The design bureau's name (Cyrillic: Архангельский) is transliterated in many ways in English sources, in a variety of combinations of Arch-, Arkh-, -sky, -ski, -skii, -skij).
Alexander Arkhangelsky was already second in command at the Tupolev OKB when Andrei Tupolev was imprisoned in one of Stalin's purges. During Tupolev's absence, Arkhangelsky was authorised to append his name to the SB variants that were in the pipeline when he took over.
The Ar-2 represented a final attempt to extend the useful lifespan of the SB design which had first flown in 1934. In early 1940, Arkhangelsky had worked on a refined SB, designated MMN, but this had proved disappointing, with performance no better than the original SB. The Ar-2 was therefore a greater departure from the Tupolev design, in the hopes of creating an aircraft that could attain a speed of 600 km/h (374 mph) at 6,500 m (21,300 ft), and incorporate the newly developed PB-3 bombsight to give dive-bombing capability.
The major airframe changes made on the Ar-2 were streamlining of the enginenacelles (which now housed engines with around 15% greater power), completely new outer wing panels of greater span and taper, and a new, glazed nose. The engine cooling system was moved inside the wings, with air inlets on the leading edges and exits on the underwings. Dive brakes were added to allow for the type's new role. Initially designated SB-RK, factory testing of two prototypes commenced in October 1940, and the following month, an example was delivered to the Soviet NII-VVS for evaluation. In December, the NKAP redesignated the aircraft to incorporate Arkhangelsky's name.
The results of the NII-VVS tests were encouraging. While the hoped-for top speed was not attained, the aircraft's handling was an improvement on the SB, and the dive-bombing adaptations worked very well. Weaknesses identified included major problems with engine cooling and lubrication and deficiencies in defensive armament (the latter a common problem with Soviet bombers of the period). The report concluded that the aircraft should be put into production and development continued to eliminate the remaining defects.
Production started in late 1940, but already the machine had been superseded by the Petlyakov Pe-2 and the flight of the Tupolev Tu-2 prototype. Therefore, after only 190 Ar-2s had been constructed, Zavod 22 (the aircraft factory previously devoted to Ar-2 manufacture) was turned over to Pe-2 manufacture in early 1941.
Arkhangelsky OKB continued its attempts to refine the SB, creating a final development, the SBB in 1941. All further work in this direction was terminated at the outbreak of war with Germany and Alexander Arkhangelsky was reassigned to Zavod 156 to oversee maintenance and repair of operational SB aircraft.
Operational historyedit
Beginning in 1940, Ar-2s were assigned to units already operating the SB, and the two types were operated side by side. At least half of all Ar-2s built were destroyed during the German offensive of 1941, with a small number still operating until about 1943.
Maslov, Mikail (2004). Tupolev SB: Soviet High Speed Bomber. Old Saybrook, Connecticut, USA: Icarus Aviation Press. ISBN0-9724527-1-0.
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
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The Arkhangelsky Ar 2 was a Soviet dive bomber used in small numbers during World War II Its design was a refinement of the earlier Russian Tupolev SB Ar 2Role Dive bomberManufacturer Zavod 22Designer Alexander ArkhangelskyFirst flight October 1940Introduction 1940Primary user Soviet Air ForceNumber built ca 190The design bureau s name Cyrillic Arhangelskij is transliterated in many ways in English sources in a variety of combinations of Arch Arkh sky ski skii skij Contents 1 Development 2 Operational history 3 Operators 4 Units using this aircraft 4 1 Soviet Air Force 4 2 Soviet Navy 5 Specifications 6 See also 7 ReferencesDevelopment editAlexander Arkhangelsky was already second in command at the Tupolev OKB when Andrei Tupolev was imprisoned in one of Stalin s purges During Tupolev s absence Arkhangelsky was authorised to append his name to the SB variants that were in the pipeline when he took over The Ar 2 represented a final attempt to extend the useful lifespan of the SB design which had first flown in 1934 In early 1940 Arkhangelsky had worked on a refined SB designated MMN but this had proved disappointing with performance no better than the original SB The Ar 2 was therefore a greater departure from the Tupolev design in the hopes of creating an aircraft that could attain a speed of 600 km h 374 mph at 6 500 m 21 300 ft and incorporate the newly developed PB 3 bombsight to give dive bombing capability The major airframe changes made on the Ar 2 were streamlining of the engine nacelles which now housed engines with around 15 greater power completely new outer wing panels of greater span and taper and a new glazed nose The engine cooling system was moved inside the wings with air inlets on the leading edges and exits on the underwings Dive brakes were added to allow for the type s new role Initially designated SB RK factory testing of two prototypes commenced in October 1940 and the following month an example was delivered to the Soviet NII VVS for evaluation In December the NKAP redesignated the aircraft to incorporate Arkhangelsky s name The results of the NII VVS tests were encouraging While the hoped for top speed was not attained the aircraft s handling was an improvement on the SB and the dive bombing adaptations worked very well Weaknesses identified included major problems with engine cooling and lubrication and deficiencies in defensive armament the latter a common problem with Soviet bombers of the period The report concluded that the aircraft should be put into production and development continued to eliminate the remaining defects Production started in late 1940 but already the machine had been superseded by the Petlyakov Pe 2 and the flight of the Tupolev Tu 2 prototype Therefore after only 190 Ar 2s had been constructed Zavod 22 the aircraft factory previously devoted to Ar 2 manufacture was turned over to Pe 2 manufacture in early 1941 Arkhangelsky OKB continued its attempts to refine the SB creating a final development the SBB in 1941 All further work in this direction was terminated at the outbreak of war with Germany and Alexander Arkhangelsky was reassigned to Zavod 156 to oversee maintenance and repair of operational SB aircraft Operational history editBeginning in 1940 Ar 2s were assigned to units already operating the SB and the two types were operated side by side At least half of all Ar 2s built were destroyed during the German offensive of 1941 with a small number still operating until about 1943 Operators edit nbsp Soviet UnionSoviet Air Force Soviet Naval AviationUnits using this aircraft editSoviet Air Force edit 2SBAP of 2SAD 46SBAP of 7SAD 54SBAP of 54SAD 13SBAP of 9SAD 33BAP of 19BAD 27IAP fighter unit used Ar 2 for dive bombing training Soviet Navy edit 73BAP of 10SAD Baltic FleetSpecifications editGeneral characteristics Crew three Length 12 50 m 41 ft 0 in Wingspan 18 00 m 59 ft 0 in Height 3 56 m 11 ft 8 in Wing area 48 2 m2 519 sq ft Empty weight 4 516 kg 9 956 lb Gross weight 8 150 kg 17 970 lb Powerplant 2 Klimov M 105R piston engine 820 kW 1 100 hp eachPerformance Maximum speed 512 km h 319 mph 277 kn Range 1 500 km 940 mi 820 nmi Service ceiling 10 500 m 34 400 ft Rate of climb 12 8 m s 2 510 ft min Armament 4 7 62 mm ShKAS machine guns 1 600 kg 3 530 lb bombsSee also editRelated development Tupolev SBAircraft of comparable role configuration and era Amiot 354 de Havilland Mosquito Dornier Do 215 Douglas DB 7 Kawasaki Ki 48 Petlyakov Pe 2 SNCAC NC 150Tupolev Tu 2Related lists List of aircraft of World War II List of bomber aircraft List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CISReferences editMaslov Mikail 2004 Tupolev SB Soviet High Speed Bomber Old Saybrook Connecticut USA Icarus Aviation Press ISBN 0 9724527 1 0 Taylor Michael J H 1989 Jane s Encyclopedia of Aviation London Studio Editions airwar ru sovietwarplanes com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arkhangelsky Ar 2 amp oldid 1152955277, wikipedia, 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