Anangula Island (Russian: Анангула; also called Ananiuliak Island;[1][2] occasionally referred to as Kurityien Anaiuliak, Anaiuliak, Anayulyakh or Anangouliak[3]Russian: Ананиулиак) is a small island in the Fox Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska. The 1.4-mile (2.3 km)-long island is separated from Umnak Island by a channel about 0.93 miles (1.50 km) wide and consists of a mostly barren tundra landscape of volcanic ash.[4]
During the lastPleistoceneice age, Anangula and nearby Umnak Island formed the tip of a peninsula on the southern edge of the Bering land bridge and was covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet that dominated the northwestern portion of North America.[5][6] This made the area unsuitable for both animal and human habitation until the ice sheet began to recede about 10-12,000 years bp.[7] The first human settlement on Anangula (and the oldest known evidence of human activity in the Aleutians[8]), a small village and core and blade site on the southeastern end of the island, was established about 8,400 years bp.[8][9][10] Although estimates of how long the settlement was occupied range from under 100 years to more than 1,500 years, it is generally agreed that it was abandoned after a major eruption at the Okmok volcano 70 kilometers (43 mi) northeast on Umnak buried the area under nearly two meters of ash.[4][6][11]
Recent history
During the 1910s, Anangula was one of many Aleutian islands to be stocked with Arctic foxes by the United States government for trapping and fur trading purposes, in this case mostly by the Aleuts who lived in Nikolski, about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) to the south on Umnak Island.[12] Later, during the 1930s, an additional population of rabbits was established on the island to serve as food for the foxes. In the late 1940s, the foxes were removed because of their detrimental effects on the native marine bird populations, though the rabbits remain to the present.[4]
The island gained some prominence in the archaeological community with the discovery of the core and blade site by William S. Laughlin in 1938. Later expeditions by Laughlin during the 1950s and 1960s uncovered more artifacts and a series of four expeditions in 1970-1974 unearthed the village site.[4]
^"National Historic Landmarks in Alaska - Anangula Site, Ananiuliak Island, Aleutians". United States National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
^Baker, Marcus; J. McCormick (1906). Geographic Dictionary of Alaska. United States Geological Survey. p. 98. Retrieved 2009-01-12. anangula.
^ abcdWest, Constance F. (1996). American Beginnings. University of Chicago Press. pp. 443–444, 446. ISBN978-0-226-89399-0. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
^Josephy, Alvin M. (1991). The Indian Heritage of America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 58. ISBN978-0-395-57320-4. Retrieved 2009-01-12. anangula island.
^ abBlack, Robert F. Late-Quaternary Geomorphic Processes: Effects on the Ancient Aleuts of Umnak Island(PDF). University of Connecticut. pp. 161–165. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
^McCartney, Allen P.; Douglas W. Veltre (1999). Aleutian Island Prehistory: Living in Insular Extremes (abstract). Taylor & Francis. JSTOR 1550607.
^ abGibbon, Guy E.; Kenneth M. Ames (1998). Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America. Taylor & Francis. pp. 12–14. ISBN978-0-8153-0725-9. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
^. Alaska Native Knowledge Network. Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
^Black, Robert F. (1976). "Geology of Umnak Island, Eastern Aleutian Islands as Related to the Aleuts (abstract)". 8. University of Colorado: 7–35. JSTOR 1550607. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Workman, William B. (1979). The Significance of Volcanism in the Prehistory of Subarctic Northwestern North America. Academic Press, Inc. pp. 161–162. ISBN0-12-639120-3. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
^"New findings about Pan'kovs from Alaska". narod.ru. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
anangula, island, russian, Анангула, also, called, ananiuliak, island, occasionally, referred, kurityien, anaiuliak, anaiuliak, anayulyakh, anangouliak, russian, Ананиулиак, small, island, islands, group, aleutian, islands, southwestern, alaska, mile, long, is. Anangula Island Russian Anangula also called Ananiuliak Island 1 2 occasionally referred to as Kurityien Anaiuliak Anaiuliak Anayulyakh or Anangouliak 3 Russian Ananiuliak is a small island in the Fox Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska The 1 4 mile 2 3 km long island is separated from Umnak Island by a channel about 0 93 miles 1 50 km wide and consists of a mostly barren tundra landscape of volcanic ash 4 class notpageimage Location in AlaskaAncient history EditFurther information Anangula Archeological District During the last Pleistocene ice age Anangula and nearby Umnak Island formed the tip of a peninsula on the southern edge of the Bering land bridge and was covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet that dominated the northwestern portion of North America 5 6 This made the area unsuitable for both animal and human habitation until the ice sheet began to recede about 10 12 000 years bp 7 The first human settlement on Anangula and the oldest known evidence of human activity in the Aleutians 8 a small village and core and blade site on the southeastern end of the island was established about 8 400 years bp 8 9 10 Although estimates of how long the settlement was occupied range from under 100 years to more than 1 500 years it is generally agreed that it was abandoned after a major eruption at the Okmok volcano 70 kilometers 43 mi northeast on Umnak buried the area under nearly two meters of ash 4 6 11 Recent history EditDuring the 1910s Anangula was one of many Aleutian islands to be stocked with Arctic foxes by the United States government for trapping and fur trading purposes in this case mostly by the Aleuts who lived in Nikolski about 4 3 miles 6 9 km to the south on Umnak Island 12 Later during the 1930s an additional population of rabbits was established on the island to serve as food for the foxes In the late 1940s the foxes were removed because of their detrimental effects on the native marine bird populations though the rabbits remain to the present 4 The island gained some prominence in the archaeological community with the discovery of the core and blade site by William S Laughlin in 1938 Later expeditions by Laughlin during the 1950s and 1960s uncovered more artifacts and a series of four expeditions in 1970 1974 unearthed the village site 4 References Edit Anangula Island Geographic Names Information System United States Geological Survey United States Department of the Interior Retrieved January 12 2009 National Historic Landmarks in Alaska Anangula Site Ananiuliak Island Aleutians United States National Park Service Retrieved 2009 01 12 Baker Marcus J McCormick 1906 Geographic Dictionary of Alaska United States Geological Survey p 98 Retrieved 2009 01 12 anangula a b c d West Constance F 1996 American Beginnings University of Chicago Press pp 443 444 446 ISBN 978 0 226 89399 0 Retrieved 2009 01 12 Josephy Alvin M 1991 The Indian Heritage of America Houghton Mifflin Harcourt p 58 ISBN 978 0 395 57320 4 Retrieved 2009 01 12 anangula island a b Black Robert F Late Quaternary Geomorphic Processes Effects on the Ancient Aleuts of Umnak Island PDF University of Connecticut pp 161 165 Retrieved 2008 01 12 McCartney Allen P Douglas W Veltre 1999 Aleutian Island Prehistory Living in Insular Extremes abstract Taylor amp Francis JSTOR 1550607 a b Gibbon Guy E Kenneth M Ames 1998 Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America Taylor amp Francis pp 12 14 ISBN 978 0 8153 0725 9 Retrieved 2009 01 12 Cultural Change in the Aleutian Islands Contact with Another Culture Alaska Native Knowledge Network Archived from the original on 2008 05 17 Retrieved 2008 01 18 Black Robert F 1976 Geology of Umnak Island Eastern Aleutian Islands as Related to the Aleuts abstract 8 University of Colorado 7 35 JSTOR 1550607 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Workman William B 1979 The Significance of Volcanism in the Prehistory of Subarctic Northwestern North America Academic Press Inc pp 161 162 ISBN 0 12 639120 3 Retrieved 2009 01 12 New findings about Pan kovs from Alaska narod ru Retrieved 2008 09 23 53 00 02 N 168 54 40 W 53 00056 N 168 91111 W 53 00056 168 91111 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anangula Island amp oldid 1002985137, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
