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The anal stage is the second stage in Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, taking place approximately between the ages 18 months and three years. According to Freud, the anus is the primary erogenous zone and pleasure is derived from controlling bladder and bowel movement. The major conflict issue during this stage is toilet training. A fixation at this stage can result in a personality that is too rigid or one that is too disordered.[1]
According to Freud's theory, personality is developed through a series of stages, focused on erogenous areas, throughout childhood.[2] A healthy personality in adulthood is dependent upon all of these childhood stages being resolved successfully. If issues are not resolved in a stage, then fixation will occur, resulting in an unhealthy personality.
The anal stage, in Freudian psychology, is the period of human development occurring at about one to three years of age. Around this age, the child begins to toilet train, which brings about the child's fascination in the erogenous zone of the anus. The erogenous zone is focused on the bowel and bladder control. Therefore, Freud believed that the libido was mainly focused on controlling the bladder and bowel movements. The anal stage coincides with the start of the child's ability to control their anal sphincter, and therefore their ability to pass or withhold feces at will. If the children during this stage can overcome the conflict it will result in a sense of accomplishment and independence.
Conflictedit
This is the second stage of Freud's psychosexual stages. This stage represents a conflict with the id, ego, and superego. The child is approached with this conflict with the parent's demands. A successful completion of this stage depends on how the parents interact with the child while toilet training. If a parent praises the child and gives rewards for using the toilet properly and at the right times then the child will successfully go through the stage. However, if a parent ridicules and punishes a child while they are at this stage, the child can respond in negative ways.
Parents' roleedit
As mentioned before the ability for the children to be successful in this stage is solely dependent upon their parents and the approach they use towards toilet training. Freud believed that parents should promote the use of toilet training with praise and rewards. The use of positive reinforcement after using the toilet at the appropriate times encourages positive outcomes. This will help reinforce the feeling that the child is capable of controlling their bladder. The parents help make the outcome of this stage a positive experience which in turn will lead to a competent, productive, and creative adult. This stage is also important in the child's future relationships with authority.
According to Freud's Psychosexual Theory, parents need to be very careful in how they react to their children during this sensitive stage. During this stage children test their parents, the authority figures, on how much power they really have as opposed to how much room the child has to make his or her own decisions.
Negative parent-child interactions in the anal stage, including early or harsh toilet training, can lead to the development of an anal-retentive personality. If the parents are too forceful or harsh in training the child to control their own bowel movements, the child may react by deliberately retaining their bowel movements in rebellion. They will form into an adult who hates mess, and is obsessively tidy, punctual, and respectful to authority. These adults can sometimes be stubborn and be very careful with their money.
Overly passive parent-child interactions in the anal stage lead to the development of an anal-expulsive personality. Because the child's parents were inconsistent or neglectful in teaching the child to control their own bowel movements, the child may relieve themselves at inappropriate times and soil their pants in rebellion against using the toilet.[3] As adults, they will want to share things with their peers and give things away. They can sometimes be messy, disorganized, and rebellious. They may also be inconsiderate of others' feelings.
Successful resolution of the anal stageedit
A child who has successfully completed this stage will be characterized as having used proper toilet training techniques throughout toilet training years and will successfully move on to the next stage of Freud's psychosexual developmental stages. Although the anal stage seems to be about proper toilet training, it is also about controlling behaviors and urges. A child needs to learn certain boundaries when he or she is young so that in the future there will not be contention regarding what is overstepping the boundaries.
Related to cognitive psychologyedit
According to the field of cognitive psychology, Freud's anal stage falls into the category of internal mental states. These internal mental states are referring to belief, idea, motivation and knowledge. Freud revolves the basis of his stages around these main ideas as well. The result of whether a child completes this stage successfully or becomes fixated has a lot to do with the child's knowledge of their past with their toilet training experience, the motivation they received from the parents during the stage and the child's own belief in how they should react to the situation. Cognitive psychology also focuses on and studies how people perceive, remember and learn their surroundings, environment, and experiences. These are the three main reasons why a child will become either anal-retentive or anal-expulsive after childhood.[1]
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Anal stage news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2015 This article relies excessively on references to primary sources Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources Find sources Anal stage news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Anal stage news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The anal stage is the second stage in Sigmund Freud s theory of psychosexual development taking place approximately between the ages 18 months and three years According to Freud the anus is the primary erogenous zone and pleasure is derived from controlling bladder and bowel movement The major conflict issue during this stage is toilet training A fixation at this stage can result in a personality that is too rigid or one that is too disordered 1 According to Freud s theory personality is developed through a series of stages focused on erogenous areas throughout childhood 2 A healthy personality in adulthood is dependent upon all of these childhood stages being resolved successfully If issues are not resolved in a stage then fixation will occur resulting in an unhealthy personality Contents 1 General information 2 Conflict 3 Parents role 4 Anal retentive personality 5 Anal expulsive personality 6 Successful resolution of the anal stage 7 Related to cognitive psychology 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksGeneral information editThe anal stage in Freudian psychology is the period of human development occurring at about one to three years of age Around this age the child begins to toilet train which brings about the child s fascination in the erogenous zone of the anus The erogenous zone is focused on the bowel and bladder control Therefore Freud believed that the libido was mainly focused on controlling the bladder and bowel movements The anal stage coincides with the start of the child s ability to control their anal sphincter and therefore their ability to pass or withhold feces at will If the children during this stage can overcome the conflict it will result in a sense of accomplishment and independence Conflict editThis is the second stage of Freud s psychosexual stages This stage represents a conflict with the id ego and superego The child is approached with this conflict with the parent s demands A successful completion of this stage depends on how the parents interact with the child while toilet training If a parent praises the child and gives rewards for using the toilet properly and at the right times then the child will successfully go through the stage However if a parent ridicules and punishes a child while they are at this stage the child can respond in negative ways Parents role editAs mentioned before the ability for the children to be successful in this stage is solely dependent upon their parents and the approach they use towards toilet training Freud believed that parents should promote the use of toilet training with praise and rewards The use of positive reinforcement after using the toilet at the appropriate times encourages positive outcomes This will help reinforce the feeling that the child is capable of controlling their bladder The parents help make the outcome of this stage a positive experience which in turn will lead to a competent productive and creative adult This stage is also important in the child s future relationships with authority According to Freud s Psychosexual Theory parents need to be very careful in how they react to their children during this sensitive stage During this stage children test their parents the authority figures on how much power they really have as opposed to how much room the child has to make his or her own decisions Anal retentive personality editMain article Anal retentiveness Negative parent child interactions in the anal stage including early or harsh toilet training can lead to the development of an anal retentive personality If the parents are too forceful or harsh in training the child to control their own bowel movements the child may react by deliberately retaining their bowel movements in rebellion They will form into an adult who hates mess and is obsessively tidy punctual and respectful to authority These adults can sometimes be stubborn and be very careful with their money Anal expulsive personality editMain article Anal expulsiveness Overly passive parent child interactions in the anal stage lead to the development of an anal expulsive personality Because the child s parents were inconsistent or neglectful in teaching the child to control their own bowel movements the child may relieve themselves at inappropriate times and soil their pants in rebellion against using the toilet 3 As adults they will want to share things with their peers and give things away They can sometimes be messy disorganized and rebellious They may also be inconsiderate of others feelings Successful resolution of the anal stage editA child who has successfully completed this stage will be characterized as having used proper toilet training techniques throughout toilet training years and will successfully move on to the next stage of Freud s psychosexual developmental stages Although the anal stage seems to be about proper toilet training it is also about controlling behaviors and urges A child needs to learn certain boundaries when he or she is young so that in the future there will not be contention regarding what is overstepping the boundaries Related to cognitive psychology editAccording to the field of cognitive psychology Freud s anal stage falls into the category of internal mental states These internal mental states are referring to belief idea motivation and knowledge Freud revolves the basis of his stages around these main ideas as well The result of whether a child completes this stage successfully or becomes fixated has a lot to do with the child s knowledge of their past with their toilet training experience the motivation they received from the parents during the stage and the child s own belief in how they should react to the situation Cognitive psychology also focuses on and studies how people perceive remember and learn their surroundings environment and experiences These are the three main reasons why a child will become either anal retentive or anal expulsive after childhood 1 See also editPsychosexual development Oral stage Phallic stage Latency stage Genital stageReferences edit a b Cherry K The anal stage psychosexual development Archived from the original on November 19 2012 Retrieved May 9 2012 Lantz Sarah E Ray Sagarika 2021 Freud Developmental Theory StatPearls Treasure Island FL StatPearls Publishing PMID 32491458 retrieved 2021 03 10 Anal expulsive phase APA Dictionary of Psychology Washington DC American Psychological Association n d Retrieved 2021 03 10 External links editLaplanche Jean Pontalis Jean Bertrand 1973 Anal Sadistic stage or phase pp 35 36 The Language of Psycho analysis London Karnac Books ISBN 0 946 43949 4 Nagera Humberto ed 2014 1969 Anal erotism pp 44ff Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts on the Libido Theory Abingdon on Thames Routledge ISBN 978 1 31767039 1 Freud s Psychosexual Stages Felluga Dino Modules on Freud On Psychosexual Development Introductory Guide to Critical Theory West Lafayette Indiana Purdue University College of Liberal Arts Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anal stage amp oldid 1172118598, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
