The cloud sponge(Aphrocallistes vastus) is a species of sea sponge in the class Hexactinellida.[2] It is a deep-water reef-forming animal. The species was first described by F.E. Schulze in 1886.[1]
The cloud sponge takes the form of a large cup with an irregularly folded wall about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) thick. This is pierced by many pores about 1 millimetre (0.039 in) wide and covered by a thin dermal membrane. The skeletal elements form a lattice-like structure made up of fused spicules of silica. These mesh together and project into the adjoining canals. There is a fir-tree like concentration of spicules running through the body wall with the branches either having rounded or knobbly ends. [3] The form of the sponge varies according to the location in which it is found. It often has a mitten-like structure or may be tall and cylindrical or bowl-like but in areas with strong currents can be dense and compact.[4]
Distributionedit
The cloud sponge is found in the northern Pacific Ocean. Its range includes Japan, Siberia, the Aleutian Islands and the west coast of North America from Alaska southwards to California and Mexico.[1] It is a reef-building species found in deep waters on the western Canadian shelf growing on sediment-free rocks. It grows and is more easily studied in fiords off the coast of British Columbia at depths of only 25 metres (82 ft).[4]
Ecologyedit
The cloud sponge is one of several species of glass sponge that form slow growing reefs in deep water. Their skeletons create habitat for diverse communities of invertebrates and fish. Its body is primarily made of biogenic silica (>90%)[5] which is of no nutritional value yet dorid nudibranchs (Diaulula lentiginosa and Doris odhneri) have been shown to engorge themselves with cloud sponge.[6]
The cloud sponge is fragile and has a texture rather like dry toast. Its growth rate is slow with juveniles growing into moderate sized individuals in ten or twenty years. It is easily damaged by seabed trawling and seems to be killed by severe trauma although small injuries can be repaired.[4]
^Schulze, F. E. (1887). . Porifera. Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
^ abcAustin, William C.; Conway, Kim W.; Barrie, J. Vaughn; Krautter. Manfred (2007). "Growth and morphology of a reef-forming glass sponge, Aphrocallistes vastus (Hexactinellida), and implications for recovery from widespread trawl damage" (PDF). Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability.[permanent dead link]
^Chu, Jwf; Maldonado, M; Yahel, G; Leys, Sp (2011-11-15). "Glass sponge reefs as a silicon sink". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 441: 1–14. doi:10.3354/meps09381. hdl:10261/55102. ISSN 0171-8630.
^Chu, Jackson W. F.; Leys, Sally P. (2012). "The dorid nudibranchs Peltodoris lentiginosa and Archidoris odhneri as predators of glass sponges". Invertebrate Biology. 131 (2): 75–81. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2012.00262.x. ISSN 1744-7410.
January 01, 1970
cloud, sponge, cloud, sponge, aphrocallistes, vastus, species, sponge, class, hexactinellida, deep, water, reef, forming, animal, species, first, described, schulze, 1886, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phylum, porifera, clas. The cloud sponge Aphrocallistes vastus is a species of sea sponge in the class Hexactinellida 2 It is a deep water reef forming animal The species was first described by F E Schulze in 1886 1 Cloud sponge Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Class Hexactinellida Order Sceptrulophora Family Aphrocallistidae Genus Aphrocallistes Species A vastus Binomial name Aphrocallistes vastusSchulze 1886 1 Synonyms ListAphrocallistes intermediaOkada 1932 Aphrocallistes whiteavesianusLambe 1892 Aphrocallistes yatsuiOkada 1932 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 See also 5 ReferencesDescription editThe cloud sponge takes the form of a large cup with an irregularly folded wall about 5 millimetres 0 20 in thick This is pierced by many pores about 1 millimetre 0 039 in wide and covered by a thin dermal membrane The skeletal elements form a lattice like structure made up of fused spicules of silica These mesh together and project into the adjoining canals There is a fir tree like concentration of spicules running through the body wall with the branches either having rounded or knobbly ends 3 The form of the sponge varies according to the location in which it is found It often has a mitten like structure or may be tall and cylindrical or bowl like but in areas with strong currents can be dense and compact 4 Distribution editThe cloud sponge is found in the northern Pacific Ocean Its range includes Japan Siberia the Aleutian Islands and the west coast of North America from Alaska southwards to California and Mexico 1 It is a reef building species found in deep waters on the western Canadian shelf growing on sediment free rocks It grows and is more easily studied in fiords off the coast of British Columbia at depths of only 25 metres 82 ft 4 Ecology editThe cloud sponge is one of several species of glass sponge that form slow growing reefs in deep water Their skeletons create habitat for diverse communities of invertebrates and fish Its body is primarily made of biogenic silica gt 90 5 which is of no nutritional value yet dorid nudibranchs Diaulula lentiginosa and Doris odhneri have been shown to engorge themselves with cloud sponge 6 The cloud sponge is fragile and has a texture rather like dry toast Its growth rate is slow with juveniles growing into moderate sized individuals in ten or twenty years It is easily damaged by seabed trawling and seems to be killed by severe trauma although small injuries can be repaired 4 See also editHexactinellid sponges glass sponges Sponge reef Sponge Reef ProjectReferences edit a b c Aphrocallistes vastus Schulze 1886 World Register of Marine Species Retrieved 2012 10 06 Aphrocallistes vastus cloud sponge UniProt Retrieved 2009 03 15 Schulze F E 1887 Aphrocallistes vastus Schulze 1886 Porifera Archived from the original on 2011 07 27 Retrieved 2012 10 07 a b c Austin William C Conway Kim W Barrie J Vaughn Krautter Manfred 2007 Growth and morphology of a reef forming glass sponge Aphrocallistes vastus Hexactinellida and implications for recovery from widespread trawl damage PDF Porifera Research Biodiversity Innovation and Sustainability permanent dead link Chu Jwf Maldonado M Yahel G Leys Sp 2011 11 15 Glass sponge reefs as a silicon sink Marine Ecology Progress Series 441 1 14 doi 10 3354 meps09381 hdl 10261 55102 ISSN 0171 8630 Chu Jackson W F Leys Sally P 2012 The dorid nudibranchs Peltodoris lentiginosa and Archidoris odhneri as predators of glass sponges Invertebrate Biology 131 2 75 81 doi 10 1111 j 1744 7410 2012 00262 x ISSN 1744 7410 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cloud sponge amp oldid 1193809650, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
