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Apollonius (dioiketes)

Apollonius (or Apollonios, Greek: Ἀπολλώνιος; 3rd century BC) was the dioiketes or chief finance minister of Egypt during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (r. 283–246 B.C.). Little is known about his personal life; in ancient documents, he is called simply "Apollonius the dioiketes" without recording his home city or his father's name.[1] But a great amount of information has survived about his public role, in the archive of papyri kept by his assistant Zenon.

Apollonius
Ἀπολλώνιος
Born
NationalityPtolemaic Kingdom of Egypt
Other namesApollonios
OccupationChief finance minister
EraHellenistic period
Employer(s)Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Ptolemy III Euergetes
Notable workRecords kept in the Zenon Papyri

Apollonius was dioiketes from about 262 to 245 B.C. As well as his official role, he was an important merchant and land-owner. He owned estates both abroad in Galilee and in Philadelphia in Egypt.[2] In 252 B.C. he accompanied Berenice, the daughter of Ptolemy, as far as Sidon before her marriage to the Seleucid king Antiochus II.[3] Although the extent of his influence over the king's policies has been disputed, [4] it was during his term of office that the economic and administrative system of the Ptolemaic Kingdom was fully developed, which made the kingdom by far the most prosperous of the Hellenistic states.[5]

As dioiketes he was succeeded by Sosibius.

The Zenon Papyri edit

 
Fragment of a papyrus letter discussing tax issues from the Zenon Archive (National Archaeological Museum, Athens)

Apollonius's work for Ptolemy II Philadelphus was recorded in considerable detail by his private secretary, Zeno (or Zenon, Greek: Ζήνων). In the course of his duties, Zeno made copious written records of various legal and financial transactions between citizens, as well as detailed descriptions of the construction of theatres, gymnasiums, palaces and baths of the new town of Philadelphia on the edge of Faiyum. The documents were stored in an archive and lay forgotten for over 2100 years.[6][7][8][9]

During the winter of 1914-1915, a cache of over 2,000 papyrus documents was uncovered by Egyptian agricultural labourers who were digging for sebakh near Kôm el-Kharaba el-Kebir. Upon examination by Egyptology scholars, these documents were found to be records written by Zeno in Greek and Demotic. These papyri, now referred to as the Zenon Archive or the Zenon Papyri, have provided historians with a detailed record of Apollonius's role and of 3rd-century BC Philadelphia society and economy.[10] The papyri, now referred to as the Zenon Archive or the Zenon Papyri,[11] were translated into English by the British papyrologists Campbell Cowan Edgar and Arthur Surridge Hunt.[12][13][14]

References edit

  1. ^ OGIS 53 (Greek inscription) - English translation.
  2. ^ Günther Hölbl, History of the Ptolemaic Empire (Routledge, 2001), pp. 58-59.
  3. ^ Günther Hölbl, History of the Ptolemaic Empire (Routledge, 2001), p. 44.
  4. ^ Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 7.1, pp. 143-4.
  5. ^ Günther Hölbl, History of the Ptolemaic Empire (Routledge, 2001), p. 63.
  6. ^ McKenzie, Judith; McKenzie, Rhys-Davids Junior Research Fellow in Archaeology Judith; Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (January 2007). The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, C. 300 B.C. to A.D. 700. Yale University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-300-11555-0. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  7. ^ "Who was Zenon". apps.lib.umich.edu. University of Michigan. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  8. ^ "Philadelpheia (Gharabet el-Gerza)". www.trismegistos.org. TM Places. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  9. ^ "Where do the Zenon Papyri come from?". apps.lib.umich.edu. University of Michigan. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  10. ^ About the Zenon Papyri - University of Michigan.
  11. ^ About the Zenon Papyri - University of Michigan.
  12. ^ Bierbrier 2012, p. 171.
  13. ^ Guérud 1939, pp. 3–10.
  14. ^ "Edgar plot". Rectory Lane Cemetery. Friends of St Peter's Berkhamsted. 2021. from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

Sources edit

  • Bierbrier, M.L. (2012). Who was who in Egyptology. Egypt Exploration Society. ISBN 9780856982071.
  • Guérud, O. (1939). "Campbell Cowan Edgar (1870-1938)". Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte, Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte. Cairo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Further reading edit

  • Dorothy J. Thompson, Economic Reforms in the Mid-Reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus,   in P.McKechnie & Ph.Guillaume, Ptolemy II Philadelphus and His World, (Leiden: Brill, 2008) ISBN 978-90-04-17089-6
  • Michael Rostovtzeff, A large estate in Egypt in the third century B.C.: a study in economic history, (Madison, 1922) - at archive.org

External links edit

  • Introduction to the Zenon Papyri by University of Michigan

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Apollonius or Apollonios Greek Ἀpollwnios 3rd century BC was the dioiketes or chief finance minister of Egypt during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus r 283 246 B C Little is known about his personal life in ancient documents he is called simply Apollonius the dioiketes without recording his home city or his father s name 1 But a great amount of information has survived about his public role in the archive of papyri kept by his assistant Zenon ApolloniusἈpollwniosBornKaunos Asia MinorNationalityPtolemaic Kingdom of EgyptOther namesApolloniosOccupationChief finance ministerEraHellenistic periodEmployer s Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III EuergetesNotable workRecords kept in the Zenon Papyri Apollonius was dioiketes from about 262 to 245 B C As well as his official role he was an important merchant and land owner He owned estates both abroad in Galilee and in Philadelphia in Egypt 2 In 252 B C he accompanied Berenice the daughter of Ptolemy as far as Sidon before her marriage to the Seleucid king Antiochus II 3 Although the extent of his influence over the king s policies has been disputed 4 it was during his term of office that the economic and administrative system of the Ptolemaic Kingdom was fully developed which made the kingdom by far the most prosperous of the Hellenistic states 5 As dioiketes he was succeeded by Sosibius Contents 1 The Zenon Papyri 2 References 2 1 Sources 3 Further reading 4 External linksThe Zenon Papyri edit nbsp Fragment of a papyrus letter discussing tax issues from the Zenon Archive National Archaeological Museum Athens Main article Zenon of Kaunos Apollonius s work for Ptolemy II Philadelphus was recorded in considerable detail by his private secretary Zeno or Zenon Greek Zhnwn In the course of his duties Zeno made copious written records of various legal and financial transactions between citizens as well as detailed descriptions of the construction of theatres gymnasiums palaces and baths of the new town of Philadelphia on the edge of Faiyum The documents were stored in an archive and lay forgotten for over 2100 years 6 7 8 9 During the winter of 1914 1915 a cache of over 2 000 papyrus documents was uncovered by Egyptian agricultural labourers who were digging for sebakh near Kom el Kharaba el Kebir Upon examination by Egyptology scholars these documents were found to be records written by Zeno in Greek and Demotic These papyri now referred to as the Zenon Archive or the Zenon Papyri have provided historians with a detailed record of Apollonius s role and of 3rd century BC Philadelphia society and economy 10 The papyri now referred to as the Zenon Archive or the Zenon Papyri 11 were translated into English by the British papyrologists Campbell Cowan Edgar and Arthur Surridge Hunt 12 13 14 References edit OGIS 53 Greek inscription English translation Gunther Holbl History of the Ptolemaic Empire Routledge 2001 pp 58 59 Gunther Holbl History of the Ptolemaic Empire Routledge 2001 p 44 Cambridge Ancient History vol 7 1 pp 143 4 Gunther Holbl History of the Ptolemaic Empire Routledge 2001 p 63 McKenzie Judith McKenzie Rhys Davids Junior Research Fellow in Archaeology Judith Moorey Peter Roger Stuart January 2007 The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt C 300 B C to A D 700 Yale University Press p 152 ISBN 978 0 300 11555 0 Retrieved 21 April 2021 Who was Zenon apps lib umich edu University of Michigan Retrieved 20 April 2021 Philadelpheia Gharabet el Gerza www trismegistos org TM Places Retrieved 20 April 2021 Where do the Zenon Papyri come from apps lib umich edu University of Michigan Retrieved 20 April 2021 About the Zenon Papyri University of Michigan About the Zenon Papyri University of Michigan Bierbrier 2012 p 171 Guerud 1939 pp 3 10 Edgar plot Rectory Lane Cemetery Friends of St Peter s Berkhamsted 2021 Archived from the original on 19 April 2021 Retrieved 19 April 2021 Sources edit Bierbrier M L 2012 Who was who in Egyptology Egypt Exploration Society ISBN 9780856982071 Guerud O 1939 Campbell Cowan Edgar 1870 1938 Annales du Service des Antiquites de l Egypte Service des Antiquites de l Egypte Cairo a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Further reading editDorothy J Thompson Economic Reforms in the Mid Reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus in P McKechnie amp Ph Guillaume Ptolemy II Philadelphus and His World Leiden Brill 2008 ISBN 978 90 04 17089 6 Michael Rostovtzeff A large estate in Egypt in the third century B C a study in economic history Madison 1922 at archive orgExternal links editIntroduction to the Zenon Papyri by University of Michigan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Apollonius dioiketes amp oldid 1145373101, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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