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Apostolic Nunciature to Cologne

January 06, 2023

The Apostolic Nunciature to Cologne (also Italian: Nunziatura di Germania inferiore, i.e. Nunciature of Lower Germany) was an ecclesiastical office of the Roman Catholic Church established in 1584. The nuncios were accredited to the Archbishop-Electorates of Cologne, Mainz and Trier. It was a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative was called the Apostolic Nuncio at Cologne, one of the states of the Holy Roman Empire. The office of the nunciature was located in Cologne until 1795, when France occupied the city. The last nuncio, officiating until 1804, resided in Augsburg, while the Archbishop-Electorate had been dissolved in 1803.

Two nuncios and one apostolic delegate at Cologne later became popes: Pope Urban VII, Pope Alexander VII and Pope Leo XII.

History

An apostolic nuncio at Cologne was appointed in 1584 on the instigation of Emperor Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire.[1] Following the Council of Trient, apostolic delegates had already been appointed at Cologne in order to contain the spreading of Protestantism in the Empire. The Archbishop-Electorate of Cologne was chosen for being a stronghold of Catholicism in the northwest of the Empire in vicinity to areas where Calvinism (Bremen, Dutch Republic, East Frisia, Lippe) and Lutheranism (elsewhere in Northern Germany) were gaining more and more support. The Rhenish Archbishop-Electorates were further important as providing already three of the then-seven votes within the election body for the imperial successors.

The political role of the apostolic nuncio at Cologne was essential for participating in some events of political life of the Empire such as the imperial diets (in 1594 and 1622) and the imperial elections in Frankfurt upon Main (in 1612 and 1658). The nuncio also participated in the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia (1644-1648) in Münster and Osnabrück, ending the Thirty Years' War, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), Cologne's abandon in the Franco–Dutch War (1673-1674), and the Peace of Utrecht (1713).

Besides Cologne, Mainz, and Trier, the nuncios could wield their jurisdiction undisputedly for the prince-bishoprics of Hildesheim, Liège, Osnabrück, Paderborn, and Würzburg. In 1596, the Low Countries (Netherlands) were detached from the nunciature of Cologne, receiving their own nuncio in Brussels.[1]

On the instigation of Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, another nunciature was established by Pope Pius VI in Munich.[1] This caused a conflict between the nunciature at Cologne and the Apostolic Nunciature to Bavaria as to their competences. The appointment of Giulio Cesare Zoglio as Bavarian nuncio angered the archbishop-electors of Cologne, Mainz, and Trier, who considered the nuncio to Cologne to be competent for all the Empire.[1] Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, sided with the electors, and declared he would recognise nuncios in their "political character" only.[1] The nunciature at Cologne ceased to exist in 1804. After the Congress of Vienna, the nunciature was not reestablished, while the Bavarian nunciature, also interrupted in 1800 during the Napoleonic Wars, resurged in 1818 and persisted until 1934. Germany as a whole concluded diplomatic ties with the Holy See on 1 May 1920, establishing the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany.

Apostolic delegates at Cologne

Apostolic nuncios at Cologne

  • 1584–1587: Giovanni Francesco Bonomi (= Bonhomini), Bishop of Vercelli
  • 1587–1596: Ottavio Mirto Frangipani, bishop of Cajazzo, bishop of Tricarico since 1592
  • 1593/98–1606: Coriolano Garzadoro, Bishop of Ossero
  • 1606–1610: Attilio Amalteo, archbishop of the titulature of Athens
  • 1610–1621: Antonio Albergati, bishop of Bisceglie
  • 1621–1624: Pietro Francesco Montoro, bishop of Nicastro
  • 1624–1634: Pier Luigi Carafa, bishop of Tricarico
  • 1634–1639: Martino Alfieri, archbishop of Isola, Archbishop of Cosenza since 1639
  • 1639–1651: Fabio Chigi, bishop of Nardò, future Pope Alexander VII
  • 1651–1659: Giuseppe Maria Sanfelice, archbishop of Cosenza
  • 1659–1666: Marco Gallio, bishop of Rimini
  • 1666–1670: Agostino Franciotti, archbishop of the titulature of Trapezunt
  • 1670–1672: Francesco Buonvisi, archbishop of the titulature of Thessalonica, later Nuncio to Poland and Austria, cardinal
  • 1672–1680: Opizio Pallavicini, archbishop of the titulature of Ephesus
  • 1680–1687 Ercole Visconti, archbishop of the titulature of Damietta
  • 1687–1690: Sebastiano Antonio Tanara, archbishop of the titulature of Damascus
  • 1690–1696: Gianantonio Davia, archbishop of the titulature of Thebae
  • 1696–1698: Fabrizio Paolucci di Calboli, Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino, Archbishop of Ferrara since 1698, future Cardinal Bishop of Ostia
  • 1698–1702: Orazio Filippo Spada, archbishop of the titulature of Thebae
  • 1703–1706: Giulio Piazza, archbishop of the titulature of Rodi
  • 1706–1712: Giambattista Bussi, archbishop of the titulature of Tarsos
  • 1712/13-1721: Girolamo Archinto, archbishop of the titulature of Tarsos
  • 1721–1722: Vincenzo Santini, archbishop of the titulature of Trapezunt
  • 1722–1732: Gaetano de'Cavalieri, archbishop of the titulature of Tarsos
  • 1732–1735: Jacopo Oddi, archbishop of the titulature of Laodicea
  • 1735–1738: Fabrizio Serbelloni, archbishop of the titulature of Patrasso
  • 1740–1744: Ignazio Michele Crivelli, archbishop of the titulature of Caesarea
  • 1744–1754: Girolamo Spinola, archbishop of the titulature of Laodicea
  • 1754–1760: Niccolò Oddi, archbishop of the titulature of Trajanopolis
  • 1760–1767: Cesare Alberico Lucini, archbishop of the titulature of Nicaea
  • 1766/67–1775: Giovanni Battista Caprara Montecuccoli, archbishop of the titulature of Iconium, nuncio to Vienna and Paris, later archbishop of Milano and cardinal
  • 1775–1785: Carlo Antonio Giuseppe Bellisomi, archbishop of the titulature of Tyana, Nuncio to Portugal
  • 1786–1794: Bartolomeo Pacca, archbishop of the titulature of Damiette
  • 1794–1804: Annibale della Genga, archbishop of the titulature of Tyrus, last nuncio to Cologne and future Pope Leo XII, due to the French occupation and annexation of Cologne (1795, 1801) last officiating from Augsburg

Literature

  • Michael F. Feldkamp, "Die Erforschung der Kölner Nuntiatur: Geschichte und Ausblick. Mit einem Verzeichnis der Amtsdaten der Nuntien und Administratoren (Interimsverwalter) der Kölner Nuntiatur (1584–1794)", in: Archivum Historiae Pontificiae, Pontif. Univ. Gregoriana (ed.), vol. 28 (1990), pp. 201–283.
  • Michael F. Feldkamp, Studien und Texte zur Geschichte der Kölner Nuntiatur: 4 vols., vol. 1: 'Die Kölner Nuntiatur und ihr Archiv. Eine archiv- und quellenkundliche Untersuchung' (1993; ISBN 978-88-85042-22-3); vol. 2: 'Dokumente und Materialien über Jurisdiktion, Nuntiatursprengel, Haushalt, Zeremoniell und Verwaltung der Kölner Nuntiatur (1584–1794)' (1995; ISBN 978-88-85042-21-6); vol. 3: 'Inventar des Fonds »Archivio della Nunziatura di Colonia« im Vatikanischen Archiv' (1995; ISBN 978-88-85042-27-8); vol. 4: 'Die Instruktionen und Finalrelationen der Kölner Nuntien von 1651 bis 1786' (2008; ISBN 978-88-85042-51-3), (=Collectanea Archivi Vaticani, vols. 30–33), Città del Vaticano: Archivio Vaticano, 1993–2008.
  • Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland, nebst ergänzenden Aktenstücken: Die Kölner Nuntiatur: so far 20 vols., edited on behalf of the Preussisches Historisches Institut (Roma; now Deutsches Historisches Institut), Görres-Gesellschaft zur Pflege der Wissenschaft, and Akademie der Wissenschaften (Vienna), Paderborn et al.: Schöningh, 1895 to present.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Nuncio" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

January 06, 2023
apostolic, nunciature, cologne, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, js. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Apostolic Nunciature to Cologne news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Apostolic Nunciature to Cologne also Italian Nunziatura di Germania inferiore i e Nunciature of Lower Germany was an ecclesiastical office of the Roman Catholic Church established in 1584 The nuncios were accredited to the Archbishop Electorates of Cologne Mainz and Trier It was a diplomatic post of the Holy See whose representative was called the Apostolic Nuncio at Cologne one of the states of the Holy Roman Empire The office of the nunciature was located in Cologne until 1795 when France occupied the city The last nuncio officiating until 1804 resided in Augsburg while the Archbishop Electorate had been dissolved in 1803 Two nuncios and one apostolic delegate at Cologne later became popes Pope Urban VII Pope Alexander VII and Pope Leo XII Contents 1 History 2 Apostolic delegates at Cologne 3 Apostolic nuncios at Cologne 4 Literature 5 ReferencesHistory EditAn apostolic nuncio at Cologne was appointed in 1584 on the instigation of Emperor Rudolph II of the Holy Roman Empire 1 Following the Council of Trient apostolic delegates had already been appointed at Cologne in order to contain the spreading of Protestantism in the Empire The Archbishop Electorate of Cologne was chosen for being a stronghold of Catholicism in the northwest of the Empire in vicinity to areas where Calvinism Bremen Dutch Republic East Frisia Lippe and Lutheranism elsewhere in Northern Germany were gaining more and more support The Rhenish Archbishop Electorates were further important as providing already three of the then seven votes within the election body for the imperial successors The political role of the apostolic nuncio at Cologne was essential for participating in some events of political life of the Empire such as the imperial diets in 1594 and 1622 and the imperial elections in Frankfurt upon Main in 1612 and 1658 The nuncio also participated in the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia 1644 1648 in Munster and Osnabruck ending the Thirty Years War the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle 1668 Cologne s abandon in the Franco Dutch War 1673 1674 and the Peace of Utrecht 1713 Besides Cologne Mainz and Trier the nuncios could wield their jurisdiction undisputedly for the prince bishoprics of Hildesheim Liege Osnabruck Paderborn and Wurzburg In 1596 the Low Countries Netherlands were detached from the nunciature of Cologne receiving their own nuncio in Brussels 1 On the instigation of Charles Theodore Elector of Bavaria another nunciature was established by Pope Pius VI in Munich 1 This caused a conflict between the nunciature at Cologne and the Apostolic Nunciature to Bavaria as to their competences The appointment of Giulio Cesare Zoglio as Bavarian nuncio angered the archbishop electors of Cologne Mainz and Trier who considered the nuncio to Cologne to be competent for all the Empire 1 Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor sided with the electors and declared he would recognise nuncios in their political character only 1 The nunciature at Cologne ceased to exist in 1804 After the Congress of Vienna the nunciature was not reestablished while the Bavarian nunciature also interrupted in 1800 during the Napoleonic Wars resurged in 1818 and persisted until 1934 Germany as a whole concluded diplomatic ties with the Holy See on 1 May 1920 establishing the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany Apostolic delegates at Cologne Edit1520 Hieronymus Aleander 1573 1576 Kaspar Gropper ranked nuncio 1576 1578 Bartolomeo Portia 1578 1579 Giovanni Battista Castagna future Pope Urban VII 1583 Minutio Minucci 1583 Giovanni Francesco Bonomi Bishop of VercelliApostolic nuncios at Cologne Edit1584 1587 Giovanni Francesco Bonomi Bonhomini Bishop of Vercelli 1587 1596 Ottavio Mirto Frangipani bishop of Cajazzo bishop of Tricarico since 1592 1593 98 1606 Coriolano Garzadoro Bishop of Ossero 1606 1610 Attilio Amalteo archbishop of the titulature of Athens 1610 1621 Antonio Albergati bishop of Bisceglie 1621 1624 Pietro Francesco Montoro bishop of Nicastro 1624 1634 Pier Luigi Carafa bishop of Tricarico 1634 1639 Martino Alfieri archbishop of Isola Archbishop of Cosenza since 1639 1639 1651 Fabio Chigi bishop of Nardo future Pope Alexander VII 1651 1659 Giuseppe Maria Sanfelice archbishop of Cosenza 1659 1666 Marco Gallio bishop of Rimini 1666 1670 Agostino Franciotti archbishop of the titulature of Trapezunt 1670 1672 Francesco Buonvisi archbishop of the titulature of Thessalonica later Nuncio to Poland and Austria cardinal 1672 1680 Opizio Pallavicini archbishop of the titulature of Ephesus 1680 1687 Ercole Visconti archbishop of the titulature of Damietta 1687 1690 Sebastiano Antonio Tanara archbishop of the titulature of Damascus 1690 1696 Gianantonio Davia archbishop of the titulature of Thebae 1696 1698 Fabrizio Paolucci di Calboli Bishop of Macerata and Tolentino Archbishop of Ferrara since 1698 future Cardinal Bishop of Ostia 1698 1702 Orazio Filippo Spada archbishop of the titulature of Thebae 1703 1706 Giulio Piazza archbishop of the titulature of Rodi 1706 1712 Giambattista Bussi archbishop of the titulature of Tarsos 1712 13 1721 Girolamo Archinto archbishop of the titulature of Tarsos 1721 1722 Vincenzo Santini archbishop of the titulature of Trapezunt 1722 1732 Gaetano de Cavalieri archbishop of the titulature of Tarsos 1732 1735 Jacopo Oddi archbishop of the titulature of Laodicea 1735 1738 Fabrizio Serbelloni archbishop of the titulature of Patrasso 1740 1744 Ignazio Michele Crivelli archbishop of the titulature of Caesarea 1744 1754 Girolamo Spinola archbishop of the titulature of Laodicea 1754 1760 Niccolo Oddi archbishop of the titulature of Trajanopolis 1760 1767 Cesare Alberico Lucini archbishop of the titulature of Nicaea 1766 67 1775 Giovanni Battista Caprara Montecuccoli archbishop of the titulature of Iconium nuncio to Vienna and Paris later archbishop of Milano and cardinal 1775 1785 Carlo Antonio Giuseppe Bellisomi archbishop of the titulature of Tyana Nuncio to Portugal 1786 1794 Bartolomeo Pacca archbishop of the titulature of Damiette 1794 1804 Annibale della Genga archbishop of the titulature of Tyrus last nuncio to Cologne and future Pope Leo XII due to the French occupation and annexation of Cologne 1795 1801 last officiating from AugsburgLiterature EditMichael F Feldkamp Die Erforschung der Kolner Nuntiatur Geschichte und Ausblick Mit einem Verzeichnis der Amtsdaten der Nuntien und Administratoren Interimsverwalter der Kolner Nuntiatur 1584 1794 in Archivum Historiae Pontificiae Pontif Univ Gregoriana ed vol 28 1990 pp 201 283 Michael F Feldkamp Studien und Texte zur Geschichte der Kolner Nuntiatur 4 vols vol 1 Die Kolner Nuntiatur und ihr Archiv Eine archiv und quellenkundliche Untersuchung 1993 ISBN 978 88 85042 22 3 vol 2 Dokumente und Materialien uber Jurisdiktion Nuntiatursprengel Haushalt Zeremoniell und Verwaltung der Kolner Nuntiatur 1584 1794 1995 ISBN 978 88 85042 21 6 vol 3 Inventar des Fonds Archivio della Nunziatura di Colonia im Vatikanischen Archiv 1995 ISBN 978 88 85042 27 8 vol 4 Die Instruktionen und Finalrelationen der Kolner Nuntien von 1651 bis 1786 2008 ISBN 978 88 85042 51 3 Collectanea Archivi Vaticani vols 30 33 Citta del Vaticano Archivio Vaticano 1993 2008 Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland nebst erganzenden Aktenstucken Die Kolner Nuntiatur so far 20 vols edited on behalf of the Preussisches Historisches Institut Roma now Deutsches Historisches Institut Gorres Gesellschaft zur Pflege der Wissenschaft and Akademie der Wissenschaften Vienna Paderborn et al Schoningh 1895 to present References Edit a b c d e Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Nuncio Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Retrieved from https en 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