Arachnion
Arachnion is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Agaricaceae.
| Arachnion | |
|---|---|
| Arachnion album | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Genus: | Arachnion Schwein. (1822) |
| Type species | |
| Arachnion album Schwein. (1822) | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
Taxonomy Edit
The genus was circumscribed by Lewis David von Schweinitz in 1822 with Arachnion album as the type, and only species.[3] The genus name is Greek for "cobweb".
William Chambers Coker and John Nathaniel Couch circumscribed the family Arachniaceae in 1928 to contain Arachnion.[4] The genus was later placed in the now-defunct family Lycoperdaceae.[5] Modern molecular analysis has shown that Arachnion, as well as other puffball genera, are part of the family Agaricaceae.[6]
Description Edit
Arachnion species have a characteristic gleba, resembling a mass of grainy, sand-like particles. At a microscopic scale, the granules are peridioles, or tiny sacs made of hyphae that contain spores. Inside each sac is a minuscule chamber that contains inward-facing basidia (spore-bearing cells), an arrangement similar to that seen in Lycoperdon. The fruitbodies have a smooth, thin, and fragile peridium that readily disintegrates into small pieces in maturity to expose the granular contents.[4]
Distribution Edit
The genus is widely distributed, with species found in Australia, North and South America, South Africa, and Europe, and Japan.[7]
Species Edit
As of January 2016[update], Index Fungorum accepts 11 species in Arachnion:[8]
- Arachnion alborosellum Verwoerd 1926 – South Africa[9]
- Arachnion album Schwein. 1822[3]
- Arachnion bovista (Mont.) Mont. 1849[10]
- Arachnion firmoderma Verwoerd 1926 – South Africa[9]
- Arachnion foetens Speg. 1906 – South America[11]
- Arachnion iriemae Rick 1961
- Arachnion iulii Quadr. 1996 – Italy[12]
- Arachnion lazoi Demoulin 1972[13]
- Arachnion lloydianum Demoulin 1972[13]
- Arachnion rufum Lloyd 1906[14]
- Arachnion scleroderma Lloyd 1915[15]
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ Berkeley MJ. (1843). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by Herr Zeyher in Uitenhage". London Journal of Botany. 2: 507–527.
- ^ "Synonymy: Arachnion Schwein". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
- ^ a b von Schweinitz LD. (1822). "Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris" (in Latin). 1: 20–131 (see p. 59).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Johnson MM, Coker WS, Couch JN (1974) [First published 1928]. The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada. New York, New York: Dover Publications. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-486-23033-7.
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA (2001). Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (9th ed.). Oxon, UK: CABI Bioscience. ISBN 978-0-85199-377-5.
- ^ Trierveiler-Pereira L, Kreisel H, Baseia IG (2010). "New data on puffballs (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from the Northeast Region of Brazil". Mycotaxon. 111: 411–421. doi:10.5248/111.411.
- ^ Kasuya T, Orihara T, Fukiharu T, Yoshimi S (2006). "A lycoperdaceous fungus, Arachnion album (Agaricales, Arachniaceae), newly found in Japan". Mycoscience. 47 (6): 385–387. doi:10.1007/s10267-006-0316-6. S2CID 84744299.
- ^ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 23rd December 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2016-01-14.
- ^ a b Verwoerd L. (1926). "Addisionele beskrywings van enkele Suid-Afrikaanse Gasteromycetes" (PDF). South African Journal of Science. 23: 290–294.
- ^ Montagne JPFC. (1849). "Sixièmes Centurie de plantes cellulaires nouvelles, tant indigènes qu'exotiques. Décades III à VI". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique. III (in French). 11: 33–66.
- ^ Spegazzini C. (1906). "Mycetes Argentinenses (series III)". Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires. III. 16 (9): 25–33.
- ^ Quadraccia L. (1996). "Studies on Italian Gasteromycetes. I. Two new species of Arachnion and Radiigera (Basidiomycotina, Lycoperdales) from Rome and its environs". Mycotaxon. 58: 331–341.
- ^ a b Demoulin V. (1972). "Observations sur le genre Arachnion Schw. (Gasteromycetes)". Nova Hedwigia (in French). 21: 641–655.
- ^ Lloyd CG. (1906). "Mycological Notes 21". Mycological Writiings. 2 (21): 245–260.
- ^ Lloyd CG. (1915). "Mycological Notes 39". Mycological Writings. 4: 525–540.