Algernon J. Cooper
Algernon Johnson Cooper, Jr.[2] (born May 30, 1944) is an American politician and lawyer who served as the mayor of Prichard, Alabama. Cooper was one of the first black elected officials in Prichard, and one of the first black mayors in the modern era.
Algernon J. Cooper | |
|---|---|
| Mayor of Prichard, Alabama | |
| In office 1972 – June 1, 1980 | |
| Preceded by | Vernon O. Capps |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Algernon Johnson Cooper, Jr. May 30, 1944 Mobile, Alabama, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | University of Notre Dame New York University |
| Nickname | Jay[1] |
Early life edit
Algernon Johnson Cooper, Jr. was born on May 30, 1944, in Mobile, Alabama, to Gladys Catherine Mouton and Algernon Johnson Cooper, Sr. (died 1968). His sister is the noted philanthropist and socialite Peggy Cooper Cafritz, and they were raised Catholic.
Cooper attended St. Peter Claver Elementary School in Mobile, Alabama, until he was sent to Marmion Academy in Aurora, Illinois, in 1958, where he was the first black student, and graduated in 1962. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1966 with a B.A. degree.[1][3][4] In 1969, he earned a law degree from New York University.[5]
Cooper's brother, Gary Cooper, was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives.[6]
Career edit
In 1967, Cooper became a member of United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy's staff and later served on Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1968. Cooper was with Kennedy at the time of Kennedy's assassination. Cooper attended Kennedy's funeral and escorted Coretta Scott King on the funeral train.[1]
From 1968 to 1969, Cooper served as national treasurer of the American Bar Association's Law Student Division.[5] In 1968, Cooper founded the Black American Law Students Association.[7] On December 18, 1970, Cooper became the first black member of the Mobile Bar Association after a secret vote was held. An attempt was made to waive the secret vote and to instead use a voice vote, which would have required unanimous approval for Cooper's membership, but was unsuccessful.[5]
In 1970, he represented the NAACP Legal Defense Fund during a challenge to the constitutionality of Alabama's freedom of choice school desegregation law.[8] On September 8, 1970, he threatened to take parents who refused to send their children to segregated schools rather than the integrated schools their children were assigned to federal court.[9]
Mayor edit
Elections edit
In 1972, Cooper ran for mayor of Prichard, Alabama, where segregationist Governor George Wallace would give his annual Labor Day speech, and placed first out of seven candidates in the initial primary with incumbent Mayor Vernon O. Capps, who had served as mayor since 1960, in second place.[10][11] In the general election Cooper defeated Capps becoming the first black elected official in Prichard.[12][13]
Cooper is incorrectly stated as the first black mayor in Alabama since the end of Reconstruction and the first black person to defeat a white incumbent mayor in Alabama.[14][1] The first black person to do so was Andrew Hayden in Uniontown, Alabama.[15]
Cooper was reelected in 1976, against city council member Alford Turner and Fleicito Ramos.[16]
Tenure edit
In 1972, Cooper was inaugurated as mayor of Prichard, Alabama.[17] From October 14 to 15, Cooper alongside four other black mayors in Alabama organized the Alabama Conference of Black Mayors.[18] Cooper later served as chairman of the conference.[19]
On October 27, 1972, Cooper endorsed John Sparkman during the United States Senate election over John L. LeFlore, the only black candidate running, as Cooper believed that LeFlore could not win. However, Cooper stated that he had differences with Sparkman "on legislation concerned with civil rights". Cooper also stated that the election of Republican nominee Winton M. Blount would be "a disaster for Alabama because, unlike John Sparkman, he has no feeling for the people".[20]
In 1975, James Dotson Fail Sr., a white man, was arrested and charged with assault with intent to murder after a gunshot was fired into Cooper's house.[21] Fail was later sentenced to two years in prison.[22]
On June 7, 1978, Cooper was indicted by a federal grand jury for demanding and receiving $5,581.86 from J. E. Harris and his company in June 1975. Cooper was the third member of Prichard's city government to be indicted during a corruption investigation.[23] Cooper pleaded innocent at trial and was found not guilty by a jury on September 14.[24][25]
On October 11, 1978, Cooper filed his letter of resignation to a member of the city council, but later stated on October 12, that he had done so during an act of frustration and that he was not formally resigning.[26] In 1980, Cooper was appointed as an aide to United States House and Urban Development Secretary Moon Landrieu, and on June 1, 1980, Cooper resigned from the mayoralty to serve as an aide full-time.[27][28]
Alabama Legislature campaigns edit
In November 1979, Cain Kennedy, a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from the 98th district, was appointed as a state court judge by Governor Fob James. James declared a special election to be held on January 29, to fill the vacancy created by Kennedy's appointment. Cooper chose to run in the special election, but lacked the residency requirement. Former Attorney General Bill Baxley filed a petition to the Alabama Democratic Executive Committee challenging Cooper's campaign for the house seat due to his lack of residency. Cooper was removed from the ballot, which Cooper did not contest, and Cooper later endorsed Bonnie Hicks for the House seat.[29][30][31]
In 2007, Cooper served as the Democratic nominee for the Alabama Senate in the 32nd district, but was defeated by Republican nominee Trip Pittman.[32][33]
References edit
- ^ a b c d "A. J. Cooper, Jr. biography". The HistoryMakers. March 6, 2019. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
- ^ "Algernon Johnson Cooper, Jr". The Anniston Star. November 16, 1972. p. 14. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Algernon J. Cooper, Sr. dies". Montgomery Advertiser. November 12, 1968. p. 11. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ One Hundred and Twenty-first Commencement Exercises (PDF). The University of Notre Dame. June 5, 1966. p. 22. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
- ^ a b c "Algernon J. Cooper, Sr. dies". Montgomery Advertiser. November 12, 1968. p. 11. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Prichard turbulent symbol of change". The Selma Times-Journal. August 22, 1976. p. 6. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "History of the National Black Law Students Association". Antonin Scalia Law School. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
- ^ "Panel of Federal Judges To Rule On Choice Law". Alabama Journal. June 19, 1970. p. 21. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Mobile Parents Vow To Defy U.S. Order". The Anniston Star. September 9, 1970. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Prichard Mayor Faces Black Attorney in Runoff". Montgomery Advertiser. September 12, 1972. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Prichard mayor's victory". The Anniston Star. March 1, 1973. p. 4. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "First black official in Prichard". The Anniston Star. September 13, 1972. p. 15. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Black elected officials in Prichard". Alabama Journal. September 19, 1972. p. 11. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "First black mayor post-Reconstruction". The Alabama Conference of Black Mayors. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
- ^ "Andrew Hayden". The Selma Times-Journal. September 15, 1972. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "1976 election results". Alabama Journal. August 11, 1976. p. 49. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "2 Black Alabama Mayors Signal New Era in Dixie Politics". Montgomery Advertiser. October 13, 1972. p. 12. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Eight black mayors will meet Saturday". The Anniston Star. October 27, 1972. p. 10. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Chairman Cooper". The Anniston Star. October 26, 1972. p. 18. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Prichard Mayor Says Sparkman Is His Choice". Montgomery Advertiser. October 28, 1972. p. 8. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Prichard man charged". The Selma Times-Journal. August 22, 1975. p. 7. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Fail convicted". Alabama Journal. July 14, 1976. p. 38. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Grand jury indicts Prichard mayor". Montgomery Advertiser. June 8, 1978. p. 17. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Mayor Cooper pleads innocent". The Anniston Star. June 17, 1978. p. 11. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Jury clears A.J. Cooper in Mobile trial". Montgomery Advertiser. September 15, 1978. p. 7. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Cooper 'resigns'; still on job". The Anniston Star. October 13, 1978. p. 6. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Cooper to take HUD post". The Selma Times-Journal. March 31, 1980. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Cooper goes full time". The Selma Times-Journal. May 21, 1980. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Residency requirement". Abbeville Herald. December 20, 1979. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Candidacy Challenged". Alabama Journal. January 26, 1980. p. 29. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Cooper won't contest Demo decision". Montgomery Advertiser. January 26, 1980. p. 2. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Pittman pulls election upset". Montgomery Advertiser. September 13, 2007. p. 11. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Pittman Elected to Alabama Senate". Alabama Public Radio. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2020.