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Army of the Valley

February 15, 2024

The Army of the Valley (officially the Army of the Valley District) was the name given to the army of Lt. Gen. Jubal Early's independent command during the Shenandoah Valley Campaigns in the summer and autumn of 1864. The Army of the Valley was the last Confederate unit to invade Northern territory, reaching the outskirts of Washington, D.C. The Army became defunct after its decisive defeat at the Battle of Waynesboro, Virginia, on March 2, 1865.

History edit

General Robert E. Lee, entrenched at Petersburg, wanted to siphon off some of the overwhelming number of Federal troops that he faced. He was also concerned with recent Union victories in the Shenandoah Valley (a vital source of supplies and food for his army). He devised a daring plan to accomplish both ends. On June 12, 1864, Lee ordered Jubal Early to take independent command of the Army of Northern Virginia's Second Corps, renaming it as the Army of the Valley (the name given to many of these same troops by Stonewall Jackson during his 1862 Valley Campaign). Early was to march north through the Shenandoah Valley, cross the Potomac River into Maryland, and possibly threaten either Baltimore or Washington. Early immediately made preparations for independent action. Departing Petersburg via train, the army arrived in the valley at the rail center of Lynchburg to reinforce John C. Breckinridge and to contest the Federals in the region. However, David Hunter withdrew his Union troops in the face of Early's larger force.

Readily brushing aside the remaining small Federal garrisons in a series of minor engagements, Early (with Breckinridge's men now a part of the Army of the Valley) proceeded northward and then east from the valley across the South Mountain range. Near Frederick, Maryland, the force was delayed by a full day at the Battle of Monocacy by Lew Wallace. On July 11, Early threatened Washington before withdrawing two days later. On July 24, after returning to the Shenandoah, the Army of the Valley won its last major battle, Second Kernstown, defeating George Crook's VIII Corps. Early dispatched much of his cavalry under John McCausland to raid and subsequently burn much of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania (in apparent retaliation for Hunter's burning of the Virginia Military Institute).

By the end of July, fed up with Early's free rein of the valley, President Abraham Lincoln met with Ulysses S. Grant to discuss options. Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan was assigned to command, replacing the defeated Hunter, who promptly resigned. In a series of sharp engagements in August through October, Sheridan repeatedly defeated the Army of the Valley and drove Early's men southward. The Army of the Valley was no longer a significant threat.

Early's battered force stayed together throughout the winter of 1864–65, but was a shadow of its former size and potency. Many men deserted and returned home. The remainder were low on supplies, ammunition, clothing, and food, yet maintained a military presence. However, on February 27, 1865, Sheridan departed Winchester with two cavalry divisions and moved into position to attack Early near Waynesboro with the division commanded by Major General George Armstrong Custer. After a brief stand-off, a determined Federal attack rolled up Early's exposed right flank and scattered his small force. General Early and a few other officers and troops were able to avoid capture, but over 1,500 men were captured and sent to Fort Delaware to await the end of the war. The Army of the Valley ceased to exist and Lee dismissed Early from the service, fearing that he could not instill enough confidence in the new recruits required to keep the fighting going.

Campaigns and battles edit

See also edit

References edit

  • Gallagher, Gary W., Ed., Struggle for the Shenandoah: Essays on the 1864 Valley Campaign, Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-87338-429-6.
  • Official Records of the American Civil War

External links edit

  • Army of the Valley in Encyclopedia Virginia

February 15, 2024
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Army of the Valley officially the Army of the Valley District was the name given to the army of Lt Gen Jubal Early s independent command during the Shenandoah Valley Campaigns in the summer and autumn of 1864 The Army of the Valley was the last Confederate unit to invade Northern territory reaching the outskirts of Washington D C The Army became defunct after its decisive defeat at the Battle of Waynesboro Virginia on March 2 1865 Contents 1 History 2 Campaigns and battles 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editGeneral Robert E Lee entrenched at Petersburg wanted to siphon off some of the overwhelming number of Federal troops that he faced He was also concerned with recent Union victories in the Shenandoah Valley a vital source of supplies and food for his army He devised a daring plan to accomplish both ends On June 12 1864 Lee ordered Jubal Early to take independent command of the Army of Northern Virginia s Second Corps renaming it as the Army of the Valley the name given to many of these same troops by Stonewall Jackson during his 1862 Valley Campaign Early was to march north through the Shenandoah Valley cross the Potomac River into Maryland and possibly threaten either Baltimore or Washington Early immediately made preparations for independent action Departing Petersburg via train the army arrived in the valley at the rail center of Lynchburg to reinforce John C Breckinridge and to contest the Federals in the region However David Hunter withdrew his Union troops in the face of Early s larger force Readily brushing aside the remaining small Federal garrisons in a series of minor engagements Early with Breckinridge s men now a part of the Army of the Valley proceeded northward and then east from the valley across the South Mountain range Near Frederick Maryland the force was delayed by a full day at the Battle of Monocacy by Lew Wallace On July 11 Early threatened Washington before withdrawing two days later On July 24 after returning to the Shenandoah the Army of the Valley won its last major battle Second Kernstown defeating George Crook s VIII Corps Early dispatched much of his cavalry under John McCausland to raid and subsequently burn much of Chambersburg Pennsylvania in apparent retaliation for Hunter s burning of the Virginia Military Institute By the end of July fed up with Early s free rein of the valley President Abraham Lincoln met with Ulysses S Grant to discuss options Maj Gen Philip Sheridan was assigned to command replacing the defeated Hunter who promptly resigned In a series of sharp engagements in August through October Sheridan repeatedly defeated the Army of the Valley and drove Early s men southward The Army of the Valley was no longer a significant threat Early s battered force stayed together throughout the winter of 1864 65 but was a shadow of its former size and potency Many men deserted and returned home The remainder were low on supplies ammunition clothing and food yet maintained a military presence However on February 27 1865 Sheridan departed Winchester with two cavalry divisions and moved into position to attack Early near Waynesboro with the division commanded by Major General George Armstrong Custer After a brief stand off a determined Federal attack rolled up Early s exposed right flank and scattered his small force General Early and a few other officers and troops were able to avoid capture but over 1 500 men were captured and sent to Fort Delaware to await the end of the war The Army of the Valley ceased to exist and Lee dismissed Early from the service fearing that he could not instill enough confidence in the new recruits required to keep the fighting going Campaigns and battles editValley Campaigns of 1864 Early s Raid and Operations Against the B amp O Railroad June August 1864 Battle of Monocacy July 9 1864 Battle of Fort Stevens July 11 12 1864 Heaton s Crossroads July 16 1864 Battle of Cool Spring July 17 18 1864 Battle of Rutherford s Farm July 20 1864 Second Battle of Kernstown July 24 1864 Battle of Folck s Mill August 1 1864 Battle of Moorefield August 7 1864 Sheridan s Valley Campaign August October 1864 Battle of Summit Point August 21 1864 Battle of Smithfield Crossing August 25 29 1864 Battle of Berryville September 3 4 1864 Battle of Opequon September 19 1864 Battle of Fisher s Hill September 21 22 1864 Battle of Tom s Brook October 9 1864 Battle of Hupp s Hill October 12 1864 Battle of Cedar Creek October 19 1864 1865 Sheridan s Expedition to Petersburg Battle of Waynesboro Virginia March 2 1865 See also editMonocacy Confederate order of battle Kernstown II Confederate order of battleReferences editGallagher Gary W Ed Struggle for the Shenandoah Essays on the 1864 Valley Campaign Kent Ohio Kent State University Press 1991 ISBN 0 87338 429 6 Official Records of the American Civil WarExternal links editArmy of the Valley in Encyclopedia Virginia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Army of the Valley amp oldid 1097031140, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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