An appoggiatura (/əˌpɒdʒəˈtjʊərə/ə-POJ-ə-TURE-ə, Italian: [appoddʒaˈtuːra]; German: Vorschlag or Vorhalt; French: port de voix) is a musical ornament that consists of an added non-chord note in a melody that is resolved to the regular note of the chord. By putting the non-chord tone on a strong beat, (typically the first or third beats of the measure, in 4/4 time) this accents the appoggiatura note, which also delays the appearance of the principal, expected chord note. The added non-chord note, or auxiliary note, is typically one degree higher or lower than the principal note, and may be chromatically altered. An appoggiatura may be added to a melody in a vocal song or in an instrumental work.
The term comes from the Italian verb appoggiare, "to lean upon". The appoggiatura is often used to express emotional "yearning". It is also called a long appoggiatura to distinguish it from the short appoggiatura, the acciaccatura. An ascending appoggiatura was previously known as a forefall, while a descending appoggiatura was known as a backfall.
The appoggiatura is often written as a grace note prefixed to a principal note and printed in small character, usually without the oblique stroke:
This may be executed as follows:
The same notation can be used for other interpretations of the grace note; therefore determining that an appoggiatura is intended depends on performance practice.
An appoggiatura may also be notated precisely as it should be performed, with full-size notes, to reduce ambiguity.
So-called unaccented appoggiaturas are also quite common in many periods of music, even though they are disapproved of by some early theorists (for example, by C. P. E. Bach, in his Versuch über die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen [de]). While not being identical with the acciaccatura, these are almost always quite short, and take their time from the allocation for the note that precedes them. They are more likely to be seen as full-size notes in the score, rather than in small character – at least in modern editions.
The double appoggiatura (Ital. Appoggiatura doppia; Ger. Doppelvorschlag; Fr. Port de voix double) is an ornament composed of two short notes preceding a principal note, one placed above and the other below it. They are usually written as small sixteenth notes.
The first of the two may be at any distance from the principal note, but the second is only one degree removed from it. They have no fixed duration, but are generally slower when applied to a long note (Ex. 1) than when the principal note is short (Ex. 2); moreover, the double appoggiatura, in which the first note lies at a distance from the principal note, should always be somewhat slower than that in which both notes are close to it (Ex. 3). In all cases, the time required for both notes is subtracted from the value of the principal note.
The double appoggiatura is sometimes, though rarely, met with in an inverted form (Ex. 4), and C. P. E. Bach mentions another exceptional kind, in which the first of the two small notes is dotted, and receives the whole accent, while the principal note becomes as short as the second of the two small notes (Ex. 5)
The dotted double appoggiatura, written as above, is of very rare occurrence; but it is frequently found in the works of Mozart, Beethoven, etc., written in notes of ordinary size, for example, in the third measure of Beethoven's Waldstein Sonata:
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Appoggiatura source source A passage with two phrases ending in appoggiaturas followed by these phrases without them 160 KB Problems playing this file See media help An appoggiatura e ˌ p ɒ dʒ e ˈ tj ʊer e e POJ e TURE e Italian appoddʒaˈtuːra German Vorschlag or Vorhalt French port de voix is a musical ornament that consists of an added non chord note in a melody that is resolved to the regular note of the chord By putting the non chord tone on a strong beat typically the first or third beats of the measure in 4 4 time this accents the appoggiatura note which also delays the appearance of the principal expected chord note The added non chord note or auxiliary note is typically one degree higher or lower than the principal note and may be chromatically altered An appoggiatura may be added to a melody in a vocal song or in an instrumental work The term comes from the Italian verb appoggiare to lean upon The appoggiatura is often used to express emotional yearning It is also called a long appoggiatura to distinguish it from the short appoggiatura the acciaccatura An ascending appoggiatura was previously known as a forefall while a descending appoggiatura was known as a backfall Contents 1 Notation 2 Unaccented appoggiatura 3 Double appoggiatura 4 Appoggiaturas approached by step 5 Examples in popular musicNotation EditThe appoggiatura is often written as a grace note prefixed to a principal note and printed in small character usually without the oblique stroke This may be executed as follows The same notation can be used for other interpretations of the grace note therefore determining that an appoggiatura is intended depends on performance practice An appoggiatura may also be notated precisely as it should be performed with full size notes to reduce ambiguity Unaccented appoggiatura EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message So called unaccented appoggiaturas are also quite common in many periods of music even though they are disapproved of by some early theorists for example by C P E Bach in his Versuch uber die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen de While not being identical with the acciaccatura these are almost always quite short and take their time from the allocation for the note that precedes them They are more likely to be seen as full size notes in the score rather than in small character at least in modern editions Double appoggiatura EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The double appoggiatura Ital Appoggiatura doppia Ger Doppelvorschlag Fr Port de voix double is an ornament composed of two short notes preceding a principal note one placed above and the other below it They are usually written as small sixteenth notes The first of the two may be at any distance from the principal note but the second is only one degree removed from it They have no fixed duration but are generally slower when applied to a long note Ex 1 than when the principal note is short Ex 2 moreover the double appoggiatura in which the first note lies at a distance from the principal note should always be somewhat slower than that in which both notes are close to it Ex 3 In all cases the time required for both notes is subtracted from the value of the principal note The double appoggiatura is sometimes though rarely met with in an inverted form Ex 4 and C P E Bach mentions another exceptional kind in which the first of the two small notes is dotted and receives the whole accent while the principal note becomes as short as the second of the two small notes Ex 5 The dotted double appoggiatura written as above is of very rare occurrence but it is frequently found in the works of Mozart Beethoven etc written in notes of ordinary size for example in the third measure of Beethoven s Waldstein Sonata source Audio playback is not supported in your browser You can download the audio file Appoggiaturas approached by step Edit Appoggiatura approached and left by step Although appoggiaturas are often approached by leap and resolved by step there are examples of approached and resolution both taking place by step One such example is present in Schubert s Wiegenlied D 867 Examples in popular music EditAppoggiaturias can also be found in many popular songs as they grab a listener s attention especially when placed in the vocal melody Beatles songs that make use of this technique appoggiaturias underlined in the sung syllables below Yesterday Yes ter day all my troubles seemed so far away Now it looks as though they re here to stay Yes G note over F major chord far E note over D minor chord here Bb note over F major chord In My Life There are pla ces I ll re mem ber all my li ife though some have changed Pla B note over A major chord mem E note over F minor chord li D note over B major chord This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Grove George ed 1900 Appoggiatura Double A Dictionary of Music and Musicians London Macmillan and Company Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Appoggiatura amp oldid 1116363894, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
