Lituitida is an order of orthoceratoidcephalopods. They correspond to the family Lituitidae of the Treatise (Furnish & Glenister, 1964), reranked as an order and combined with other orthoceratoids.[1] They are considered to be more closely related to the Orthocerida than to the Ascocerida or Pseudorthocerida which are also included.
Lituitids are characterized by smooth to annulate shells in which the juvenile portion near the apex is coiled or cyrtoconic. The adult portion is straight or slightly sigmoidal and may be expanded. Growth lines show a deep hyponomic sinus and lateral ocular sinuses. The siphuncle is subcentral with layered connecting rings. Cameral deposits are prevalent and concentrated more ventrally.[2] The apex is small and spherical and lacks a cicatrix.[1] The Lituitida, which were originally included in the Tarphycerida as the Lituitidae (Furnish and Glenister) have their beginnings in the Early Ordovician with forms like Ancistroceras. Their diversity increased after the late Arenigian extinction (Floian-Dapingian) at the end of the Canadian Epoch and take a tumble following the early Cincinnatian (Sandbian) in the early Late Ordovician, from which the group never recovers.[3]
It is thought that they had a planktonic juvenile stage in their life cycle and that mature adults lived in the shallow waters of the open ocean.[3]
Some 8 genera have been described, all from the Baltic region of northern Europe. One genus, Holmiceras, is limited to the Lower Ordovician and one, Ancistroceras, comes from both the lower and middle of the period. Five genera included the type genus, Lituites, are known only from the Middle Ordovician and one, Tyrioceras, is known from the Middle and Upper Ordovician, the last of its kind.
One study argued that Lituitida (also considered a suborder, Lituitina) was closely related to the proposed order Pallioceratida (or suborder Pallioceratina). Under this hypothesis, they would collectively form the superorder Astrovioidea (or order Astroviida), which was diagnosed based on extensive cameral deposits which partially obliterate the connecting rings.[4][5] However, the validity of Pallioceratida/Pallioceratina or Astroviodea/Astroviida are not universally accepted.[6][7]
Further readingedit
Mutvei, H (2002). "Connecting ring structure and its significance for classification of the orthoceratid cephalopods". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 47 (1): 157–168.
Referencesedit
^ abKroger, B (2008). "Brief report (covering the Early Ordovician origin of orthoceratoid cephalopods)". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 53 (4): 745–749. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0417.
^Furnish; Glenister (1964). "Nautiloidea-Tarphycerida". In Teichert; Moore (eds.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (part K ed.). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas. pp. K362–K367.
^ abKröger, B.; Yun-bai, Y. B. (2009). "Pulsed cephalopod diversification during the Ordovician". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 273 (1–2): 174–201. Bibcode:2009PPP...273..174K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.12.015.
^Zhuravleva, F.A.; Doguzhaeva, L.A. (2004). "Astrovioidea: A new superorder of Paleozoic cephalopods". Paleontological Journal. 38 (supp1): S1–S73.
^King AH, Evans DH (2019). "High-level classification of the nautiloid cephalopods: a proposal for the revision of the Treatise Part K". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 138 (1): 65–85. doi:10.1007/s13358-019-00186-4. ISSN 1664-2384. S2CID 133647555.
^Aubrechtová, Martina; Meidla, Tõnu (2020-10-01). "Lituitid cephalopods from the upper Darriwilian and basal Sandbian (Middle–Upper Ordovician) of Estonia". GFF. 142 (4): 267–296. doi:10.1080/11035897.2020.1762723. ISSN 1103-5897. S2CID 225581341.
^Fang, Xiang; Pohle, Alexander; Kröger, Björn; Aubrechtová, Martina; Burrett, Clive; Zhang, Yunbai; Zhang, Yuandong (2021-05-03). "Phylogeny of Middle–Late Ordovician lituitid cephalopods based on cladistic analysis". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (9): 633–650. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1944354. hdl:10138/346432. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 237885587.
January 01, 1970
lituitida, order, orthoceratoid, cephalopods, they, correspond, family, treatise, furnish, glenister, 1964, reranked, order, combined, with, other, orthoceratoids, they, considered, more, closely, related, orthocerida, than, ascocerida, pseudorthocerida, which. Lituitida is an order of orthoceratoid cephalopods They correspond to the family Lituitidae of the Treatise Furnish amp Glenister 1964 reranked as an order and combined with other orthoceratoids 1 They are considered to be more closely related to the Orthocerida than to the Ascocerida or Pseudorthocerida which are also included Lituitida Trilacinoceras Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Orthoceratoidea Order Lituitida Lituitids are characterized by smooth to annulate shells in which the juvenile portion near the apex is coiled or cyrtoconic The adult portion is straight or slightly sigmoidal and may be expanded Growth lines show a deep hyponomic sinus and lateral ocular sinuses The siphuncle is subcentral with layered connecting rings Cameral deposits are prevalent and concentrated more ventrally 2 The apex is small and spherical and lacks a cicatrix 1 The Lituitida which were originally included in the Tarphycerida as the Lituitidae Furnish and Glenister have their beginnings in the Early Ordovician with forms like Ancistroceras Their diversity increased after the late Arenigian extinction Floian Dapingian at the end of the Canadian Epoch and take a tumble following the early Cincinnatian Sandbian in the early Late Ordovician from which the group never recovers 3 It is thought that they had a planktonic juvenile stage in their life cycle and that mature adults lived in the shallow waters of the open ocean 3 Some 8 genera have been described all from the Baltic region of northern Europe One genus Holmiceras is limited to the Lower Ordovician and one Ancistroceras comes from both the lower and middle of the period Five genera included the type genus Lituites are known only from the Middle Ordovician and one Tyrioceras is known from the Middle and Upper Ordovician the last of its kind One study argued that Lituitida also considered a suborder Lituitina was closely related to the proposed order Pallioceratida or suborder Pallioceratina Under this hypothesis they would collectively form the superorder Astrovioidea or order Astroviida which was diagnosed based on extensive cameral deposits which partially obliterate the connecting rings 4 5 However the validity of Pallioceratida Pallioceratina or Astroviodea Astroviida are not universally accepted 6 7 Further reading editMutvei H 2002 Connecting ring structure and its significance for classification of the orthoceratid cephalopods Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 1 157 168 References edit a b Kroger B 2008 Brief report covering the Early Ordovician origin of orthoceratoid cephalopods Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 4 745 749 doi 10 4202 app 2008 0417 Furnish Glenister 1964 Nautiloidea Tarphycerida In Teichert Moore eds Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology part K ed Geological Society of America and University of Kansas pp K362 K367 a b Kroger B Yun bai Y B 2009 Pulsed cephalopod diversification during the Ordovician Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 273 1 2 174 201 Bibcode 2009PPP 273 174K doi 10 1016 j palaeo 2008 12 015 Zhuravleva F A Doguzhaeva L A 2004 Astrovioidea A new superorder of Paleozoic cephalopods Paleontological Journal 38 supp1 S1 S73 King AH Evans DH 2019 High level classification of the nautiloid cephalopods a proposal for the revision of the Treatise Part K Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 138 1 65 85 doi 10 1007 s13358 019 00186 4 ISSN 1664 2384 S2CID 133647555 Aubrechtova Martina Meidla Tonu 2020 10 01 Lituitid cephalopods from the upper Darriwilian and basal Sandbian Middle Upper Ordovician of Estonia GFF 142 4 267 296 doi 10 1080 11035897 2020 1762723 ISSN 1103 5897 S2CID 225581341 Fang Xiang Pohle Alexander Kroger Bjorn Aubrechtova Martina Burrett Clive Zhang Yunbai Zhang Yuandong 2021 05 03 Phylogeny of Middle Late Ordovician lituitid cephalopods based on cladistic analysis Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19 9 633 650 doi 10 1080 14772019 2021 1944354 hdl 10138 346432 ISSN 1477 2019 S2CID 237885587 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lituitida amp oldid 1170475406, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
