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Alphaherpesvirinae

April 12, 2024

Alphaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Herpesviridae, primarily distinguished by reproducing more quickly than other subfamilies in the Herpesviridae. In animal virology the most important herpesviruses belong to the Alphaherpesvirinae. Pseudorabies virus is the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease in pigs and Bovine herpesvirus 1 is the causative agent of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis and pustular vulvovaginitis.[1][2] Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are currently 45 species in this subfamily, divided among 5 genera with one species unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: HHV-1 and HHV-2: skin vesicles or mucosal ulcers, rarely encephalitis and meningitis, HHV-3: chickenpox (varicella) and shingles, GaHV-2: Marek's disease.[3][4]

Alphaherpesvirinae
Electron micrograph of a Human alphaherpesvirus 3 virion
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Peploviricota
Class: Herviviricetes
Order: Herpesvirales
Family: Orthoherpesviridae
Subfamily: Alphaherpesvirinae
Genera

See text

Genera edit

Alphaherpesvirinae consists of the following five genera:[4]

The species Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 6 is currently unassigned to a genus.[4]

Structure edit

Viruses in Alphaherpesvirinae are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 120 to 180 kb in length.[3]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Iltovirus Spherical pleomorphic T=16 Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Mardivirus Spherical pleomorphic T=16 Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Simplexvirus Spherical pleomorphic T=16 Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Scutavirus Spherical pleomorphic T=16 Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Varicellovirus Spherical pleomorphic T=16 Enveloped Linear Monopartite

Life cycle edit

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral gB, gC, gD and gH proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, budding, and microtubular outwards viral transport. Mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, contact, body fluids, lesions, and respiratory.[3]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Iltovirus Birds: galliform: psittacine None Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Nucleus Oral-fecal; aerosol
Mardivirus Chickens; turkeys; quail None Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Nucleus Aerosol
Simplexvirus Humans; mammals Epithelial mucosa Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Nucleus Saliva
Scutavirus Sea turtles None Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Nucleus Aerosol
Varicellovirus Mammals Epithelial mucosa Glycoproteins Budding Nucleus Nucleus Aerosol

References edit

  1. ^ Mettenleiter; et al. (2008). "Molecular Biology of Animal Herpesviruses". Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.
  2. ^ Sandri-Goldin RM., ed. (2006). Alpha Herpesviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-09-7.
  3. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  4. ^ a b c "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alphaherpesvirinae.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Alphaherpesvirinae.
  • Alphaherpesvirinae at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  • Viralzone: Alphaherpesvirinae
  • ICTV
  • Animal Viruses

April 12, 2024
alphaherpesvirinae, subfamily, viruses, family, herpesviridae, primarily, distinguished, reproducing, more, quickly, than, other, subfamilies, herpesviridae, animal, virology, most, important, herpesviruses, belong, pseudorabies, virus, causative, agent, aujes. Alphaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Herpesviridae primarily distinguished by reproducing more quickly than other subfamilies in the Herpesviridae In animal virology the most important herpesviruses belong to the Alphaherpesvirinae Pseudorabies virus is the causative agent of Aujeszky s disease in pigs and Bovine herpesvirus 1 is the causative agent of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis and pustular vulvovaginitis 1 2 Mammals serve as natural hosts There are currently 45 species in this subfamily divided among 5 genera with one species unassigned to a genus Diseases associated with this subfamily include HHV 1 and HHV 2 skin vesicles or mucosal ulcers rarely encephalitis and meningitis HHV 3 chickenpox varicella and shingles GaHV 2 Marek s disease 3 4 AlphaherpesvirinaeElectron micrograph of a Human alphaherpesvirus 3 virionVirus classification unranked VirusRealm DuplodnaviriaKingdom HeunggongviraePhylum PeploviricotaClass HerviviricetesOrder HerpesviralesFamily OrthoherpesviridaeSubfamily AlphaherpesvirinaeGeneraSee text Contents 1 Genera 2 Structure 3 Life cycle 4 References 5 External linksGenera editAlphaherpesvirinae consists of the following five genera 4 Iltovirus Mardivirus Scutavirus Simplexvirus VaricellovirusThe species Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 6 is currently unassigned to a genus 4 Structure editViruses in Alphaherpesvirinae are enveloped with icosahedral spherical to pleomorphic and round geometries and T 16 symmetry The diameter is around 150 200 nm Genomes are linear and non segmented around 120 to 180 kb in length 3 Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentationIltovirus Spherical pleomorphic T 16 Enveloped Linear MonopartiteMardivirus Spherical pleomorphic T 16 Enveloped Linear MonopartiteSimplexvirus Spherical pleomorphic T 16 Enveloped Linear MonopartiteScutavirus Spherical pleomorphic T 16 Enveloped Linear MonopartiteVaricellovirus Spherical pleomorphic T 16 Enveloped Linear MonopartiteLife cycle editViral replication is nuclear and is lysogenic Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral gB gC gD and gH proteins to host receptors which mediates endocytosis Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model DNA templated transcription with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription Translation takes place by leaky scanning The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress budding and microtubular outwards viral transport Mammals serve as the natural host Transmission routes are sexual contact body fluids lesions and respiratory 3 Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site TransmissionIltovirus Birds galliform psittacine None Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Nucleus Oral fecal aerosolMardivirus Chickens turkeys quail None Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Nucleus AerosolSimplexvirus Humans mammals Epithelial mucosa Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Nucleus SalivaScutavirus Sea turtles None Cell receptor endocytosis Budding Nucleus Nucleus AerosolVaricellovirus Mammals Epithelial mucosa Glycoproteins Budding Nucleus Nucleus AerosolReferences edit Mettenleiter et al 2008 Molecular Biology of Animal Herpesviruses Animal Viruses Molecular Biology Caister Academic Press ISBN 978 1 904455 22 6 Sandri Goldin RM ed 2006 Alpha Herpesviruses Molecular and Cellular Biology Caister Academic Press ISBN 978 1 904455 09 7 a b c Viral Zone ExPASy Retrieved 12 June 2015 a b c Virus Taxonomy 2020 Release International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ICTV March 2021 Retrieved 10 May 2021 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alphaherpesvirinae nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Alphaherpesvirinae Alphaherpesvirinae at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Viralzone Alphaherpesvirinae ICTV Animal Viruses Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alphaherpesvirinae amp oldid 1136464165, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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