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Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples

May 01, 2024

The Anglo-Russian occupation of Naples was the stationing of British and Russian forces in the Kingdom of Naples from the summer of 1805 until January 1806 during the War of the Third Coalition.[1]

Background edit

A previous cooperation in July 1799 between British forces led by Horatio Nelson and Russian forces under the command of Fyodor Ushakov led to the collapse of the Parthenopean Republic, a semi-autonomous state in the Kingdom of Naples. However, the Franco-Neapolitan war ended on 28 March 1801 with the Treaty of Florence, in which Neapolitan government was forced to make various concessions to France, including closing its ports to all Ottoman and British ships, giving the French preferential treatment in trade, and allow the stationing of French garrisons in the Apulian trading ports of Pescara, Brindisi and Otranto and the province of Terra d'Otranto on Neapolitan costs.

For his upcoming confrontation with Austria and Russia in Central Europe in autumn 1805, French emperor Napoleon sought to secure his southern flank. He was willing to abandon the French-occupied coastal cities in Apulia to Naples in exchange for Neapolitan neutrality in the war ahead. King Ferdinand of Naples and Sicily agreed and signed a treaty with Napoleon.

Course edit

However, after receiving the Apulian cities, Ferdinand soon went back on his promise and allied himself with France's enemies Britain and Russia, which landed troops in Naples with his permission in order to guard against a possible French invasion, and to plan an attack on the Napoleonic states in central and northern Italy.[2] The British commander was general James Henry Craig, who had ill health at the time and had 7,000 troops,[3] while the Russian forces were led by Maurice Lacy and Roman Anrep. The combined army was too weak and poorly equipped to withstand any serious French attack.[1]

When the combined Austro–Russian Army was dealt a severe blow by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December 1805, 30,000 French troops were freed up for a campaign against Naples.[3] Tsar Alexander I of Russia ordered his troops to withdraw from southern Italy to Corfu,[1] which they did after Lacy received the tsar's dispatch on 7 January 1806.[3] Meanwhile, Craig was awaiting orders from Lord Castlereagh; he wrote on 30 December that he received his most recent instructions on 16 October.[3] Against the wishes of ambassador Hugh Elliot, who warned evacuation would provoke the French to attack, Craig had the vastly outnumbered British troops depart Naples and set sail for the island of Sicily on 10 January 1806, ending the Anglo-Russian occupation and leaving the Neapolitan army to defend the kingdom on its own.[3] The British fleet reached Messina on 22 January and the soldiers disembarked.[3]

British Expeditionary Force edit

  • Ancillary units

Aftermath edit

Main article: Invasion of Naples (1806)

After Austerlitz, Napoleon rallied his forces to punish Ferdinand's treason and take possession of all of southern Italy. French troops invaded and conquered the kingdom from 8 February to 18 July 1806.

Further reading edit

  • William Henry Flayhart III, Counterpoint to Trafalgar: The Anglo-Russian Invasion of Naples, 1805–1806. (1992). Pp. xi, 198. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
  • Piers Mackesy, The War in the Mediterranean, 1803-1810 (1957).

External links edit

  • Pagedas, Constantine A., 'Counterpoint to Trafalgar: The Anglo-Russian Invasion of Naples, 1805-1806 (review)' in Mediterranean Quarterly, Volume 16, Number 1, Winter 2005, pp. 120–122.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Saul, Norman E. (1 April 1994). "Counterpoint to Trafalgar: The Anglo-Russian Invasion of Naples, 1805–1806 (review)". The American Historical Review. 99 (2). University of Chicago Press: 545–546. doi:10.1086/ahr/99.2.545.
  2. ^ Paoletti, Ciro (2008). A Military History of Italy. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 77–78. ISBN 9780275985059. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Rosenberg, Chaim M. (2017). Losing America, Conquering India: Lord Cornwallis and the Remaking of the British Empire. McFarland. p. 168. ISBN 9781476668123. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  4. ^ Flayhart, William Henry (1992). Counterpoint to Trafalgar: The Anglo-Russian Invasion of Naples, 1805–1806. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. p. 93. ISBN 9780585338583.


 

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May 01, 2024
anglo, russian, occupation, naples, stationing, british, russian, forces, kingdom, naples, from, summer, 1805, until, january, 1806, during, third, coalition, contents, background, course, british, expeditionary, force, aftermath, further, reading, external, l. The Anglo Russian occupation of Naples was the stationing of British and Russian forces in the Kingdom of Naples from the summer of 1805 until January 1806 during the War of the Third Coalition 1 Contents 1 Background 2 Course 3 British Expeditionary Force 4 Aftermath 5 Further reading 6 External links 7 ReferencesBackground editA previous cooperation in July 1799 between British forces led by Horatio Nelson and Russian forces under the command of Fyodor Ushakov led to the collapse of the Parthenopean Republic a semi autonomous state in the Kingdom of Naples However the Franco Neapolitan war ended on 28 March 1801 with the Treaty of Florence in which Neapolitan government was forced to make various concessions to France including closing its ports to all Ottoman and British ships giving the French preferential treatment in trade and allow the stationing of French garrisons in the Apulian trading ports of Pescara Brindisi and Otranto and the province of Terra d Otranto on Neapolitan costs For his upcoming confrontation with Austria and Russia in Central Europe in autumn 1805 French emperor Napoleon sought to secure his southern flank He was willing to abandon the French occupied coastal cities in Apulia to Naples in exchange for Neapolitan neutrality in the war ahead King Ferdinand of Naples and Sicily agreed and signed a treaty with Napoleon Course editHowever after receiving the Apulian cities Ferdinand soon went back on his promise and allied himself with France s enemies Britain and Russia which landed troops in Naples with his permission in order to guard against a possible French invasion and to plan an attack on the Napoleonic states in central and northern Italy 2 The British commander was general James Henry Craig who had ill health at the time and had 7 000 troops 3 while the Russian forces were led by Maurice Lacy and Roman Anrep The combined army was too weak and poorly equipped to withstand any serious French attack 1 When the combined Austro Russian Army was dealt a severe blow by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December 1805 30 000 French troops were freed up for a campaign against Naples 3 Tsar Alexander I of Russia ordered his troops to withdraw from southern Italy to Corfu 1 which they did after Lacy received the tsar s dispatch on 7 January 1806 3 Meanwhile Craig was awaiting orders from Lord Castlereagh he wrote on 30 December that he received his most recent instructions on 16 October 3 Against the wishes of ambassador Hugh Elliot who warned evacuation would provoke the French to attack Craig had the vastly outnumbered British troops depart Naples and set sail for the island of Sicily on 10 January 1806 ending the Anglo Russian occupation and leaving the Neapolitan army to defend the kingdom on its own 3 The British fleet reached Messina on 22 January and the soldiers disembarked 3 British Expeditionary Force editLieutenant General Sir James Henry Craig Advanced Corps Brigadier General John BrodrickCorsican Rangers 740 men Battalion of light infantry Battalion of grenadiers Chasseurs Britanniques 645 men dd First Brigade Brigadier General Wroth Palmer Acland20th Regiment of Foot 801 men 35th Regiment of Foot 1003 men 61st Regiment of Foot 834 men dd Second Brigade Brigadier General Galbraith Lowry Cole27th Regiment of Foot 1063 men 58th Regiment of Foot 973 men De Watteville s Regiment 725 men dd Royal Artillery 273 men 2 light brigades 1 heavy brigade 4 howitzers 4 12 pounders 8 6 pounders dd Ancillary units2 squadrons of the 20th Light Dragoons 335 men Staff Corps 20 men Royal Engineers 19 men dd Source 4 Aftermath editMain article Invasion of Naples 1806 After Austerlitz Napoleon rallied his forces to punish Ferdinand s treason and take possession of all of southern Italy French troops invaded and conquered the kingdom from 8 February to 18 July 1806 Further reading editWilliam Henry Flayhart III Counterpoint to Trafalgar The Anglo Russian Invasion of Naples 1805 1806 1992 Pp xi 198 Columbia University of South Carolina Press Piers Mackesy The War in the Mediterranean 1803 1810 1957 External links editPagedas Constantine A Counterpoint to Trafalgar The Anglo Russian Invasion of Naples 1805 1806 review in Mediterranean Quarterly Volume 16 Number 1 Winter 2005 pp 120 122 References edit a b c Saul Norman E 1 April 1994 Counterpoint to Trafalgar The Anglo Russian Invasion of Naples 1805 1806 review The American Historical Review 99 2 University of Chicago Press 545 546 doi 10 1086 ahr 99 2 545 Paoletti Ciro 2008 A Military History of Italy Greenwood Publishing Group pp 77 78 ISBN 9780275985059 Retrieved 17 October 2018 a b c d e f Rosenberg Chaim M 2017 Losing America Conquering India Lord Cornwallis and the Remaking of the British Empire McFarland p 168 ISBN 9781476668123 Retrieved 18 October 2018 Flayhart William Henry 1992 Counterpoint to Trafalgar The Anglo Russian Invasion of Naples 1805 1806 Columbia South Carolina University of South Carolina Press p 93 ISBN 9780585338583 nbsp This article about the period of the Napoleonic Wars 1803 1815 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anglo Russian occupation of Naples amp oldid 1207548184, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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