Apoplexy (from Ancient Greekἀποπληξία (apoplexia) 'a striking away') refers to the rupture of an internal organ and the associated symptoms. Informally or metaphorically, the term apoplexy is associated with being furious, especially as "apoplectic". Historically, it was used to describe what is now known as a hemorrhagic stroke, involving a ruptured blood vessel in the brain. However, modern health care professionals typically specify the anatomical location of the bleeding, such as cerebral, ovarian, or pituitary.[1][2][3]
From the late 14th to the late 19th century, apoplexy referred to any sudden death that began with abrupt loss of consciousness, especially when the victim died within seconds after losing consciousness. The word apoplexy was sometimes used to refer to the symptom of sudden loss of consciousness immediately preceding death. Strokes, ruptured aortic aneurysms, and even heart attacks were referred to as apoplexy in the past, because before the advent of medical science, there was limited ability to differentiate abnormal conditions and diseased states. Although physiology as a medical field dates back at least to the time of Hippocrates, until the late 19th century physicians often had inadequate or inaccurate understandings of many of the human body's normal functions and abnormal presentations. Hence, identifying a specific cause of a symptom or of death often proved difficult or impossible.[4][5][6][7][8]
Hemorrhageedit
To specify the site of bleeding, the term "apoplexy" is often accompanied by a descriptive adjective. For instance, bleeding within the pituitary gland is termed "pituitary apoplexy," and bleeding within the adrenal glands is referred to as "adrenal apoplexy."[9]
Apoplexy also includes hemorrhaging within the gland and accompanying neurological problems such as confusion, headache, and impairment of consciousness.[10]
^Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD (February 7, 2011). "Definition of Apoplexy". OED Online. Oxford University Press.
^"apoplexy". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2022 – via dictionary.reference.com.
^Coupland, AP; Thapar, A; Qureshi, MI; Jenkins, H; Davies, AH (2017). "The definition of stroke". J R Soc Med. 110 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1177/0141076816680121. PMC5298424. PMID 28084167.
^Engelhardt E (2017). "Apoplexy, cerebrovascular disease, and stroke: Historical evolution of terms and definitions". Dement Neuropsychol. 11 (4): 449–453. doi:10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040016. PMID 29354227.
^Bauer M, Lang C, Patzelt D (2001). "Sudden death due to pituitary apoplexy". Leg Med (Tokyo). 3 (3): 183–186. doi:10.1016/s1344-6223(01)00026-8. PMID 12935525.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Schutta HS, Howe HM (2006). "Seventeenth century concepts of "apoplexy" as reflected in Bonet's "Sepulchretum"". J Hist Neurosci. 15 (3): 250–268. doi:10.1080/09647040500403312.
^Lidell JA (1873). A Treatise on Apoplexy, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cerebral Embolism, Cerebral Gout, Cerebral Rheumatism, and Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. New York: W. Wood & Company.
^Kleisiaris CF, Sfakianakis C, Papathanasiou IV (2014). "Health care practices in ancient Greece: The Hippocratic ideal". J Med Ethics Hist Med. 7: 6. PMC4263393. PMID 25512827.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Bashari, WA; Myint, YMM; Win, ML; Oyibo, SO (June 13, 2020). "Adrenal Insufficiency Secondary to Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage: A Case Report". Cureus. 12 (6): e8596. doi:10.7759/cureus.8596. PMC7294864. PMID 32550089.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^Mohr, G.; Hardy, J. (1982). "Hemorrhage, necrosis, and apoplexy in pituitary adenomas". Surg Neurol. 18 (3): 181–189. doi:10.1016/0090-3019(82)90388-3. PMID 7179072.
External linksedit
The dictionary definition of apoplexy at Wiktionary
Texts on Wikisource:
Black, James Rush (April 6, 1875). "Apoplexy" . Popular Science Monthly. 6.
Mott, Frederick Walker (1911). "Apoplexy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). pp. 195–196.
January 01, 1970
apoplexy, from, ancient, greek, ἀποπληξία, apoplexia, striking, away, refers, rupture, internal, organ, associated, symptoms, informally, metaphorically, term, apoplexy, associated, with, being, furious, especially, apoplectic, historically, used, describe, wh. Apoplexy from Ancient Greek ἀpoplh3ia apoplexia a striking away refers to the rupture of an internal organ and the associated symptoms Informally or metaphorically the term apoplexy is associated with being furious especially as apoplectic Historically it was used to describe what is now known as a hemorrhagic stroke involving a ruptured blood vessel in the brain However modern health care professionals typically specify the anatomical location of the bleeding such as cerebral ovarian or pituitary 1 2 3 Contents 1 Historical meaning 2 Hemorrhage 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistorical meaning editFrom the late 14th to the late 19th century apoplexy referred to any sudden death that began with abrupt loss of consciousness especially when the victim died within seconds after losing consciousness The word apoplexy was sometimes used to refer to the symptom of sudden loss of consciousness immediately preceding death Strokes ruptured aortic aneurysms and even heart attacks were referred to as apoplexy in the past because before the advent of medical science there was limited ability to differentiate abnormal conditions and diseased states Although physiology as a medical field dates back at least to the time of Hippocrates until the late 19th century physicians often had inadequate or inaccurate understandings of many of the human body s normal functions and abnormal presentations Hence identifying a specific cause of a symptom or of death often proved difficult or impossible 4 5 6 7 8 Hemorrhage editTo specify the site of bleeding the term apoplexy is often accompanied by a descriptive adjective For instance bleeding within the pituitary gland is termed pituitary apoplexy and bleeding within the adrenal glands is referred to as adrenal apoplexy 9 Apoplexy also includes hemorrhaging within the gland and accompanying neurological problems such as confusion headache and impairment of consciousness 10 See also editTransient ischemic attackReferences edit Melissa Conrad Stoppler MD February 7 2011 Definition of Apoplexy OED Online Oxford University Press apoplexy Collins English Dictionary HarperCollins 2012 Retrieved May 9 2022 via dictionary reference com Coupland AP Thapar A Qureshi MI Jenkins H Davies AH 2017 The definition of stroke J R Soc Med 110 1 9 12 doi 10 1177 0141076816680121 PMC 5298424 PMID 28084167 Engelhardt E 2017 Apoplexy cerebrovascular disease and stroke Historical evolution of terms and definitions Dement Neuropsychol 11 4 449 453 doi 10 1590 1980 57642016dn11 040016 PMID 29354227 Bauer M Lang C Patzelt D 2001 Sudden death due to pituitary apoplexy Leg Med Tokyo 3 3 183 186 doi 10 1016 s1344 6223 01 00026 8 PMID 12935525 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Schutta HS Howe HM 2006 Seventeenth century concepts of apoplexy as reflected in Bonet s Sepulchretum J Hist Neurosci 15 3 250 268 doi 10 1080 09647040500403312 Lidell JA 1873 A Treatise on Apoplexy Cerebral Hemorrhage Cerebral Embolism Cerebral Gout Cerebral Rheumatism and Epidemic Cerebro spinal Meningitis New York W Wood amp Company Kleisiaris CF Sfakianakis C Papathanasiou IV 2014 Health care practices in ancient Greece The Hippocratic ideal J Med Ethics Hist Med 7 6 PMC 4263393 PMID 25512827 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Bashari WA Myint YMM Win ML Oyibo SO June 13 2020 Adrenal Insufficiency Secondary to Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage A Case Report Cureus 12 6 e8596 doi 10 7759 cureus 8596 PMC 7294864 PMID 32550089 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint date and year link Mohr G Hardy J 1982 Hemorrhage necrosis and apoplexy in pituitary adenomas Surg Neurol 18 3 181 189 doi 10 1016 0090 3019 82 90388 3 PMID 7179072 External links edit nbsp The dictionary definition of apoplexy at Wiktionary nbsp Texts on Wikisource Black James Rush April 6 1875 Apoplexy Popular Science Monthly 6 Mott Frederick Walker 1911 Apoplexy Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 2 11th ed pp 195 196 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Apoplexy amp oldid 1218998217, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
