The Angara (Russian: Ангара́, [ənɡɐˈra]; Buryat: Ангар, Angar, lit. "Cleft"[citation needed]) is a major river in Siberia, which traces a course through Russia's Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai. It drains out of Lake Baikal and is the headwatertributary of the Yenisey.[3] It is 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 1,039,000 square kilometres (401,000 sq mi).[1] It was formerly known as the Lower or Nizhnyaya Angara (distinguishing it from the Upper Angara).[4] Below its junction with the Ilim, it was formerly known as the Upper Tunguska (Russian: Верхняя Тунгуска, Verhnyaya Tunguska, distinguishing it from the Lower Tunguska)[5][6] and, with the names reversed, as the Lower Tunguska.[7]
Leaving Lake Baikal near the settlement of Listvyanka, the Angara flows north past the Irkutsk Oblast cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk, Bratsk, and Ust-Ilimsk. It then crosses the Angara Range and turns west, entering Krasnoyarsk Krai, and joining the Yenisey near Strelka, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south-east of Lesosibirsk.
Four dams of major hydroelectric plants - constructed since the 1950s - exploit the waters of the Angara:
Irkutsk Dam, forming the Irkutsk Reservoir, which floods the valley of the river from its source to Irkutsk, and slightly raises the water level in Lake Baikal
The reservoirs of these dams flooded a number of villages along the Angara and its tributaries (including the historic fort of Ilimsk on the Ilim), as well as numerous agricultural areas in the river valley. Due to its effects on the way of life of the rural residents of the Angara valley, dam construction was criticized by a number of Soviet intellectuals, in particular by the Irkutsk writer Valentin Rasputin - both in his novel Farewell to Matyora (1976) and in his non-fiction book Siberia, Siberia (1991).
Navigationedit
Embankment of the Angara in IrkutskThe Angara at Talzy, near Lake Baikal
The Angara is navigable by modern watercraft on several isolated sections:[8][9][10]
from Lake Baikal to Irkutsk
from Irkutsk to Bratsk
on the Ust-Ilimsk Reservoir
from the Boguchany Dam (Kodinsk) to the river's fall into the Yenisey.
The section between the Ust-Ilimsk Dam and the Boguchany Dam has not been navigable due to rapids. However, with the completion of the Boguchany Dam, and filling of its reservoir, at least part of this section of the river will become navigable as well. Nonetheless, this will not enable through navigation from Lake Baikal to the Yenisey, as none of the existing three dams has been provided with a ship lock or a boat lift, nor will the Boguchany Dam have one.
The historical significance of the Angara and the Ilim as water routes is attested by a chain of villages along them (many of which, as well as the town of Ilimsk, were flooded by modern dams) on this map from 1773. Note that the lower course of the Angara is labeled as Nizhnyaya Tunguska – the name which is currently applied to another river
Despite the absence of a continuous navigable waterway, the Angara and its tributary the Ilim were of considerable importance for Russian colonization of Siberia since ca. 1630, when they (and the necessary portages) formed important water routes connecting the Yenisey with Lake Baikal and the Lena. The river lost its transportation significance after the construction of an overland route between Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk and, later, the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Tributariesedit
The largest tributaries of the Angara are, from source to mouth:[1][11]
^. Archived from the original on 2017-06-10. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
^Енисейское пароходство: Ангара – судоходство и грузоперевозки (Yenisey Shipping Company: Angara — navigation and cargo shipping) (in Russian)
^Особенности движения и стоянки судов по внутренним водным путям Восточно-Сибирского бассейна March 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (Special navigation rules for the internal waterways of the Eastern Siberia Basin) (in Russian)
"Upper and Lower Angara" , 'Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. II, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1878, p. 26.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Angara River.
Angara River, southeast-central Russia 2017-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
Angara River photo
Map book of region showing mouth of Angara River 2016-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
Photo of river and dam
February 16, 2024
angara, other, uses, disambiguation, russian, Ангара, ənɡɐˈra, buryat, Ангар, angar, cleft, citation, needed, major, river, siberia, which, traces, course, through, russia, irkutsk, oblast, krasnoyarsk, krai, drains, lake, baikal, headwater, tributary, yenisey. For other uses see Angara disambiguation The Angara Russian Angara enɡɐˈra Buryat Angar Angar lit Cleft citation needed is a major river in Siberia which traces a course through Russia s Irkutsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai It drains out of Lake Baikal and is the headwater tributary of the Yenisey 3 It is 1 849 kilometres 1 149 mi long and has a drainage basin of 1 039 000 square kilometres 401 000 sq mi 1 It was formerly known as the Lower or Nizhnyaya Angara distinguishing it from the Upper Angara 4 Below its junction with the Ilim it was formerly known as the Upper Tunguska Russian Verhnyaya Tunguska Verhnyaya Tunguska distinguishing it from the Lower Tunguska 5 6 and with the names reversed as the Lower Tunguska 7 AngaraLocationCountryRussiaRegionsIrkutsk Oblast Krasnoyarsk KraiPhysical characteristicsSourceLake Baikal locationBaykal Irkutsk Oblast coordinates51 52 01 N 104 49 05 E 51 867 N 104 818 E 51 867 104 818 elevation389 m 1 276 ft MouthYenisey locationLesosibirsk Krasnoyarsk Krai coordinates58 06 07 N 92 59 28 E 58 102 N 92 991 E 58 102 92 991 elevation75 m 246 ft Length1 849 km 1 149 mi 1 to 1 779 km 1 105 mi 2 Basin size1 039 000 km2 401 000 sq mi 1 to 1 056 000 km2 408 000 sq mi 2 Discharge locationConfluence of the Yenisey near mouth average4 530 m3 s 160 000 cu ft s to 4 980 m3 s 176 000 cu ft s 2 Basin featuresProgressionYenisey Kara Sea Contents 1 Course 1 1 Dams and reservoirs 2 Navigation 3 Tributaries 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 Bibliography 6 External linksCourse editLeaving Lake Baikal near the settlement of Listvyanka the Angara flows north past the Irkutsk Oblast cities of Irkutsk Angarsk Bratsk and Ust Ilimsk It then crosses the Angara Range and turns west entering Krasnoyarsk Krai and joining the Yenisey near Strelka 40 kilometres 25 mi south east of Lesosibirsk Dams and reservoirs edit nbsp The Bratsk DamFour dams of major hydroelectric plants constructed since the 1950s exploit the waters of the Angara Irkutsk Dam forming the Irkutsk Reservoir which floods the valley of the river from its source to Irkutsk and slightly raises the water level in Lake Baikal Bratsk Dam forming the Bratsk Reservoir Ust Ilimsk Dam at Ust Ilimsk forming the Ust Ilimsk Reservoir Boguchany Dam at KodinskThe reservoirs of these dams flooded a number of villages along the Angara and its tributaries including the historic fort of Ilimsk on the Ilim as well as numerous agricultural areas in the river valley Due to its effects on the way of life of the rural residents of the Angara valley dam construction was criticized by a number of Soviet intellectuals in particular by the Irkutsk writer Valentin Rasputin both in his novel Farewell to Matyora 1976 and in his non fiction book Siberia Siberia 1991 Navigation edit nbsp Embankment of the Angara in Irkutsk nbsp The Angara at Talzy near Lake BaikalThe Angara is navigable by modern watercraft on several isolated sections 8 9 10 from Lake Baikal to Irkutsk from Irkutsk to Bratsk on the Ust Ilimsk Reservoir from the Boguchany Dam Kodinsk to the river s fall into the Yenisey The section between the Ust Ilimsk Dam and the Boguchany Dam has not been navigable due to rapids However with the completion of the Boguchany Dam and filling of its reservoir at least part of this section of the river will become navigable as well Nonetheless this will not enable through navigation from Lake Baikal to the Yenisey as none of the existing three dams has been provided with a ship lock or a boat lift nor will the Boguchany Dam have one nbsp The historical significance of the Angara and the Ilim as water routes is attested by a chain of villages along them many of which as well as the town of Ilimsk were flooded by modern dams on this map from 1773 Note that the lower course of the Angara is labeled as Nizhnyaya Tunguska the name which is currently applied to another riverDespite the absence of a continuous navigable waterway the Angara and its tributary the Ilim were of considerable importance for Russian colonization of Siberia since ca 1630 when they and the necessary portages formed important water routes connecting the Yenisey with Lake Baikal and the Lena The river lost its transportation significance after the construction of an overland route between Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk and later the Trans Siberian Railway Tributaries editThe largest tributaries of the Angara are from source to mouth 1 11 Irkut left Kitoy left Belaya left Oka left Iya left Ilim right Kova left Koda right Chadobets right Mura left Irkeneyeva right Taseyeva left See also editList of rivers of Russia Lena Angara Plateau Yenisey RangeReferences editCitations edit a b c d Reka Angara in the State Water Register of Russia verum wiki in Russian a b c Yenisey River Angara River Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Retrieved 2006 10 26 EB 1878 VERHNYaYa TUNGUSKA Verkhnyaya Tunguska in the dictionary of Russia s place names Tunguska in Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia See e g the 1773 Kitchen map above Angara River southeast central Russia Archived from the original on 2017 06 10 Retrieved 2006 10 26 Enisejskoe parohodstvo Angara sudohodstvo i gruzoperevozki Yenisey Shipping Company Angara navigation and cargo shipping in Russian Osobennosti dvizheniya i stoyanki sudov po vnutrennim vodnym putyam Vostochno Sibirskogo bassejna Archived March 13 2008 at the Wayback Machine Special navigation rules for the internal waterways of the Eastern Siberia Basin in Russian Angara Great Soviet Encyclopedia Bibliography edit Upper and Lower Angara Encyclopaedia Britannica 9th ed Vol II New York Charles Scribner s Sons 1878 p 26 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Angara River Angara River southeast central Russia Archived 2017 06 10 at the Wayback Machine Angara River Angara River photo Map of region showing mouth of Angara River Map book of region showing mouth of Angara River Archived 2016 01 09 at the Wayback Machine Photo of river and dam Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Angara amp oldid 1196129350, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
