Strigogyps is an extinctgenus of prehistoricbird from the Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene of France and Germany. It was probably around the size of a large chicken or a guan, weighing not quite 1 kilogram (2.2 lb). Apparently, as indicated by the ratio of lengths of wing to leg bones, S. sapea was flightless. Its legs were not adapted to running, so it seems to have had a walking lifestyle similar to trumpeters. Unlike other Cariamiformes, which appear to have been mostly carnivorous, Strigogyps specimens suggest a herbivorous diet.[1]
The type species of Strigogyps is S. dubius, which was described by Gaillard in 1908.[2] It was initially placed in the owl orderStrigiformes and considered to be a sophiornithid. S. dubius is based on a single tibiotarsus from the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Quercyphosphorites of France. This tibiotarsus was destroyed in World War II during the bombing of Munich, but casts remain. In 1939, Gaillard described a second species of Strigogyps, S. minor, based on a humerus, two coracoids, and two carpometacarpi, also from Quercy. In 1981, Mourer-Chauviré redescribed S. minor as Ameghinornis minor, the only member of the new phorusrhacidsubfamily, Ameghinornithinae.[3]Ameghinornis was later placed in its own family, Ameghinornithidae. In 1987, Peters named another monospecific genus of ameghinornithid, Aenigmavis sapea, based on a nearly complete skeleton from the Middle Eocene Messel pit of Germany.[4] Mayr (2005) found Aenigmavis to be a species of Strigogyps, S. sapea, and found Ameghinornis to be synonymous with S. dubius, as they both came from Quercy, and are almost identical except for coracoids and carpometacarpi of Ameghinornis, which Mayr found to be unlike other ameghinornithids, and probably from an idiornithid.[5]
Life restoration. The head shape and size is speculative, based on seriemas and phorhusrhacids.
In 1935, Lambrecht described a new New World vulture, Eocathartes robustus, and a hornbill, Geiseloceros robustus, from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) of the Geisel Valley of Germany. Each was based on a single specimen, and they were found very close together.[6] Mayr (2007) found them to be synonymous and a species of Strigogyps, S. robustus.[7]
Recent studies (Alvarenga and Höfling 2003, Mayr 2005) have found Strigogyps to be a more basal member of Cariamae, and not particularly close to the phorusrhachids.[5][8]Salmila robusta, another bird from Messel was found to be more basal than Strigogyps, and the clade composed of Salmila and Cariamae to be the sister taxon to Psophiidae within a monophyleticGruiformes.[9]
Fragmentary remains from the Palaeocene and/or Eocene of England and North America have also been suggested to be phorusrhachids, but, like Strigogyps, they probably are not.
^Gerald Mayr, Exceptionally preserved plant parenchyma in the digestive tract indicates a herbivorous diet in the Middle Eocene bird Strigogyps sapea (Ameghinornithidae)
^Gaillard, C. (1908). Les oiseaux des Phosphorites du Quercy. - Annales del'Université de Lyon (Nouvelle Série) 23: 1-178.
^Mourer-Chauviré, C. 1981. Première indication de la présence de Phorusrhacidés, famille d'oiseaux géants d'Amérique du Sud, dans le Tertaire européen: Ameghinornis nov. gen. (Aves, Ralliformes) des Phosphorites du Quercy, France. Géobios 14, 637-647.
^Peters, Dieter Stefan (1987): Ein "Phorusrhacidae" aus dem Mittel-Eozän von Messel (Aves: Gruiformes: Cariamae). Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de Lyon99: 71-87. [Article in German]
^ abMayr, Gerald (2005): "Old World phorusrhacids" (Aves, Phorusrhacidae): a new look at Strigogyps ("Aenigmavis") sapea (Peters 1987). PaleoBios (Berkeley)25(1): 11-16 HTML abstract
^Lambrecht, K . (1935). Drei neue Vogelformen aus dem Lutétian des Geiseltales. - Nova Acta Leopoldina, Neue Folge 3: 361 - 367.
^Mayr, Gerald (2007). Synonymy and actual affinities of the putative Middle Eocene "New World vulture" Eocathartes Lambrecht, 1935 and "hornbill" Geiseloceros Lambrecht, 1935 (Aves, Ameghinornithidae). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 81, 457-462.[1]
^Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. & Höfling, Elizabeth (2003): Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae (Aves: Ralliformes). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia43(4): 55-91 PDF fulltext
^Mayr, G. 2002. A new specimen of Salmila robusta (Aves: Gruiformes: Salmilidae n. fam.) from the Middle Eocene of Messel. Paleontologische Zeitschrift 76(2/2): 305-316.
Peters, Dieter Stefan (2007): The fossil family Ameghinornithidae (Mourer-Chauviré 1981): a short synopsis. Journal of Ornithology148(1): 25–28. doi:10.1007/s10336-006-0095-z PDF fulltext
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January 01, 1970
strigogyps, extinct, genus, prehistoric, bird, from, middle, eocene, early, oligocene, france, germany, probably, around, size, large, chicken, guan, weighing, quite, kilogram, apparently, indicated, ratio, lengths, wing, bones, sapea, flightless, legs, were, . Strigogyps is an extinct genus of prehistoric bird from the Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene of France and Germany It was probably around the size of a large chicken or a guan weighing not quite 1 kilogram 2 2 lb Apparently as indicated by the ratio of lengths of wing to leg bones S sapea was flightless Its legs were not adapted to running so it seems to have had a walking lifestyle similar to trumpeters Unlike other Cariamiformes which appear to have been mostly carnivorous Strigogyps specimens suggest a herbivorous diet 1 StrigogypsTemporal range Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene Strigogyps sapea fossil Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Cariamiformes Family Ameghinornithidae Genus StrigogypsGaillard 1908 Type species Strigogyps dubiusGaillard 1908 Other species S robustus Lambrecht 1935 originally Eocathartes Geiseloceros robustus S sapea Peters 1987 originally Aenigmavis sapea Synonyms Aenigmavis Peters 1987 Ameghinornis Mourer Chauvire 1981 Eocathartes Lambrecht 1935 Geiseloceros Lambrecht 1935 S robustus The type species of Strigogyps is S dubius which was described by Gaillard in 1908 2 It was initially placed in the owl order Strigiformes and considered to be a sophiornithid S dubius is based on a single tibiotarsus from the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Quercy phosphorites of France This tibiotarsus was destroyed in World War II during the bombing of Munich but casts remain In 1939 Gaillard described a second species of Strigogyps S minor based on a humerus two coracoids and two carpometacarpi also from Quercy In 1981 Mourer Chauvire redescribed S minor as Ameghinornis minor the only member of the new phorusrhacid subfamily Ameghinornithinae 3 Ameghinornis was later placed in its own family Ameghinornithidae In 1987 Peters named another monospecific genus of ameghinornithid Aenigmavis sapea based on a nearly complete skeleton from the Middle Eocene Messel pit of Germany 4 Mayr 2005 found Aenigmavis to be a species of Strigogyps S sapea and found Ameghinornis to be synonymous with S dubius as they both came from Quercy and are almost identical except for coracoids and carpometacarpi of Ameghinornis which Mayr found to be unlike other ameghinornithids and probably from an idiornithid 5 Life restoration The head shape and size is speculative based on seriemas and phorhusrhacids In 1935 Lambrecht described a new New World vulture Eocathartes robustus and a hornbill Geiseloceros robustus from the Middle Eocene Lutetian of the Geisel Valley of Germany Each was based on a single specimen and they were found very close together 6 Mayr 2007 found them to be synonymous and a species of Strigogyps S robustus 7 Recent studies Alvarenga and Hofling 2003 Mayr 2005 have found Strigogyps to be a more basal member of Cariamae and not particularly close to the phorusrhachids 5 8 Salmila robusta another bird from Messel was found to be more basal than Strigogyps and the clade composed of Salmila and Cariamae to be the sister taxon to Psophiidae within a monophyletic Gruiformes 9 Fragmentary remains from the Palaeocene and or Eocene of England and North America have also been suggested to be phorusrhachids but like Strigogyps they probably are not See also editList of fossil birdsReferences edit Gerald Mayr Exceptionally preserved plant parenchyma in the digestive tract indicates a herbivorous diet in the Middle Eocene bird Strigogyps sapea Ameghinornithidae Gaillard C 1908 Les oiseaux des Phosphorites du Quercy Annales del Universite de Lyon Nouvelle Serie 23 1 178 Mourer Chauvire C 1981 Premiere indication de la presence de Phorusrhacides famille d oiseaux geants d Amerique du Sud dans le Tertaire europeen Ameghinornis nov gen Aves Ralliformes des Phosphorites du Quercy France Geobios 14 637 647 Peters Dieter Stefan 1987 Ein Phorusrhacidae aus dem Mittel Eozan von Messel Aves Gruiformes Cariamae Documents des Laboratoires de Geologie de Lyon 99 71 87 Article in German a b Mayr Gerald 2005 Old World phorusrhacids Aves Phorusrhacidae a new look at Strigogyps Aenigmavis sapea Peters 1987 PaleoBios Berkeley 25 1 11 16 HTML abstract Lambrecht K 1935 Drei neue Vogelformen aus dem Lutetian des Geiseltales Nova Acta Leopoldina Neue Folge 3 361 367 Mayr Gerald 2007 Synonymy and actual affinities of the putative Middle Eocene New World vulture Eocathartes Lambrecht 1935 and hornbill Geiseloceros Lambrecht 1935 Aves Ameghinornithidae Palaontologische Zeitschrift 81 457 462 1 Alvarenga Herculano M F amp Hofling Elizabeth 2003 Systematic revision of the Phorusrhacidae Aves Ralliformes Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 43 4 55 91 PDF fulltext Mayr G 2002 A new specimen of Salmila robusta Aves Gruiformes Salmilidae n fam from the Middle Eocene of Messel Paleontologische Zeitschrift 76 2 2 305 316 Peters Dieter Stefan 2007 The fossil family Ameghinornithidae Mourer Chauvire 1981 a short synopsis Journal of Ornithology 148 1 25 28 doi 10 1007 s10336 006 0095 z PDF fulltextExternal links editTetrapod Zoology blog post on Strigogyps nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Strigogyps Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Strigogyps amp oldid 1217022509, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
