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Aprus (Thrace)

January 01, 1970

Aprus or Apros (Ancient Greek: Ἄπρος), also Apri or Aproi (Ἄπροι), was a town of ancient Thrace and, later, a Roman city established in the Roman province of Europa.

History edit

Stephanus of Byzantium collects a quote of Theopompus that mentions Aprus.[1] Pliny the Elder notes that Aprus is situated in the interior of Thrace, 22 M.P. from Resisto (likely the same as Bisanthe), 50 Roman miles from Bizya and 180 Roman miles from Philippi.[2]

The city was re-founded as Colonia Claudia Aprensis in the mid-1st century AD, probably in connection with the emperor Claudius's annexation of Thracia, and was intended for retired members of the Roman military. It was situated on the Via Egnatia that ran from the Adriatic coast in the province of Illyricum to Byzantium, the city that was to become Constantinople.[3][4]

In the 4th century, Aprus was the principal city of the region southwest of Heraclea, the capital of the province.

The city was called Theodosiopolis in documents of the 6th century,[5] in honour of Theodosius II, emperor from 401 to 450, or of Theodosius I (347–395).

After the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade (1204), the Henry of Flanders, brother of Baldwin I, attacked the city and behaved savagely towards the citizens.[6] The Latin Empire made Theodore Branas (called Li Vernas by Geoffroi de Villehardouin) lord of Aprus. In 1206, Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria destroyed the city, but Branas rebuilt it.

In the Battle of Apros of July 1305, the Catalan Company annihilated the Byzantine imperial army under Michael IX Palaiologos.

Site edit

Its location is near the modern Turkish village of Kermeyan.[7][8]

Name edit

In Armenian the town is known as Garin, In Greek Karenitis and in Arabic as Kalikelah. The Romans named the town Colonia Claudia Aprensis,[9] and the Byzantines called it Apros and latter Theodosiopolis.

Ecclesiastical history edit

The former archbishopric was a double Catholic titular archbishopric - under the name Theodosiopolis ante Apri it was the only Bulgarian Catholic titular see, but has been suppressed as such, yet it remains a Latin titular see as Aprus.

Archbishopric edit

In a Notitia Episcopatuum of about 640, the bishopric appears as an autocephalous archdiocese and as the 22nd in order of precedence among 34 sees dependent upon the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Perhaps due to error, it is missing from the next such document, composed at the start of the 10th century, but reappears in the middle of the same century. In the 15th century it was dropped from the official lists of the dioceses dependent on the Patriarchate of Constantinople.[5][10]

No longer a residential diocese, it has been listed by the Catholic Church as a double titular see, but remains only Latin[11]

Latin titular see edit

No later than 1848, the diocese was nominally restored as a Latin Episcopal as Titular bishopric under the names of Theodosiopolis (Latin) / Teodosiopoli (Curiate Italian) / Apri / Apros / Aprus.

It was repeatedly renamed : in 1926 as Titular Episcopal See of Theodosiopolis (Latin) / Teodosiopoli d’Europa (Italian) / Apri / Apros / Aprus; in 1929 as Titular Episcopal See of Theodosiopolis (Latin) / Teodosiopoli di Frigia (Italian) and in 1930 as Titular Episcopal See of Theodosiopolis (Latin) / Teodosiopoli d’Europa (Italian) / Apri / Apros / Aprus.

In 1931 it was suppressed, having had the following incumbents, however none of the then fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank, all of the higher (and present) Archiepiscopal (intermediary) rank  :

  • Antonius Merciai, Dominican Order (O.P.) (?Italian?) (1848.12.11 – death 1850.10.22), no prelature
  • Giovanni Tommaso Neuschel (1852.09.17 – death 1863.12.10) (born Italy) as emeritate and promoted for the former Titular Bishop of Troas (1828 – 1828.09.30), Bishop of Guastalla (Italy) (1828.09.30 – 1836.11.21), Bishop of Borgo San Donnino (Italy) (1836.11.21 – 1843.01.27), Bishop of Parma (Italy) (1843.01.27 – retired 1852.09.17)
  • Henri-Marie Amanton, O.P. (born France) (1865.03.11 – death 1869.10.12) as emeritate and promotion for the papal diplomat, former Titular Bishop of Arcadiopolis (1857.03.10 – 1865.03.11) as Apostolic Delegate to Mesopotamia, Kurdistan and Lesser Armenia (1857.03.10 – 1865.03.27)
  • Josyf Sembratovyc (1882.12.22 – death 1900.10.23) as emeritate, previously Titular Archbishop of Nazianzus (1865.03.24 – 1870.06.27) as Apostolic Administrator of Przemyśl of the Ukrainians (Poland) (1867.10.01 – 1870.06.27), Metropolitan of Lviv of the Ukrainians (Ukraine) (1870.06.27 – 1882.11.11)
  • Pietro Maglione (1900.12.17 – death 1903.04.13) (born Italy), as emeritate and promotion, previously Bishop of Cariati (Italy) (1874.06.15 – 1876.12.18), Bishop of Capaccio–Vallo (Italy) (1876.12.18 – 1900.12.17)
  • Nicola Marconi, Friars Minor O.F.M. (1911.01.21 – death 1930.04.11) (born Italy) as emeritate and promotion for the former Bishop of Pult (Albania) (1890.12.23 – 1911.01.21).

In 1933 however, it was restored, renamed and promoted as Titular archbishopric of Aprus (Latin) / Apro (Italian) / Apren(sis) (Latin adjective).

It has been vacant for several decades, having had the following incumbents, so far of the now fitting Archiepiscopal (intermediary) rank;

  • Giuseppe Lojacono (1939.06.01 – death 1945.03.13) (born Italy) as emeritate and promotion for the former Bishop of Ariano (Italy) (1918.11.04 – 1939.06.01)
  • Ercolano Marini (1945.10.03 – 1945.10.27) (born Italy) as emeritate, previously Titular Bishop of Archelaïs (1904.06.29 – 1905.12.11) as Auxiliary Bishop of Spoleto (Italy) (1904.06.29 – 1905.12.11), Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Norcia (Italy) (1905.12.11 – 1915.06.02), Archbishop of Amalfi (Italy) (1915.06.02 – 1945.10.27); however quickly 'transferred' Titular Archbishop of Adana (1945.10.27 – 1950.11.16)
  • Arthur Hughes, White Fathers (M. Afr.) (born England, UK) (1947.08.23 – death 1949.07.12) as papal diplomat : Apostolic Internuncio to Egypt (1947.08.23 – 1949.07.12); previously (honorary) Titular Bishop of Hieropolis (1945.03.03 – 1947.08.23)
  • Philip Francis Pocock (1951.08.06 – 1952.01.14) (born Canada) as Coadjutor Archbishop of Winnipeg (Canada) (1951.08.06 – 1952.01.14); later succeeding as Archbishop of Winnipeg (1952.01.14 – 1961.02.18), Titular Archbishop of Isauropolis (1961.02.18 – 1971.03.30) as Coadjutor Archbishop of Toronto (Ontario, Canada) (1961.02.18 – 1971.03.30) succeeding as Metropolitan Archbishop of Toronto (Canada) (1971.03.30 – 1978.04.29); previously Bishop of Saskatoon (Canada) (1944.04.07 – 1951.08.06)
  • Antonio Gregorio Vuccino, Assumptionists (A.A.) (?Italian?) (1952.07.06 – 1968.04.23) as emeritate, previously Bishop of Syros (insular Greece) (1937.06.09 – 1947.05.29), Metropolitan Archbishop of Corfu–Zakynthos–Kefalonia (insular Greece) (1947.05.29 – 1952.07.06).

Bulgarian Catholic titular see edit

No later than 1907, it was also and separately restored as the only-ever titular see of the particular Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic Church (Bulgarian Catholics of the Byzantine Rite) as Titular archbishopric of Theodosiopolis ante Apri (Latin) / Teodosiopoli (Curiate Italian).

In 1924 it was suppressed, having had a single incumbent of the fitting Archiepiscopal (intermediary) rank :

  • Michail Miroff (1907.01.08 – death 1923), no actual prelature.

References edit

  1. ^ Stephanus of Byzantium. Ethnica. Vol. Ἄπρος.
  2. ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia. Vol. 4.18.
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-07-28. Retrieved 2014-07-26.
  4. ^ UNRV History: Thracia
  5. ^ a b Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 1125-1128
  6. ^ Niketas Choniates, Annals, 621
  7. ^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 52, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
  8. ^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
  9. ^ Ptolemy, "Geographia", vol.111, cap. xi, p.7
  10. ^ Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 427
  11. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 836

Sources edit

  • Külzer, Andreas (2008). Tabula Imperii Byzantini: Band 12, Ostthrakien (Eurōpē) (in German). Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 255–259. ISBN 978-3-7001-3945-4.
  • GCatholic - Latin titular see
  • GCatholic - former Bulgarian Catholic titular see

40°55′37″N 27°06′26″E / 40.9269409°N 27.1073556°E / 40.9269409; 27.1073556

January 01, 1970
aprus, thrace, aprus, apros, ancient, greek, Ἄπρος, also, apri, aproi, Ἄπροι, town, ancient, thrace, later, roman, city, established, roman, province, europa, contents, history, site, name, ecclesiastical, history, archbishopric, latin, titular, bulgarian, cat. Aprus or Apros Ancient Greek Ἄpros also Apri or Aproi Ἄproi was a town of ancient Thrace and later a Roman city established in the Roman province of Europa Contents 1 History 2 Site 3 Name 4 Ecclesiastical history 4 1 Archbishopric 4 2 Latin titular see 4 3 Bulgarian Catholic titular see 5 References 6 SourcesHistory editStephanus of Byzantium collects a quote of Theopompus that mentions Aprus 1 Pliny the Elder notes that Aprus is situated in the interior of Thrace 22 M P from Resisto likely the same as Bisanthe 50 Roman miles from Bizya and 180 Roman miles from Philippi 2 The city was re founded as Colonia Claudia Aprensis in the mid 1st century AD probably in connection with the emperor Claudius s annexation of Thracia and was intended for retired members of the Roman military It was situated on the Via Egnatia that ran from the Adriatic coast in the province of Illyricum to Byzantium the city that was to become Constantinople 3 4 In the 4th century Aprus was the principal city of the region southwest of Heraclea the capital of the province The city was called Theodosiopolis in documents of the 6th century 5 in honour of Theodosius II emperor from 401 to 450 or of Theodosius I 347 395 After the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade 1204 the Henry of Flanders brother of Baldwin I attacked the city and behaved savagely towards the citizens 6 The Latin Empire made Theodore Branas called Li Vernas by Geoffroi de Villehardouin lord of Aprus In 1206 Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria destroyed the city but Branas rebuilt it In the Battle of Apros of July 1305 the Catalan Company annihilated the Byzantine imperial army under Michael IX Palaiologos Site editIts location is near the modern Turkish village of Kermeyan 7 8 Name editIn Armenian the town is known as Garin In Greek Karenitis and in Arabic as Kalikelah The Romans named the town Colonia Claudia Aprensis 9 and the Byzantines called it Apros and latter Theodosiopolis Ecclesiastical history editThe former archbishopric was a double Catholic titular archbishopric under the name Theodosiopolis ante Apri it was the only Bulgarian Catholic titular see but has been suppressed as such yet it remains a Latin titular see as Aprus Archbishopric edit In a Notitia Episcopatuum of about 640 the bishopric appears as an autocephalous archdiocese and as the 22nd in order of precedence among 34 sees dependent upon the Patriarchate of Constantinople Perhaps due to error it is missing from the next such document composed at the start of the 10th century but reappears in the middle of the same century In the 15th century it was dropped from the official lists of the dioceses dependent on the Patriarchate of Constantinople 5 10 No longer a residential diocese it has been listed by the Catholic Church as a double titular see but remains only Latin 11 Latin titular see edit No later than 1848 the diocese was nominally restored as a Latin Episcopal as Titular bishopric under the names of Theodosiopolis Latin Teodosiopoli Curiate Italian Apri Apros Aprus It was repeatedly renamed in 1926 as Titular Episcopal See of Theodosiopolis Latin Teodosiopoli d Europa Italian Apri Apros Aprus in 1929 as Titular Episcopal See of Theodosiopolis Latin Teodosiopoli di Frigia Italian and in 1930 as Titular Episcopal See of Theodosiopolis Latin Teodosiopoli d Europa Italian Apri Apros Aprus In 1931 it was suppressed having had the following incumbents however none of the then fitting Episcopal lowest rank all of the higher and present Archiepiscopal intermediary rank Antonius Merciai Dominican Order O P Italian 1848 12 11 death 1850 10 22 no prelature Giovanni Tommaso Neuschel 1852 09 17 death 1863 12 10 born Italy as emeritate and promoted for the former Titular Bishop of Troas 1828 1828 09 30 Bishop of Guastalla Italy 1828 09 30 1836 11 21 Bishop of Borgo San Donnino Italy 1836 11 21 1843 01 27 Bishop of Parma Italy 1843 01 27 retired 1852 09 17 Henri Marie Amanton O P born France 1865 03 11 death 1869 10 12 as emeritate and promotion for the papal diplomat former Titular Bishop of Arcadiopolis 1857 03 10 1865 03 11 as Apostolic Delegate to Mesopotamia Kurdistan and Lesser Armenia 1857 03 10 1865 03 27 Josyf Sembratovyc 1882 12 22 death 1900 10 23 as emeritate previously Titular Archbishop of Nazianzus 1865 03 24 1870 06 27 as Apostolic Administrator of Przemysl of the Ukrainians Poland 1867 10 01 1870 06 27 Metropolitan of Lviv of the Ukrainians Ukraine 1870 06 27 1882 11 11 Pietro Maglione 1900 12 17 death 1903 04 13 born Italy as emeritate and promotion previously Bishop of Cariati Italy 1874 06 15 1876 12 18 Bishop of Capaccio Vallo Italy 1876 12 18 1900 12 17 Nicola Marconi Friars Minor O F M 1911 01 21 death 1930 04 11 born Italy as emeritate and promotion for the former Bishop of Pult Albania 1890 12 23 1911 01 21 In 1933 however it was restored renamed and promoted as Titular archbishopric of Aprus Latin Apro Italian Apren sis Latin adjective It has been vacant for several decades having had the following incumbents so far of the now fitting Archiepiscopal intermediary rank Giuseppe Lojacono 1939 06 01 death 1945 03 13 born Italy as emeritate and promotion for the former Bishop of Ariano Italy 1918 11 04 1939 06 01 Ercolano Marini 1945 10 03 1945 10 27 born Italy as emeritate previously Titular Bishop of Archelais 1904 06 29 1905 12 11 as Auxiliary Bishop of Spoleto Italy 1904 06 29 1905 12 11 Bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Norcia Italy 1905 12 11 1915 06 02 Archbishop of Amalfi Italy 1915 06 02 1945 10 27 however quickly transferred Titular Archbishop of Adana 1945 10 27 1950 11 16 Arthur Hughes White Fathers M Afr born England UK 1947 08 23 death 1949 07 12 as papal diplomat Apostolic Internuncio to Egypt 1947 08 23 1949 07 12 previously honorary Titular Bishop of Hieropolis 1945 03 03 1947 08 23 Philip Francis Pocock 1951 08 06 1952 01 14 born Canada as Coadjutor Archbishop of Winnipeg Canada 1951 08 06 1952 01 14 later succeeding as Archbishop of Winnipeg 1952 01 14 1961 02 18 Titular Archbishop of Isauropolis 1961 02 18 1971 03 30 as Coadjutor Archbishop of Toronto Ontario Canada 1961 02 18 1971 03 30 succeeding as Metropolitan Archbishop of Toronto Canada 1971 03 30 1978 04 29 previously Bishop of Saskatoon Canada 1944 04 07 1951 08 06 Antonio Gregorio Vuccino Assumptionists A A Italian 1952 07 06 1968 04 23 as emeritate previously Bishop of Syros insular Greece 1937 06 09 1947 05 29 Metropolitan Archbishop of Corfu Zakynthos Kefalonia insular Greece 1947 05 29 1952 07 06 Bulgarian Catholic titular see edit No later than 1907 it was also and separately restored as the only ever titular see of the particular Bulgarian Byzantine Catholic Church Bulgarian Catholics of the Byzantine Rite as Titular archbishopric of Theodosiopolis ante Apri Latin Teodosiopoli Curiate Italian In 1924 it was suppressed having had a single incumbent of the fitting Archiepiscopal intermediary rank Michail Miroff 1907 01 08 death 1923 no actual prelature References edit Stephanus of Byzantium Ethnica Vol Ἄpros Pliny Naturalis Historia Vol 4 18 Apri Village de Kermeyan Archived from the original on 2014 07 28 Retrieved 2014 07 26 UNRV History Thracia a b Michel Lequien Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus Paris 1740 Vol I coll 1125 1128 Niketas Choniates Annals 621 Richard Talbert ed 2000 Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World Princeton University Press p 52 and directory notes accompanying ISBN 978 0 691 03169 9 Lund University Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire Ptolemy Geographia vol 111 cap xi p 7 Pius Bonifacius Gams Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae Leipzig 1931 p 427 Annuario Pontificio 2013 Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978 88 209 9070 1 p 836Sources editKulzer Andreas 2008 Tabula Imperii Byzantini Band 12 Ostthrakien Eurōpe in German Vienna Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften pp 255 259 ISBN 978 3 7001 3945 4 GCatholic Latin titular see GCatholic former Bulgarian Catholic titular see 40 55 37 N 27 06 26 E 40 9269409 N 27 1073556 E 40 9269409 27 1073556 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aprus Thrace amp oldid 1179530139, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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