Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco
January 01, 1970
Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and the Cherifian dynasties or Algerian-Sherifian conflicts[1] opposed Morocco to the Ottoman Empire and its dependencies in a series of wars between the Regency of Algiers and its allied local sultanates and tribal confederations, and on the other hand, the SharifianSaadian and Alawite dynasties that had ruled Morocco since the 16th century.
Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco
The troops of the Regency of Algiers, allied to the kingdom of Ait Abbes, marching towards Oranie
The origins of these conflicts are multiple and overlapping. The integration into the Ottoman Empire of the state-owned enterprise of the Regency of Algiers in the central Maghreb as a new political center integrated in 1520 into the Ottoman Empire was at the expense of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen to its west. Recurrent conflicts at the beginning of the sixteenth century with the Regency on the one hand and the Spaniards on the other saw Tlemcem absorbed into the Regency.[1] Their weakening stirred Saadian lusts. Although the Regency of Algiers confirmed its control over Tlemcen and Orania, it did not have the means to launch the.long campaigns in the Sahara that it delegated to various tribal confederations like the Ouled Sidi Cheikh.[2] The Saadians were blocked to the north by the Spanish Empire but the Regency of Algiers then found a South-Saharan outlet for the expansion of their Empire.
These conflicts and resulting agreements foreshadowed the borders and delimitations between the modern nation-states of the Maghreb.[3]
Establishment of the regency of Algiers (16th century)edit
Collapse of the Zayyanids of Tlemcenedit
The weakening of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen, playing on their alliances with Spain, the Turks of Algiers and the Wattasids to maintain themselves, opened up a political void in western Algeria.[1] The founding of the Regency of Algiers (1512–1529) then its integration into the Ottoman Empire was done at the expense of the Zayyanids in the west and the Hafsids in the east.[2] The regency of Algiers, directed by the exogenous Turkish element of its militia, extended its influence to the west through the play of maraboutic alliances and brotherhoods. However, the advent of the Sharifian dynasties in Fez, with the Saadians in 1550, upset this game of alliances. Indeed, the Regency of Algiers could not count on the support of the maraboutics against sovereigns claiming a Cherifian origin (i.e. descending from Muhammad). Negotiations therefore began concerning the territories formerly under Zayyanids suzerainty, which were not successful.[1]
Saadian attempts in Oranedit
In 1545, the Saadians allied themselves with the Spaniards. The Cherifian army took Tlemcen without fighting in 1550 and decided to march on Algiers. The beylerbeys of the Regency of Algiers and the Sultan of the Beni Abbas then concluded the pact of Aguemoun Ath Khiar.[4] They retook Oranie and the city of Tlemcen in 1551;[5] The victory was exploited politically by the Turks of Algiers and played a role in the formation of Algeria (prefiguring its borders). This conflict opened a period of Algerian-Cherifian hostility which only ceased in 1585 with the intervention of the Ottoman sultan. From then on, for about a century, the Moulouya border was respected.[3]
On the other hand, the fall of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen opened the way for the Saharan conquests of the Saadians who were anxious to control the trans-Saharan axes that had been left vacant. The Regency could not engage in distant Saharan expeditions. However a troop was sent from Algiers to the Gourara towards the end of the 16th century at the request of the Ksourians in the face of rezzous from Tafilalt.[6] The Touat and the Gourara were then subjected to a temptation of local withdrawal and were independent in fact.[2]
^Institut de recherches et d'études sur le monde arabe et musulman; Chaker, Salem (2005), Encyclopédie berbère. 27, Kairouan-Kifan Bel-Ghomari, vol. 27, Edisud, p. 4112, retrieved 2021-05-09
^Féraud, Laurent-Charles (2011). Histoire des villes de la province de Constantine: Sétif, Bordj-Bou-Arréridj, Msila, Boussaâda (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN978-2-296-54115-3.
^Bellil, Rachid (2001). Les oasis du Gourara, Sahara algérien: Fondation des ksour. II [The Oases of the Gourara, Algerian Sahara: Founding of the Ksour] (in French). Peeters Publishers. ISBN978-90-429-0924-3.
Bibliographyedit
Bellil, Rachid (1999). Les oasis du Gourara (Sahara algérien) (in French). Peeters Publishers. ISBN9789042907218.
Boyer, Pierre (1966). "Contribution à l'étude de la politique religieuse des Turcs dans la Régence d'Alger (XVIe-XIXe siècles)". Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée (in French). 1 (1): 11–49. doi:10.3406/remmm.1966.910.
Chenntouf, Tayeb (1999). La dynamique de la frontière au Maghreb (in French). UNESCO. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Cour, Auguste (2004). L'établissement des dynasties des Chérifs au Maroc et leur rivalité avec les Turcs de la Régence d'Alger: 1509–1830 (in French). Editions Bouchène. ISBN9782912946782.
January 01, 1970
conflicts, between, regency, algiers, morocco, conflicts, between, regency, algiers, cherifian, dynasties, algerian, sherifian, conflicts, opposed, morocco, ottoman, empire, dependencies, series, wars, between, regency, algiers, allied, local, sultanates, trib. Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and the Cherifian dynasties or Algerian Sherifian conflicts 1 opposed Morocco to the Ottoman Empire and its dependencies in a series of wars between the Regency of Algiers and its allied local sultanates and tribal confederations and on the other hand the Sharifian Saadian and Alawite dynasties that had ruled Morocco since the 16th century Conflicts betweenthe Regency of Algiers and MoroccoThe troops of the Regency of Algiers allied tothe kingdom of Ait Abbes marching towards OranieDate1550 1795LocationMorocco Western AlgeriaBelligerentsRegency of Algiers Zayyanids 16th century Kingdom of Beni AbbasSaadi dynasty 1559 1660 Alaouite dynasty 1559 1795 Spanish Empire The origins of these conflicts are multiple and overlapping The integration into the Ottoman Empire of the state owned enterprise of the Regency of Algiers in the central Maghreb as a new political center integrated in 1520 into the Ottoman Empire was at the expense of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen to its west Recurrent conflicts at the beginning of the sixteenth century with the Regency on the one hand and the Spaniards on the other saw Tlemcem absorbed into the Regency 1 Their weakening stirred Saadian lusts Although the Regency of Algiers confirmed its control over Tlemcen and Orania it did not have the means to launch the long campaigns in the Sahara that it delegated to various tribal confederations like the Ouled Sidi Cheikh 2 The Saadians were blocked to the north by the Spanish Empire but the Regency of Algiers then found a South Saharan outlet for the expansion of their Empire These conflicts and resulting agreements foreshadowed the borders and delimitations between the modern nation states of the Maghreb 3 Contents 1 Establishment of the regency of Algiers 16th century 1 1 Collapse of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen 1 2 Saadian attempts in Oran 2 Notable battles 3 References 4 BibliographyEstablishment of the regency of Algiers 16th century editCollapse of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen edit The weakening of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen playing on their alliances with Spain the Turks of Algiers and the Wattasids to maintain themselves opened up a political void in western Algeria 1 The founding of the Regency of Algiers 1512 1529 then its integration into the Ottoman Empire was done at the expense of the Zayyanids in the west and the Hafsids in the east 2 The regency of Algiers directed by the exogenous Turkish element of its militia extended its influence to the west through the play of maraboutic alliances and brotherhoods However the advent of the Sharifian dynasties in Fez with the Saadians in 1550 upset this game of alliances Indeed the Regency of Algiers could not count on the support of the maraboutics against sovereigns claiming a Cherifian origin i e descending from Muhammad Negotiations therefore began concerning the territories formerly under Zayyanids suzerainty which were not successful 1 Saadian attempts in Oran edit In 1545 the Saadians allied themselves with the Spaniards The Cherifian army took Tlemcen without fighting in 1550 and decided to march on Algiers The beylerbeys of the Regency of Algiers and the Sultan of the Beni Abbas then concluded the pact of Aguemoun Ath Khiar 4 They retook Oranie and the city of Tlemcen in 1551 5 The victory was exploited politically by the Turks of Algiers and played a role in the formation of Algeria prefiguring its borders This conflict opened a period of Algerian Cherifian hostility which only ceased in 1585 with the intervention of the Ottoman sultan From then on for about a century the Moulouya border was respected 3 On the other hand the fall of the Zayyanids of Tlemcen opened the way for the Saharan conquests of the Saadians who were anxious to control the trans Saharan axes that had been left vacant The Regency could not engage in distant Saharan expeditions However a troop was sent from Algiers to the Gourara towards the end of the 16th century at the request of the Ksourians in the face of rezzous from Tafilalt 6 The Touat and the Gourara were then subjected to a temptation of local withdrawal and were independent in fact 2 Notable battles editCampaign of Tlemcen 1551 Capture of Fez 1554 Campaign of Tlemcen 1557 Battle of Wadi al Laban 1558 Battle of Moulouya 1691 Siege of Oran 1693 Battle of Tlemcen 1700 Battle of Chelif 1701 Laghouat Rebellion 1727 References edit a b c d Boyer 1966 pp 11 49 a b c Bellil 1999 p 125 a b Chenntouf 1999 pp 191 206 Institut de recherches et d etudes sur le monde arabe et musulman Chaker Salem 2005 Encyclopedie berbere 27 Kairouan Kifan Bel Ghomari vol 27 Edisud p 4112 retrieved 2021 05 09 Feraud Laurent Charles 2011 Histoire des villes de la province de Constantine Setif Bordj Bou Arreridj Msila Boussaada in French L Harmattan ISBN 978 2 296 54115 3 Bellil Rachid 2001 Les oasis du Gourara Sahara algerien Fondation des ksour II The Oases of the Gourara Algerian Sahara Founding of the Ksour in French Peeters Publishers ISBN 978 90 429 0924 3 Bibliography editBellil Rachid 1999 Les oasis du Gourara Sahara algerien in French Peeters Publishers ISBN 9789042907218 Boyer Pierre 1966 Contribution a l etude de la politique religieuse des Turcs dans la Regence d Alger XVIe XIXe siecles Revue de l Occident musulman et de la Mediterranee in French 1 1 11 49 doi 10 3406 remmm 1966 910 Chenntouf Tayeb 1999 La dynamique de la frontiere au Maghreb in French UNESCO a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Cour Auguste 2004 L etablissement des dynasties des Cherifs au Maroc et leur rivalite avec les Turcs de la Regence d Alger 1509 1830 in French Editions Bouchene ISBN 9782912946782 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco amp oldid 1219379985, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
