Dictionary: Comprising the Life and Services of Every Living Officer in Her Majesty's Navy, from the Rank of Admiral of the Fleet to that of Lieutenant, Inclusive. Vol. 1. J. Murray.
- O'Neill, Richard (2003). Patrick O'Brian's Navy: The Illustrated Companion to Jack Aubrey's World. London: Salamander Books. ISBN 9780762415403.
- Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.