The Augusta Arsenal was a 19th-century fortification in Augusta, Georgia. Established in 1816 and initially completed on the Georgia bank of the Savannah River in 1819, it was moved to the former Belle Vue estate in the Summerville neighborhood of Augusta in 1827 due to health concerns after several fever epidemics.[1]
Augusta Arsenal
The Augusta Arsenal's original Headquarters Building, dating back to 1827–29. Now Payne Hall at Augusta University.
The Belle Vue estate was established by George and Eliza Talbot Walker. It was the birthplace of their granddaughter, Octavia Walton Le Vert in 1811.[2] George later sold Belle Vue to his brother, Freeman Walker, for use as a summer estate.[3] Freeman Walker sold the 72 acres (29 ha) property, with the exception of one acre that contained the Walker Family Cemetery, to the United States government for $6,000 in 1826. The arsenal was moved to the new location the following year, with four large brick buildings connected by a twenty-two inch thick wall completed in 1829. Troops from the arsenal took part in various campaigns involving the Cherokee, Muscogee, and Seminole tribes and took part in the Mexican–American War.[1]
Civil War
The expanded Augusta Arsenal in the first decade of the 20th century.
Following the secession of Georgia from the Union, then governor, Joseph E. Brown, visited the arsenal on January 23, 1861, and demanded that the commander, Arnold Elzey surrender the facility to the state. Elzey initially refused. 600 citizens of Augusta then volunteered for militia duty based on rumors that the state was going to take the arsenal from Elzey and his small contingent of 82 soldiers. Brown gave Elzey a second chance to surrender the facility, demanding an answer by 9 o'clock the next morning. After notifying his superiors of the situation via telegraph, Elzey turned the arsenal over to the state the next day.[4]
Review of the Clinch Rifles on the Parade Ground in front of the Augusta Arsenal in February 1861.
By summer 1861, the Confederate Chief of Ordnance, Josiah Gorgas, determined to greatly expand the arsenal around the original nucleus. His plans included building a "great arsenal of construction where ammunition, field and siege artillery projectiles and ordnance stores in general [would] be made in large quantities."[5] April 1862 saw the arsenal placed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Washington Rains. He was also put in charge of erecting the enormous Confederate Powderworks, which he placed at the 1816 arsenal site. The arsenal produced large quantities of war materiel from 1863 to 1865. The arsenal was under threat in November 1864 during Sherman's March to the Sea, with equipment prepared for evacuation until the Union Army turned toward Savannah. In the end, the arsenal was surrendered back to Federal control when Union troops entered Augusta on May 3, 1865.[5] The Augusta Arsenal is still the home to three Confederate "12-pounder Napoleon" cannons. Two of the cannons are displayed at the front and rear of Payne Hall, which is the original arsenal headquarters building, and a third is displayed outside the original arsenal guardhouse. The arsenal guardhouse was erected in 1866 to guard the entrance to the arsenal. In 2004 it was converted to a small museum that displays dozens of artifacts, photographs, and various items uncovered during archeological excavations of the area. The arsenal military cemetery, adjacent to the Walker Family cemetery, houses the graves of forty-eight soldiers, twelve women, and ten children, along with a few unidentified graves, dating back to 1841.[6]
Stereograph of Augusta Arsenal, Augusta, Georgia
Later history
The Stephen Vincent Benét House in 2008.
The arsenal was a valuable asset for the war effort during the Spanish–American War. It manufactured various types of equipment and served as a supply and repair point. During World War I the arsenal served as a center for the repair of small arms. Following minimum staffing after close of World War I, World War II saw activity at the site increase enormously, with the construction of roughly fifty new buildings. Primary activities were directed at maintenance and supply of weapons and ammunition, with over 1000 people working at the arsenal.[7]
The arsenal remained in operation until 1955, at which point the decision was made to close it. Most of the property was given to the Georgia Board of Education. It was converted into the Junior College of Augusta in 1957. The name was changed to Augusta College in 1958, and later as Augusta State University. In 2012, Augusta State University merged with Georgia Health Sciences University to become Georgia Regents University. After much public and alumni discontent, the school was renamed Augusta University in 2015.[1] The arsenal commandant's house, one of the original four arsenal buildings, is now known as the Stephen Vincent Benét House. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark on November 11, 1971. Noted poet and novelist Stephen Vincent Benét lived here when his father, Colonel James Walker Benét commanded the Augusta Arsenal from 1911 to 1919. The house later served as the President's House of Augusta College.[8][9]
References
^ abc(PDF). Augusta State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
^Satterfield, Frances Gibson (1987). Madame Le Vert: A Biography of Octavia Walton Le Vert. Edisto Island, S.C.: Edisto Press. ISBN978-0-9618589-1-9.
^Brown, Russell K. (1994). To The Manner Born: The Life Of General William H. T. Walker. Athens: University of Georgia Press. pp. 2–3. ISBN978-0-8203-1569-0.
^"January 23". This Day in Georgia History. University of Georgia. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
^ ab"The Augusta Arsenal: A "great arsenal of construction..."". Georgia Civil War Heritage Trails. Historical Marker Database. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
^"A Walk Through Augustan History". R. Armstrong @ Augusta U. 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2019-06-05.
^. Augusta State University. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
^"Stephen Vincent Benet House". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Augusta Arsenal.
March 10, 2023
augusta, arsenal, 19th, century, fortification, augusta, georgia, established, 1816, initially, completed, georgia, bank, savannah, river, 1819, moved, former, belle, estate, summerville, neighborhood, augusta, 1827, health, concerns, after, several, fever, ep. The Augusta Arsenal was a 19th century fortification in Augusta Georgia Established in 1816 and initially completed on the Georgia bank of the Savannah River in 1819 it was moved to the former Belle Vue estate in the Summerville neighborhood of Augusta in 1827 due to health concerns after several fever epidemics 1 Augusta ArsenalThe Augusta Arsenal s original Headquarters Building dating back to 1827 29 Now Payne Hall at Augusta University LocationAugusta GeorgiaCoordinates33 28 34 N 82 01 27 W 33 47615 N 82 02426 W 33 47615 82 02426 Coordinates 33 28 34 N 82 01 27 W 33 47615 N 82 02426 W 33 47615 82 02426Founded1816Built1827 29Built forGovernment of the United StatesGoverning bodyState of Georgia Contents 1 Early history 2 Civil War 3 Later history 4 References 5 External linksEarly history EditThe Belle Vue estate was established by George and Eliza Talbot Walker It was the birthplace of their granddaughter Octavia Walton Le Vert in 1811 2 George later sold Belle Vue to his brother Freeman Walker for use as a summer estate 3 Freeman Walker sold the 72 acres 29 ha property with the exception of one acre that contained the Walker Family Cemetery to the United States government for 6 000 in 1826 The arsenal was moved to the new location the following year with four large brick buildings connected by a twenty two inch thick wall completed in 1829 Troops from the arsenal took part in various campaigns involving the Cherokee Muscogee and Seminole tribes and took part in the Mexican American War 1 Civil War Edit The expanded Augusta Arsenal in the first decade of the 20th century Following the secession of Georgia from the Union then governor Joseph E Brown visited the arsenal on January 23 1861 and demanded that the commander Arnold Elzey surrender the facility to the state Elzey initially refused 600 citizens of Augusta then volunteered for militia duty based on rumors that the state was going to take the arsenal from Elzey and his small contingent of 82 soldiers Brown gave Elzey a second chance to surrender the facility demanding an answer by 9 o clock the next morning After notifying his superiors of the situation via telegraph Elzey turned the arsenal over to the state the next day 4 Review of the Clinch Rifles on the Parade Ground in front of the Augusta Arsenal in February 1861 By summer 1861 the Confederate Chief of Ordnance Josiah Gorgas determined to greatly expand the arsenal around the original nucleus His plans included building a great arsenal of construction where ammunition field and siege artillery projectiles and ordnance stores in general would be made in large quantities 5 April 1862 saw the arsenal placed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Washington Rains He was also put in charge of erecting the enormous Confederate Powderworks which he placed at the 1816 arsenal site The arsenal produced large quantities of war materiel from 1863 to 1865 The arsenal was under threat in November 1864 during Sherman s March to the Sea with equipment prepared for evacuation until the Union Army turned toward Savannah In the end the arsenal was surrendered back to Federal control when Union troops entered Augusta on May 3 1865 5 The Augusta Arsenal is still the home to three Confederate 12 pounder Napoleon cannons Two of the cannons are displayed at the front and rear of Payne Hall which is the original arsenal headquarters building and a third is displayed outside the original arsenal guardhouse The arsenal guardhouse was erected in 1866 to guard the entrance to the arsenal In 2004 it was converted to a small museum that displays dozens of artifacts photographs and various items uncovered during archeological excavations of the area The arsenal military cemetery adjacent to the Walker Family cemetery houses the graves of forty eight soldiers twelve women and ten children along with a few unidentified graves dating back to 1841 6 Stereograph of Augusta Arsenal Augusta GeorgiaLater history Edit The Stephen Vincent Benet House in 2008 The arsenal was a valuable asset for the war effort during the Spanish American War It manufactured various types of equipment and served as a supply and repair point During World War I the arsenal served as a center for the repair of small arms Following minimum staffing after close of World War I World War II saw activity at the site increase enormously with the construction of roughly fifty new buildings Primary activities were directed at maintenance and supply of weapons and ammunition with over 1000 people working at the arsenal 7 The arsenal remained in operation until 1955 at which point the decision was made to close it Most of the property was given to the Georgia Board of Education It was converted into the Junior College of Augusta in 1957 The name was changed to Augusta College in 1958 and later as Augusta State University In 2012 Augusta State University merged with Georgia Health Sciences University to become Georgia Regents University After much public and alumni discontent the school was renamed Augusta University in 2015 1 The arsenal commandant s house one of the original four arsenal buildings is now known as the Stephen Vincent Benet House It was designated as a National Historic Landmark on November 11 1971 Noted poet and novelist Stephen Vincent Benet lived here when his father Colonel James Walker Benet commanded the Augusta Arsenal from 1911 to 1919 The house later served as the President s House of Augusta College 8 9 References Edit a b c History of Augusta State University PDF Augusta State University Archived from the original PDF on October 19 2012 Retrieved February 19 2012 Satterfield Frances Gibson 1987 Madame Le Vert A Biography of Octavia Walton Le Vert Edisto Island S C Edisto Press ISBN 978 0 9618589 1 9 Brown Russell K 1994 To The Manner Born The Life Of General William H T Walker Athens University of Georgia Press pp 2 3 ISBN 978 0 8203 1569 0 January 23 This Day in Georgia History University of Georgia Retrieved February 19 2012 a b The Augusta Arsenal A great arsenal of construction Georgia Civil War Heritage Trails Historical Marker Database Retrieved February 19 2012 A Walk Through Augustan History R Armstrong Augusta U 2013 01 29 Retrieved 2019 06 05 History Augusta State University Archived from the original on March 8 2012 Retrieved February 19 2012 National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service January 23 2007 Stephen Vincent Benet House National Historic Landmark summary listing National Park Service Retrieved February 19 2012 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Augusta Arsenal The Augusta Arsenal in the Civil War Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Augusta Arsenal amp oldid 1042763312, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
