Dobrowolski was born into an indigent family in Dworszowice Kościelne, and supported himself from the age of 12 by teaching younger students while a high school student in Warsaw. His involvement in seeking Polish independence led to a conviction to three years imprisonment in the Caucasus, but after two years he escaped and started studying in Switzerland and Belgium.[1]
Belgian Antarctic Expeditionedit
While still a student in biology, physics and chemistry at the University of Liège he took part in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897-1899) as assistant meteorologist. Henryk Arctowski, who was in charge of physical observations, was initially unsuccessfully in convincing expedition commander Adrien de Gerlache to take him on, but when the Belgica had to return to Ostend for repairs and the ship's doctor and a sailor quit, he was contracted as a sailor.
However, his substantial scientific contributions prompted de Gerlache to formally promote him in March 1898. Arctowski and Dobrowolski were the first to conduct year-round meteorological and hydrographical observations off Antarctica. In addition he studied ice crystallography and light phenomena in ice clouds. These data enabled him to write a monumental treatise on the crystallography of ice and snow.
In 1907 Nicholas II of Russia declared amnesty for political refugees, enabling Dobrowolski to return to Warsaw. Until 1914, he worked as a schoolteacher. During the First World War he lived in Sweden, where he studied ice and snow formation. After the war he returned to Poland, where he finished his treatise on the crystallography of ice and snow, Natural History of Ice (Historia naturalna lodu). The concept of the cryosphere can be traced back to this monogram. He also published works on pedagogy and research ethics, while teaching pedagogy at the Polish Free University in Warsaw, and was deeply involved in the organization of education in newly independent Poland. In 1924 he was appointed deputy director, and later director, of the Polish Meteorological Institute in Warsaw.[1][4]
He founded several observatories and the Society of Geophysicists in Warsaw, and actively promoted polar research in Poland. During the second Polar Year (1932-1933) he provided practical help and advice to the Polish expedition that overwintered on Bear Island. He headed the organizing committee of the 1934 Polish expedition to Spitsbergen, and was involved with the 1938 Polish Expedition to Oscar II Land. After the Second World War he pushed for further Polish scientific involvement in Polar research. He died in 1954, without seeing the implementation of his ideas in the Polish participation in the International Geophysical Year. His fellow Polish explorers and scientists regarded him as a "father figure", and he naturally became a center of Polar knowledge.[5][6] He died in Warsaw, aged 81.
^ abcBarry, R.G.; Jania, J.; Birkenmajer, K. (April 2011). "A. B. Dobrowolski – the first cryospheric scientist – and the subsequent development of cryospheric science". History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 2: 75–79. doi:10.5194/hgss-2-75-2011.
^ abMachowski, Jacek (1998). (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 19 (1–2): 15–30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-15. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
^Kløver, Geir O., ed. (2010). Antarctic Pioneers. The Voyage of the Belgica 1897-99. Oslo, Norway: The Fram Museum. p. 119. ISBN978-82-8235-007-5.
^Machowski, Jacek (1998). (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 19 (1–2): 11–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
^Popiołek, Joanna (1998). (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 19 (1–2): 31–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
^Birkenmajer, Krzysztof (1998). (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 19 (1–2): 4–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
^"Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica". Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
External linksedit
Antoni Boleslaw Dobrowolski Writings at Dartmouth College Library
January 01, 1970
antoni, bolesław, dobrowolski, june, 1872, april, 1954, polish, geophysicist, meteorologist, explorer, born, 1872, june, 1872dworszowice, kościelne, congress, poland, russian, empirediedapril, 1954, 1954, aged, warsaw, polish, people, republicresting, placepow. Antoni Boleslaw Dobrowolski 6 June 1872 27 April 1954 was a Polish geophysicist meteorologist and explorer Antoni Boleslaw DobrowolskiBorn 1872 06 06 June 6 1872Dworszowice Koscielne Congress Poland Russian EmpireDiedApril 27 1954 1954 04 27 aged 81 Warsaw Polish People s RepublicResting placePowazki Cemetery WarsawNationalityPolishAlma materUniversity of Liege BelgiumKnown forparticipation in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition studies of the cryosphereScientific careerFieldsgeophysics meteorologyInstitutionsRoyal Observatory of Belgium Polish Meteorological Institute Warsaw Contents 1 Early life 2 Belgian Antarctic Expedition 3 Later career 4 Tributes 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksEarly life editDobrowolski was born into an indigent family in Dworszowice Koscielne and supported himself from the age of 12 by teaching younger students while a high school student in Warsaw His involvement in seeking Polish independence led to a conviction to three years imprisonment in the Caucasus but after two years he escaped and started studying in Switzerland and Belgium 1 Belgian Antarctic Expedition editWhile still a student in biology physics and chemistry at the University of Liege he took part in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897 1899 as assistant meteorologist Henryk Arctowski who was in charge of physical observations was initially unsuccessfully in convincing expedition commander Adrien de Gerlache to take him on but when the Belgica had to return to Ostend for repairs and the ship s doctor and a sailor quit he was contracted as a sailor However his substantial scientific contributions prompted de Gerlache to formally promote him in March 1898 Arctowski and Dobrowolski were the first to conduct year round meteorological and hydrographical observations off Antarctica In addition he studied ice crystallography and light phenomena in ice clouds These data enabled him to write a monumental treatise on the crystallography of ice and snow After his return from the Antarctic he obtained a scholarship in Belgium to study his results and collaborated with Georges Lecointe at the Royal Observatory of Belgium 1 2 3 Later career editIn 1907 Nicholas II of Russia declared amnesty for political refugees enabling Dobrowolski to return to Warsaw Until 1914 he worked as a schoolteacher During the First World War he lived in Sweden where he studied ice and snow formation After the war he returned to Poland where he finished his treatise on the crystallography of ice and snow Natural History of Ice Historia naturalna lodu The concept of the cryosphere can be traced back to this monogram He also published works on pedagogy and research ethics while teaching pedagogy at the Polish Free University in Warsaw and was deeply involved in the organization of education in newly independent Poland In 1924 he was appointed deputy director and later director of the Polish Meteorological Institute in Warsaw 1 4 He founded several observatories and the Society of Geophysicists in Warsaw and actively promoted polar research in Poland During the second Polar Year 1932 1933 he provided practical help and advice to the Polish expedition that overwintered on Bear Island He headed the organizing committee of the 1934 Polish expedition to Spitsbergen and was involved with the 1938 Polish Expedition to Oscar II Land After the Second World War he pushed for further Polish scientific involvement in Polar research He died in 1954 without seeing the implementation of his ideas in the Polish participation in the International Geophysical Year His fellow Polish explorers and scientists regarded him as a father figure and he naturally became a center of Polar knowledge 5 6 He died in Warsaw aged 81 Tributes editAn occasionally active Polish research station in the Bunger Hills Dobrowolski Island Dobrowolski Peak and Dobrowolski Glacier both on King George Island are named after him 2 7 See also editList of PolesReferences edit a b c Barry R G Jania J Birkenmajer K April 2011 A B Dobrowolski the first cryospheric scientist and the subsequent development of cryospheric science History of Geo and Space Sciences 2 75 79 doi 10 5194 hgss 2 75 2011 a b Machowski Jacek 1998 Contribution of H Arctowski and A B Dobrowolski to the Antarctic Expedition of Belgica 1897 1899 PDF Polish Polar Research 19 1 2 15 30 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 08 15 Retrieved 2013 03 26 Klover Geir O ed 2010 Antarctic Pioneers The Voyage of the Belgica 1897 99 Oslo Norway The Fram Museum p 119 ISBN 978 82 8235 007 5 Machowski Jacek 1998 Antoni Boleslaw Dobrowolski 6 June 1872 27 April 1954 PDF Polish Polar Research 19 1 2 11 13 Archived from the original PDF on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 2 April 2013 Popiolek Joanna 1998 Polar Action of Antoni Boleslaw Dobrowolski in the interwar period PDF Polish Polar Research 19 1 2 31 36 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 10 20 Retrieved 2013 04 01 Birkenmajer Krzysztof 1998 Centennial of participation of H Arktowski and A B Dobrowolski in the Belgica Expedition to West Antarctica 1897 1899 PDF Polish Polar Research 19 1 2 4 6 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2013 04 01 Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Retrieved March 26 2013 External links editAntoni Boleslaw Dobrowolski Writings at Dartmouth College Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antoni Boleslaw Dobrowolski amp oldid 1180413297, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
